Zum Inhalt springen

Armenischer Nationalkongress (1917)

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
Dies ist eine alte Version dieser Seite, zuletzt bearbeitet am 29. Januar 2019 um 23:57 Uhr durch en>Marcocapelle (removed Category:History of Armenia; added Category:1910s in Armenia using HotCat). Sie kann sich erheblich von der aktuellen Version unterscheiden.

The Armenian National Congress (or Congress of Eastern Armenians[1][2]) was a political congress established to provide representation for Armenians of the Russian Empire.[3][4][5] It first met at the Artistic Theatre in Tbilisi on Vorlage:OldStyleDate.[6][7][8][9][10][11] Its formation was prompted by the opportunities the Russian Revolution provided for Armenians (and other minority nationalities in Russia) towards the end of World War I.[4]

Members

The congress consisted of 204[1] members from all over the Russian Empire, with only Armenian Bolsheviks refusing to take part for ideological reasons.[12] It was dominated by the Dashnak Party.[6][11][13][14][15]

The composition along party lines was as follows:[16]

  • Dashnaks: 113 representatives
  • Populists: 43 representatives
  • Socialist Revolutionaries: 23 representatives
  • Social Democrats: 9 representatives
  • No party: 7 representatives
  • There was also a small number of representatives from Western Armenia, including Andranik Ozanian.

Functioning

Since a real government did not exist in the Yerevan province of Armenia, the Armenian National Congress served as a government for the province.[17] According to Richard Hovannisian, the Congress was "the most comprehensive Eastern Armenian gathering since the Russian conquest of Transcaucasia".[6] The immediate objectives of the Congress were to devise a strategy for the war effort, provide relief for refugees, and provide local autonomy for various Armenian-run institutions throughout the Caucasus.[4] The Congress also called for the militarization of the Caucasus front.[18][19] The Armenian National Congress supported the policies of the Russian Provisional Government concerning the war, and also suggested redrawing provincial boundaries along ethnic lines.[20] The Congress was instrumental in the secularization of Armenian schools and the nationalization of secondary Armenian schools.[18]

The Congress met for 18 sessions before it dissolved on Vorlage:OldStyleDate.[21]

Legacy

Before dissolving, the Congress created a National Assembly of 35 members to act as a legislative body for Armenians in the Russian Empire.[22] It also created an executive body of 15 members called the Armenian National Council, headed by Avetis Aharonian.[5][23][24] This council eventually declared independence for the First Republic of Armenia led by Aram Manukian in May 1918.[3][4][5]

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Sources

  • Richard G. Hovannisian Armenia on the Road to Independence (University of California, 1967)
  • Richard G. Hovanissian The Republic of Armenia: The First Year 1918-19 (University of California, 1971)
  • Rouben Paul Adalian Historical Dictionary of Armenia (Scarecrow Press, 2010)
  • Anahide Ter-Minassian La République d'Arménie 1918-20 (Éditions Complexe, 2006 ed.)
  1. ↑ a b Ter-Minassian p.30
  2. ↑ Stephen F. Jones Socialism in Georgian Colors: the European Road to Social Democracy (Harvard University Press, 2005), page 259
  3. ↑ a b Adalian p.76
  4. ↑ a b c d edited by Edmund Herzig, Kurkchiyan, Marina: The Armenians : past and present in the making of national identity. 1. publ. Auflage. RoutledgeCurzon, London [u.a.] 2005, ISBN 978-0-7007-0639-6, S. 95 (google.com [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2013]).
  5. ↑ a b c Jacques Derogy: Resistance and Revenge: The Armenian Assassination of the Turkish Leaders Responsible for the 1915 Massacres and Deportations. Transaction Publishers, 1990, ISBN 978-1-4128-3316-5 (google.com).
  6. ↑ a b c Hovannisian Armenia on the Road to Independence, p.87
  7. ↑ Tarihten güncelliğe Ermeni sorunu : tahliller, belgeler, kararlar. 1. basım. Auflage. Kaynak Yayınları, Beyoğlu, İstanbul 2001, ISBN 978-975-343-326-6 (türkisch, google.com [abgerufen am 25. Februar 2013]): “1917'nin Ekimi'nde Taşnakların yönetimi altında Ermeni Milli Kongresi yapılmıştı.”
  8. ↑ Ter-Minassian p.30 for Old Style date
  9. ↑ (Большая советская энциклопедия) Bolshaia Sovetskaia Entsiklopediia. Volume 3 Auflage. 1926, S. 437 (russisch, google.com [abgerufen am 25. Februar 2013]).
  10. ↑ Esat Uras: The Armenians in history and the Armenian question. English translation of the rev. and expanded 2. Auflage. Documentary Publications, Ankara 1988, ISBN 978-975-7555-00-1, S. 905 (google.com [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2013]).
  11. ↑ a b John M. Douglas: The Armenians. J.J. Winthrop Corp., New York, NY 1992, ISBN 978-0-9631381-0-1, S. 358 (google.com [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2013]).
  12. ↑ Hovannisian Republic, pp.16-17
  13. ↑ Rus-Türk-Ermeni münasebetleri, 1914-1918. In: Ermeni araştırmaları: üç aylık tarih, politika ve uluslararası ilişkiler dergisi. 6. Jahrgang, Nr. 22-24, 2006, S. 104 (türkisch).
  14. ↑ Vahan M. Kurkjian: A history of Armenia. Indo-European Publishing, Los Angeles, CA 2008, ISBN 978-1-60444-012-6.
  15. ↑ Weekly summaries : Nov. 2, 1918-Febr. 1, 1919. United States Military Intelligence [1917-1927], Volume 6, New York u.a. 1978, ISBN 978-0-8240-3005-6 (google.com).
  16. ↑ Ter-Minassian pp.30-31
  17. ↑ Oksen Teghtsoonian: From Van to Toronto : a life in two worlds. Hrsg.: Robert Teghtsoonian, Christopher Teghtsoonian. IUniverse, Inc., New York 2003, ISBN 978-0-595-27415-4 (google.com).
  18. ↑ a b Alex Marshall: The Caucasus under Soviet rule. 1. publ. Auflage. Routledge, London 2008, ISBN 978-0-415-41012-0, S. 86 (google.com [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2013]).
  19. ↑ Hüsamettin Yıldırım: Rus-Türk-Ermeni münasebetleri : 1914-1918. 1. baskı. Auflage. Kök Yayınları, Ankara 1990, ISBN 978-975-7721-04-8 (türkisch, google.ca [abgerufen am 25. Februar 2013]): “Ekim ihtilalinden önce Tiflis'te Ermeni Millî Meclisi toplanmış, bütün savaş süresince Ermeni siyasî hayatını, Ermeni gönüllü hareketlerini tertip ve idare etmiş olan Millî Yurt'un yerine Taşnaksutyun mensuplarından kurulu olan Millî Kongre seçilmiştir.”
  20. ↑ Hovannisian Republic, pp.17-18
  21. ↑ Ter-Minassian pp.33-34
  22. ↑ Ter-Minassian p.34
  23. ↑ Kevork B. Bardakjian: A reference guide to modern Armenian literature, 1500-1920 : with an introductory history. Wayne State Univ. Press, Detroit 2000, ISBN 978-0-8143-2747-0, S. 263–264 (google.com [abgerufen am 9. Februar 2013]).
  24. ↑ Agop J. Hacikyan: The Heritage of Armenian Literature From The Eighteenth Century To Modern Times. Wayne State Univ Pr, Detroit 2005, ISBN 978-0-8143-3221-4.
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Armenischer_Nationalkongress_(1917)&oldid=237447950“