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Benutzer:Hoefler50/Filet-O-Fish

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The Filet-O-Fish is a fish burger sold by the international fast food chain store McDonald's. It was invented in 1962 by Lou Groen, a McDonald's franchise owner in Cincinnati, Ohio. While the fish composition of the sandwich has changed through the years to satisfy taste and supply shortcomings, the framework of its ingredients have remained the same; a fried breaded fish fillet, steamed bun, tartar sauce, and pasteurized processed American cheese.

Product description

Vorlage:As of, the Filet-O-Fish contains a battered, fried fish fillet made from pollock.[1] In New Zealand and the United Kingdom Filet-O-Fish contains hoki instead of pollock. McDonald's Canada, United States, United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Czech Republic, The Netherlands and Hong Kong uses a half slice of cheese in each Filet-O-Fish sandwich.[2][3][4][5]

History

The sandwich was created by a McDonald's franchise owner in Cincinnati, Ohio, named Lou Groen in 1962.[6][7] Groen owned a McDonald's in a predominantly Roman Catholic neighborhood where his Catholic customers engaged in the practice of not eating meat on Fridays.[7]

The product was named by Cye Landy of Cye Landy Advertising Agency, which was the advertising firm for that particular McDonald's franchise.

It has become popular with people with dietary restrictions concerning meat-based products. For example, in Judaism, the fish used in the sandwich is considered kosher even without special preparation, whilst other meats would require special slaughter techniques to be considered kosher.[8] Although, the preparation of the fish alongside non-Kosher meat products and in an non-Kosher kitchen renders the Filet-O-Fish non-Kosher.Vorlage:According to whom

The sandwich was the first non-hamburger menu item brought in by new McDonald's company owner Ray Kroc.[9] Kroc made a deal with Groen: they would sell two non-meat sandwiches on a Friday, Kroc's own Hula Burger (grilled pineapple with cheese on a cold bun) and the Filet-O-Fish, and whichever sold the most would be added to the permanent menu. The Filet-O-Fish "won hands down"[7] and was added to menus throughout 1963 until reaching nationwide status in 1965.[10]

The use of farmed fish in the Filet-O-Fish first came about in 1981, when an owner of a New Zealand fisheries company was dissatisfied with the pollock Filet-O-Fish he purchased at the Courtenay Place, Wellington restaurant. Saying to the manager that he could make a better tasting fish fillet, he was handed a box of fillets and told to come back with identical, better-tasting fillets. He substituted red cod for the pollock, and after the manager was satisfied with the better-tasting red cod fillets, ended up in agreement to supply the Courtenay Place restaurant (and eventually several other New Zealand restaurants) with the red cod fillets. The similar-tasting hoki was substituted several years later, due to its competitive market value and its boneless fillets, and eventually was introduced widely in the early 1990s when global pollock stocks were facing low numbers.[11] McDonald's removed the Filet-O-Fish from its menus in the United States on September 26, 1996,[12] and replaced with the Fish Filet Deluxe sandwich, which was part of McDonald's ill-fated Deluxe line of sandwiches. However, the Filet-O-Fish was brought back to its menus on March 22, 1998 due to overwhelming letters and petitions, receiving the larger fish patty from the Fish Filet Deluxe.[13]

In November 2007, McDonald's lowered the use of New Zealand hoki and increased the use of Alaskan pollock,[14] due to declining New Zealand hoki fishery sustainability and large cutbacks in the total allowable commercial catch of hoki by the New Zealand Ministry of Fisheries - from 250,000 tonnes in 1997 to 90,000 tonnes in 2007.[15] McDonald's originally used Atlantic cod, before declining cod catches forced McDonald's to find sustainable fish elsewhere. McDonald's is trying to maintain fish only from areas certified as sustainable by the Marine Stewardship Council, but that is becoming more difficult each year. Hoki is no longer an ingredient as of 2013, since McDonalds lists only pollock as the type of fish used.[16]

As of March 2009, the Marine Stewardship Council[17] placed the Alaskan pollock fisheries in a re-assessment program[18] due to catch numbers declining by over 30% between 2005 and 2008, and by-catch problems with salmon.

As of January 2013 the Marine Stewardship Council stated that the pollock comes from suppliers with sustainable fishing practices, and McDonald's packaging/promotion will reflect that change.[19]

In February 2015, for a limited time, McDonald's began offering a special Filet-O-Fish with Old Bay Seasoning in 700 stores within the United States[20]

Product marketing

Captain Crook, the McDonaldland character, was previously used to market the sandwich to children.

References

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Vorlage:McDonald's

  1. ↑ Filet-O-Fish. McDonalds.com, abgerufen am 21. Dezember 2014.
  2. ↑ McDonalds New Zealand. In: McDonalds NZ. McDonalds, 25. Oktober 2014, abgerufen am 25. Oktober 2014.
  3. ↑ why is the fillet o fish served with half a slice of cheese, dont lie bcuz i have photgraphic evidence. In: Our food. Your questions :: McDonalds.ca.
  4. ↑ Why is the cheese slice on a filet-o-fish a tiny sliver? In: Our food. Your questions :: McDonalds.ca.
  5. ↑ Why do you only use half a cheese slice in your Filet-O-Fish sandwiches? Has it always been this way? In: Our food. Your questions :: McDonalds.ca.
  6. ↑ Craig Smith: North Sea Cod Crisis Brings Call for Nations to Act In: New York Times, November 7, 2002. Abgerufen am 30. Dezember 2010 
  7. ↑ a b c Paul Clark: No fish story: Sandwich saved his McDonald's, USA Today, February 20, 2007. Abgerufen am 30. Dezember 2010 
  8. ↑ Buying Kosher Fish. In: Chabad.org.
  9. ↑ Jacques Pepin: Burger Meister RAY KROC In: Time, December 7, 1998. Abgerufen am 30. Dezember 2010 
  10. ↑ n/a n/a: Travel Through Time With Us! McDonald's Corporate, abgerufen am 30. Dezember 2010.
  11. ↑ Rosemary Hepözden, in co-op with McDonald's Restaurants (NZ) Ltd: Golden Arches under Southern Skies: Celebrating 35 years of McDonald's in New Zealand. Hrsg.: Brian O'Flaherty. Renaissance Publishing, Auckland 2011, ISBN 978-0-9864521-1-6, S. 78–79.
  12. ↑ Sarasota Herald-Tribune - Google News Archive Search. news.google.com, abgerufen am 26. Januar 2014.
  13. ↑ Charlotte: Search Results, nl.newsbank.com, 22. März 1998. Abgerufen am 26. Januar 2014 
  14. ↑ Find The Answer :: McDonalds.co.uk. makeupyourownmind.co.uk, abgerufen am 26. Januar 2014.
  15. ↑ Bill Moore: Hoki fishery rebuilt, quota to rise, says minister, Nelson Mail, June 28, 2011. Abgerufen im July 27, 2011 
  16. ↑ Daily Finance Article. In: DailyFinance.com. 11. September 2009;.
  17. ↑ Alaska Pollock- Gulf of Alaska — MSC. Msc.org, abgerufen am 3. Oktober 2013.
  18. ↑ J Rice, D Bowen, S Hanna, P Knapman: Surveillance Report – Gulf of Alaska Pollock Fishery. Moody Marine, 12. November 2008, abgerufen am 26. Januar 2014.
  19. ↑ The Associated Press: McDonald's fish to carry 'sustainable' labeling, NY Daily News, 25. Januar 2013. Abgerufen am 3. Oktober 2013 
  20. ↑ McDonald’s launches special Filet-O-Fish with Old Bay seasoning in an attempt to spice up sales in the Mid-Atlantic. In: MailOnline.
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