Teresa Wilms Montt

Teresa Wilms Montt

María Teresa de las Mercedes Wilms Montt, auch bekannt unter ihrem französischen Namen Thérèse Wilms Montt und unter den Pseudonymen Tebal and Teresa de la Cruz (* 8. September 1893 in Viña del Mar, Chile; † 24. Dezember 1921 in Paris), war eine chilenische Schriftstellerin, Dichterin und Anarchafeministin. Sie wurde als embodying sexual aberrance and social prophesy charakterisiert. Sie war mit Schriftstellern wie Ramón Gómez de la Serna, Enrique Gómez Carrillo, Joaquín Edwards Bello, Víctor Domingo Silva und Ramón María del Valle-Inclán befreundet.

Biography

A scion of the Montt family, she was born in Viña del Mar, Chile, to Luz Victoria Montt y Montt and Federico Guillermo Wilms y Brieba. She was the couple's second daughter, and she had seven sisters. Educated by governesses and private tutors, she married Gustavo Balmaceda Valdés at the age of 17, against the will of her family. They had two children, Elisa "Chita" (1911) and Sylvia Luz (1913).

In Santiago, she joined the city's active cultural life.

Between 1912 and 1915, they resided in Iquique because of her husband's work. It was here that she began her relationship with feminists, trade unionists, and even Masons, and became associated with nascent reformist movements. She used the pseudonym Tebal when she was first published in the Iquique newspaper. After her husband returned to Santiago he discovered the affair which Wilms Montt had with his cousin, Vicente Zañartu Balmaceda. Because of it, the men of the Balmaceda Valdés family held a 'family court' in 1915, and decided Wilms Montt's punishment would be to spend time at the Convento de la Preciosa Sangre. Here, she kept a diary and, depressed, made her first suicide attempt on March 29, 1916.

In June 1916, Vicente Huidobro helped her escape from the convent and she fled with him to Buenos Aires. The city's cosmopolitan intellectual circle had a positive effect on her, she became acquainted with writers Victoria Ocampo, Jorge Borges, and feminist-fashionista "Pele" Pelegrina Pastorino. The following year, she published Inquietudes Sentimentales, which was followed by Los Tres Cantos, where she explored eroticism and spirituality. After an admirer, Horacio Ramos Mejía, committed suicide in Wilms Montt's home, she left for New York City during World War I, but, after being accused of being a German spy, she was deported to Spain. Here, she became the muse of Julio Romero de Torres, who introduced her to the writers Gómez de la Serna, Gómez Carrillo, and Ramón Valle-Inclán. In Madrid, using the pseudonym Teresa de la Cruz, she published "En la Quietud del Mármol" and "Anuarí". Her travels took her to London and Paris, but she resided in Madrid. She was reunited with her daughters in Paris in 1920 after 5 years of separation through the efforts of her father, who was on a diplomatic mission. However, the pain of separating from them again when they returned to Chile led to a terrible depression.

She committed suicide at the Hotel Laenaec in Paris on 24 December 1921, from an overdose of Veronal at the age of 28 years. She is buried in the famous Père Lachaise Cemetery.

Her life is remembered in the 2009 film Teresa: Crucificada por amar by director Tatiana Gaviola.

Published works

• Inquietudes sentimentales, Buenos Aires, 1917, Vorlage:ISBN
• Los tres cantos, Buenos Aires, 1917
• En la quietud del mármol, Casa Ed. Blanco, Madrid, 1918; translated as In the Stillness of Marble, Snuggly Books, 2019
• Anuarí, Casa Ed. Blanco, Madrid, 1919
• Cuentos para hombres que son todavía niños, Buenos Aires, Argentina, 1919
• Lo que no se ha dicho, antología, Editorial Nascimento, Santiago de Chile, 1922, Vorlage:ISBN
• Obras completas, compilada por Ruth González-Vergara, Editorial Grijalbo, Barcelona, 1994

Gallery

• 
  Teresa Wilms Montt.
• 
  Teresa Wilms Montt (1914).
• 
  Portrait of Teresa Wilms Montt, by Julio Romero de Torres.
• 
  Portrait of Teresa Wilms Montt.

External links

• Teresa Wilms Montt @ Memoria Chilena, Biblioteca Nacional de Chile

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wilms Montt, Teresa}}
[[Category:1893 births]]
[[Category:1921 suicides]]
[[Category:People from Valparaíso Province]]
[[Category:Anarcha-feminists]]
[[Category:Barbiturates-related deaths]]
[[Category:Chilean agnostics]]
[[Category:Chilean anarchists]]
[[Category:Chilean people of Catalan descent]]
[[Category:Chilean people of German descent]]
[[Category:Drug-related suicides in France]]
[[Category:Montt family]]
[[Category:Women diarists]]
[[Category:Chilean women poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean poets]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean women writers]]
[[Category:20th-century Chilean non-fiction writers]]
[[Category:Chilean feminist writers]]
[[Category:20th-century diarists]]