Tiwa-Sprachen
Vorlage:Infobox Language Tiwa (Spanish Tigua, also E-nagh-magh[1]) is a group of two, possibly three, related Kiowa-Tanoan languages spoken by the Tiwa Pueblo, and possibly Piro Pueblo, groups in the U.S. state of New Mexico.
Subfamily members and relations
Southern Tiwa is spoken in Isleta Pueblo and Sandia Pueblo and was formerly spoken in Tigua Pueblo.
The remaining two languages form a subgrouping known as Northern Tiwa. Northern Tiwa consists of Taos spoken in Taos Pueblo and Picuris spoken in Picuris Pueblo.
Piro
An extinct language, Piro (Piro Pueblo), was formerly spoken in the more than twenty pueblos near Socorro, New Mexico.[2] It is poorly attested.[3] This language has sometimes been connected to the Tiwa language subfamily.[4][5] However, most others have placed it on a separate branch within Kiowa-Tanoan.[6] William Leap has even contested that Piro is related to the other Kiowa-Tanoan family languages.[7]
History
After the Pueblo Revolt against the Spanish Conquistadors in 1680, some of the Tigua and Piro fled south with the Spanish to El Paso del Norte (present-day Ciudad Juárez, Mexico). There they founded Ysleta, Texas, Socorro, Texas and Senecú del Sur[8] where their descendants live to this day.[9]
See also
- Kiowa-Tanoan languages
- Tanoan languages
- Taos language
- Picuris language
- Southern Tiwa language
- Piro language
- Jornada del Muerto
Notes
External links
- ↑ Lane in Schoolcraft, Henry Rowe (1851-1883) Historical and statistical information respecting the history, condition, and prospects of the Indian tribes of the United States; collected and prepared under the direction of the Bureau of Indian Affairs per act of Congress of March 3rd, 1847 Lippincott, Philadelphia, OCLC 6202862
- ↑ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.563
- ↑ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.567
- ↑ Newman, Stanley (1954) "American Indian Linguistics in the Southwest" American Anthropologist New Series, 56(4): pp. 626-634, 631
- ↑ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.594
- ↑ Harrington, John P. (1909) "Notes on the Piro Language" American Anthropologist New Series, 11, (4): pp. 563-594, p.566-567
- ↑ Leap, William L. (1971) "Who Were the Piro?" Anthropological Linguistics 13: pp. 321-330
- ↑ Marshall, Michael P. and Walt, Henry J., (1984) "Chapter 11: Pre-Revolt Place Names: Senecú" Rio Abajo: Prehistory and History of a Rio Grande Province New Mexico Historic Preservation Division, Santa Fe, p. 252, OCLC 11553460
- ↑ Eickhoff, Randy Lee (1996) Exiled: The Tigua Indians of Ysleta del Sur Republic of Texas Press, Plano, Texas, ISBN 1-55622-507-5