Posthuman
Als posthuman bezeichnet man den (bisher relativ fiktiven) Zustand des Menschen, der sich durch kybernetische Implantate, Interfaces, Prothesen oder durch vollständige Digitalisierung des Geistes vom rein biologisch determinierten zum technologischen Mischwesen transformiert hat.
Implizit handelt es sich um die Auseinandersetzung mit (und letztlich Überwindung von) Krankheiten, Sterblichkeit, Körperlichkeit, räumlichen Grenzen, gedanklichen Dimensionen.
Im Bereich der Science-Fiction beschäftigen sich u.A. folgende Autoren (explizit oder implizit) in ihren Werken damit:
Auswahlbibliographie
- Isaac Asimov, Charles Waugh, Martin Greenberg (eds.), Supermen (1984; London: Robinson Publishing, 1988)
- Zygmunt Bauman, Mortality, immortality and other life strategies (dt.) Tod, Unsterblichkeit und andere Lebensstrategien (Frankfurt am Main: Fischer Taschenbuch Verl., 1994)
- David Bell & Barbara M. Kennedy (eds. and intro.), The Cybercultures Reader (London, New York: Routledge, 2000)
- Mervin F. Bendle, “Teleportation, Cyborgs and the Posthuman Ideology.” Social Semiotics, 12:1, 2002
- J. Brooks Bouson, “ 'It's Game Over Forever': Atwood's Satiric Vision of a Bioengineered Posthuman Future in Oryx and Crake.” Journal of Commonwealth Literature (JCL) 39:3 (2004) pp. 139-56.
- Joan Broadhurst Dixon & Eric J. Cassidy (eds.), Virtual Futures. Cyberotics, Technology and Post-Human Pragmatism (London and New York: Routledge, 1998)
- Damien Broderick, Reading by Starlight – Postmodern Science Fiction (London & NY: Routledge, 1995)
- Pat Cadigan (ed.), The Ultimate Cyberpunk (New York: ibooks / Simon & Schuster, 2002)
- Dani Cavallaro, Cyberpunk and Cyberculture – Science Fiction and the Work of William Gibson (London & New Brunswick, NJ: The Athlone Press, 2000)
- Stephen R. L. Clark, How to live forever – Science Fiction and Philosophy (London & New York: Routledge, 1995)
- Stephen Dougherty, “Culture in the Disk Drive: Computationalism, Memetics, and the Rise of Posthumanism.” Diacritics: A Review of Contemporary Criticism, 31:4 (2001) pp. 85-102
- Gardner Dozois (ed.), Supermen – Tales of the Posthuman Future (New York: St. Martin’s Griffin, 2002) - Anthologie
- Ross Farnell, “Attempting Immortality: AI, A-Life, and the Posthuman in Greg Egan's Permutation City.” Science Fiction Studies, 27:1 [80] (2000 Mar), pp. 69-91
- Bernd Flessner (ed.), Nach dem Menschen – der Mythos einer zweiten Schöpfung und das Entstehen einer posthumanen Kultur (Freiburg im Breisgau: Rombach, 2000)
- Francis Fukuyama, Our posthuman future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution (dt.) Das Ende des Menschen (Stuttgart: Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2002)
- Jill Galvan, “Entering the Posthuman Collective in Philip K. Dick's Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?” Science Fiction Studies 24:3 [73] (1997 Nov), pp. 413-29
- Elaine L. Graham, Representations of the post/human – Monsters, aliens and others in popular culture (Manchester: MUP, 2002)
- Chris Hables Gray, Cyborg Citizen – Politics in the Posthuman Age (New York: Routledge, 2001)
- Chris Hables Gray et al. (ed.), The Cyborg Handbook (New York: Routledge, 1995)
- Judith Halberstam & Ira Livingston (eds.), Posthuman Bodies (Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana UP, 1995)
- Alan Harrington, The Immortalist – How Science Could Give Humanity Eternal Life (1969; London: ABACUS, 1979)
- John Harris, Clones, Genes, and Immortality – Ethics and the Genetic Revolution (1992; Oxford & NY: OUP, 1998)
- N. Katherine Hayles, “Interrogating the Posthuman Body.” Contemporary Literature, 38:4 (1997) pp. 755-62
———–, How We Became Posthuman – Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics (Chicago & London: The University of Chicago Press, 1999)
———–, “Refiguring the Posthuman.” Comparative Literature Studies, 41:3 (2004), pp. 311-316
- Karl Kegler (ed.), Der künstliche Mensch: Körper und Intelligenz im Zeitalter ihrer technischen Reproduzierbarkeit (Köln: Böhlau, 2002)
- Nerina Kioseoglou, “ 'Wishes of Man': Exploring Problems of Identity in Times of Change, as Reflected in Science Fiction Drawing Upon Themes of Biotechnology,” In: Domna Pastourmatzi (ed.& intro.), Biotechnological and Medical Themes in Science Fiction (Thessaloníki: University Studio, 2002), 406-12
- Oliver Krüger (Diss.), Virtualität und Unsterblichkeit - Die Visionen des Posthumanismus (Freiburg: Rombach Verlag, 2004)
- Tama Leaver, “'The Infinite Plasticity of the Digital': Posthuman Possibilities, Embodiment and Technology in William Gibson's Interstitial Trilogy.” Reconstruction 4:3 (2004); http://www.reconstruction.ws/043/leaver.htm
———–, “Iatrogenic Permutations: From Digital Genesis to the Artificial Other.” Comparative Literature Studies, 41:3 (2004) pp. 424-35
- Stanisław Lem, Summa technologiae (1964; Berlin: Volk und Welt, 1980)
- Lutz Marz, “Mensch, Maschine, Moderne – Zur diskursiven Karriere der posthumanen Vernunft.” Veröffentlichungsreihe der Abteilung Organisation und Technikgenese des Forschungsschwerpunkts Technik-Arbeit-Umwelt des Wissenschaftszentrums Berlin für Sozialforschung, FS II 93-107; (1993) pp. 1-95; ibid: „Das Leitbild der posthumanen Vernunft – Zur diskursiven Technikfolgenabschätzung der Künstlichen Intelligenz.“ FS II 93-111, pp. 1-75
- Larry McCaffery (ed.), Storming the Reality Studio – A Casebook of Cyberpunk and Postmodern Science Fiction (Durham & London: Duke UP, 1991)
- Floyd Merrell, Sensing Corporeally: Toward a Posthuman Understanding (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2003)
- Marvin Minsky, The Society of Mind (London: Heinemann, 1986)
- Vincent Moore, “Bibliography of Posthuman Theory & Critical Resources.” Bulletin of Bibliography, 56:3 (1999) pp. 127-36
- Hans Moravec, Mind Children: The Future of Robot and Human Intelligence (Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1988)
- Daniel T. O’Hara, “Neither Gods nor Monsters: An Untimely Critique of the ‘Post/Human’ Imagination,” boundary 2, 30:3 (2003) pp.107-122
- Robert Pepperell & Michael Punt, The Postdigital Membrane: Imagination, Technology and Desire (Bristol: Intellect Books, 2000)
- Robert Pepperell, The Posthuman Condition: Consciousness beyond the Brain (1995; Bristol: Intellect, 2002) [incl.: “The Posthuman Manifesto”]
- “Post·hum·an·ous”, Special Issue of: Reconstruction, 4:3 (2004) —
http://www.reconstruction.ws/043/TOC.HTM
- Hans Julius Schneider (ed.), Metapher, Kognition, Künstliche Intelligenz (München: Fink, 1996)
- George Slusser, Gary Westfahl, Eric S. Rabkin (eds.), Immortal Engines – Life Extension and Immortality in Science Fiction and Fantasy (1992; Athens, Georgia and London: The University of Georgia Press, 1996)
- Bruce Sterling, (ed.), Mirrorshades – The Cyberpunk Anthology (New York: Ace, 1986)
- Frank J. Tipler, The physics of immortality (dt.) Die Physik der Unsterblichkeit: Moderne Kosmologie, Gott und die Auferstehung der Toten (München: Piper, 1994)
- Raimar Zons, Die Zeit des Menschen – Kritik des Posthumanismus (Frankfurt: Suhrkamp, 2001)
LINKS
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthuman
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posthuman_%28Human_evolution%29*
- http://www.posthuman.com
- http://posthumanisms.blogspot.com
- http://www.incipientposthuman.com
- http://www.maxmore.com
- http://www.philipkdick.com
- http://www.aleph.se/Trans/Global/Posthumanity
- http://www.philolex.de/unsterbl.htm
- http://www.aetheronline.com/mario/Eye-Openers/posthumanism.htm
- http://www.rhizomes.net/issue7/callus.htm