Fagradalsfjall (Reykjanesskagi)
Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Use American English Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Infobox mountain
Fagradalsfjall (Vorlage:IPA-is) is a shield volcano and tuya with multiple prominences located on the Reykjanes Peninsula,[1] around Vorlage:Convert from Reykjavík, Iceland.[2] Its highest summit is Langhóll (385 m / 391 m).[3] A volcanic eruption began on 19 March 2021 in Geldingadalir to the south of Fagradalsfjall,[4] which Vorlage:As of is still spilling fresh lava.
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The name is a compound of the Icelandic words fagur ("beautiful"), dalur ("valley") and fjall ("mountain").
Tectonic setting
Fagradalsfjall is a vent of the Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcanic system in the Southern Peninsula.[5] It is situated within a zone of active rifting in a divergent boundary between the Eurasian and North American plates.
2020–21 activity at Geldingadalir
Beginning December 2019 and into March 2021, a swarm of earthquakes, two of which reached magnitude 5.6, rocked the Reykjanes peninsula, sparking concerns that an eruption was imminent.[6][7][8] The earthquakes were thought to have been triggered by dyke intrusions and magma moving under the peninsula.[9] Minor damage to homes from the February 4 magnitude 5.6 earthquake was reported.[10] In the three weeks prior to the eruption, more than 40,000 tremors were recorded by seismographs.[11]
Eruption
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On 19 March 2021, an effusive eruption started just before 9:30 PM local time in Geldingadalir ("wether valleys", the singular "Geldingadalur" is also often used)[12] to the south of Fagradalsfjall,[4] the first known eruption on the peninsula in about 800 years. Fagradalsfjall has been dormant for 6,000 years.[13][14] The eruptive activity was first announced by the Icelandic Meteorological Office at 9:40 PM.[15] Reports stated a Vorlage:Convert fissure vent began ejecting lava,[16] which covered an area of less than Vorlage:Convert. Vorlage:As of, the lava flows posed no threat to residents, as the area is mostly uninhabited, although there is potential for sulfur dioxide pollution.[2] The new eruption has been called Geldingadalsgos ("Geldingadalur eruption").[17]
The eruption may be a shield volcano eruption,[18] meaning that it may last for several years.[18] It is visible from the suburbs of the capital city of Reykjavík.[19]
Visitors flocked to the area.[20] On 23 March the area had to be vacated due to volcanic gases.[21]
1943 accident
On 3 May 1943, LTG Frank Maxwell Andrews, a US Army senior officer and founder of the United States Army Air Forces, along with fourteen others were killed when their B-24 aircraft Hot Stuff crashed into the side of the mountain.[22][23]
See also
References
External links
- A volcanic eruption has begun — Icelandic Met Office
- Video by Icelandic Meteorological Office taken a few hours after the eruption started
- Live video of the March 2021 eruption
- ↑ Iceland volcano: Eruption under way in Fagradalsfjall, near Reykjavik In: The Guardian, 20 March 2021
- ↑ a b "Small" volcanic eruption in Iceland lights up night sky near Reykjavik, 20 March 2021
- ↑ Grunnkort / basemap, atlas
- ↑ a b Upptök gossins eru í Geldingadal. In: www.mbl.is. Abgerufen am 21. März 2021 (isländisch).
- ↑ Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja. In: Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes. Abgerufen am 20. März 2021.
- ↑ Elian Peltier: In Iceland, 18,000 earthquakes over days signal possible eruption on the horizon In: The New York Times, 4 March 2021. Abgerufen im 20 March 2021
- ↑ M 5.6 - 11 km SW of Álftanes, Iceland. In: USGS-ANSS. USGS, abgerufen am 20. März 2021.
- ↑ M 5.6 - 6 km SE of Vogar, Iceland. In: USGS-ANSS. USGS, abgerufen am 20. März 2021.
- ↑ Vala Hafstað: Earthquakes on Reykjanes peninsula explained, 18 March 2021. Abgerufen im 20 March 2021
- ↑ Jón Frímann: Earthquake with magnitude 5,7 in Reykjanes volcano (update at 12:28 UTC). In: Iceland Geology. Iceland Geology, 24. Februar 2021, abgerufen am 20. März 2021.
- ↑ Volcano erupts near Iceland's capital Reykjavik, BBC, 20 March 2021
- ↑ Aukagígur sækir í sig veðrið. In: www.mbl.is. Abgerufen am 24. März 2021 (isländisch).
- ↑ Long dormant volcano comes to life in southwestern Iceland In: US News, 19 March 2021. Abgerufen im 20 March 2021
- ↑ Vala Hafstað: ‘Best possible location’ for eruption, 20 March 2021
- ↑ Andie Sophia Fontaine: Eruption at Fagradalsfjall, 19 March 2021. Abgerufen im 20 March 2021
- ↑ Alexander Elliott: Volcanic eruption: What we know so far, 19 March 2021. Abgerufen im 20 March 2021
- ↑ Vorlage:Cite media
- ↑ a b Vísbendingar um dyngjugos sem getur varað í ár. In: www.mbl.is. Abgerufen am 24. März 2021 (isländisch).
- ↑ Gosið sést vel af höfuðborgarsvæðinu. In: www.mbl.is. Abgerufen am 24. März 2021 (isländisch).
- ↑ „Þetta er hálfgerð Þjóðhátíð hérna“. In: www.mbl.is. Abgerufen am 24. März 2021 (isländisch).
- ↑ Fólk streymdi að þrátt fyrir lokun. In: www.mbl.is. Abgerufen am 24. März 2021 (isländisch).
- ↑ Mt Fagradalsfjall. In: Visit Reykjanes. Abgerufen am 20. März 2021.
- ↑ Bill Yenne: Hit the Target: Eight men who led the Eighth Air Force to victory over the Luftwaffe. Penguin Group, 2015, ISBN 978-0-698-15501-5, S. 184 (google.co.uk).