Şehzade Ömer Faruk

Şehzade Ömer Faruk (Vorlage:Lang-ota; 27 February 1898 - 28 March 1969) was an Ottoman prince, the son of last caliph of Muslim world Abdulmejid II and Şehsuvar Hanım. He was the imperial son-in-law of Sultan Mehmed VI of the Ottoman Empire.

Early life

Şehzade Ömer Faruk was born on 27 February 1898 in Ortaköy Palace. Vorlage:Sfn He was the son of last caliph of the Muslim world Abdulmejid II and his wife Şehsuvar Hanım. He was the elder half-brother of Dürrüşehvar Sultan. He was the grandson of Abdulaziz and Hayranidil Kadın.

Education

For his early education, he was sent to Galatasaray Lycée, his father Abdulmejid spoke French and had the connection with the school through a close Tevfik Efendi. Ömer Faruk application was prepared Salih Keramet Bey, the son Ottoman poet Nigar Hanım. Salih Kermat Bey had given private lessons to the prince. Vorlage:Sfn

Ömer Faruk Efendi attended the Galatasaray Lycée for a few  years, until it was decided that he should have a more serious  vocational training, and at the age of eleven he was sent to Europe. He was to have a military education, and, as was common  practice with princes at the time, he attended the school created by the Empress Maria Theresa in Vienna in 1751, the Theresianum Military Academy. Vorlage:Sfn Şehzade Ömer Faruk spoke English, German and French with a German accent, his German was as adequate as his Turkish. Vorlage:Sfn

After a visit to the Hırka-ı Saadet, the Chamber of the Blessed Mantle in the Topkapı Palace, where lengthy prayers were said, he made his way to Vienna. Salih Keramet Bey accompanied him and settled him into the academy. He spent several years there, undergoing military training that also included extracurricular courses in basket-weaving, carpentry, masonry, construction works, metalworking, and other manual skills. Vorlage:Sfn But for more rigorous, iron-fisted and disciplined training, Ömer Faruk was transferred from Vienna to Potsdam Military Academy in Prussia. Vorlage:Sfn The transfer idea was of Ismail Enver Pasha, the most powerful man of Ottoman Empire. Vorlage:Sfn

Enver Pasha wanted young şehzades should receive a military education, and for this purpose he allocated the Palace of Ihlamur as the Şehzadegan Mektebi (the Princes’ School). It became compulsory for all şehzades below the age of fifteen to attend this school. Here besides their military training they were taught literature, history, religion, mathematics, and geometry. Şehzade Ömer Faruk and Abdulmejid I's grandson Şehzade Mehmed Şerefeddin, who was the brother of Naciye Sultan, who was Enver Pasha's wife, the two princes were transferred to Germany strong military training. The ministry of war issued a Decree for the education for the two princes Vorlage:Sfn

Ömer Faruk Efendi graduated from the Prussian Military Academy in Potsdam as a professional Prussian officer. His demeanour reflected his strict German education, and until his death he remained a severe soldier but only in appearance, as deep down he was a romantic at heart, and he never gave up his Turkish habits. Vorlage:Sfn

Participation in World War I

During World War I, Ömer Faruk fought for the Germans. The şehzade was sent to Galicia, and from there to Verdun, where he was assigned to the battlefield and where the battles with the French were quite bloody. He fought like a professional soldier, and Kaiser Wilhelm II granted him first the Red Eagle medal, then the Iron Cross of the First Degree. The Kaiser sent a golden cigarette case, as well as a signed photograph of himself together with the medal. Vorlage:Sfn

When the Germans lost the battle at Verdun, Ömer Faruk returned to Potsdam, where he was appointed to the German emperor’s First Foot Guards Regiment. The two requirements for enrolment in this regiment were that one must belong to one of the most aristocratic families in Germany and be taller than 1.9 meters. Every Prussian prince was registered as an officer in this regiment from the age of ten, but those short in height would not take part in the parades. The şehzade was accepted into the regiment despite being only 1.85 meters tall. He was the shortest among his colleagues, yet he took part in all the parades in front of the kaiser. Vorlage:Sfn In addition to being a successful soldier and one of the members of the Ottoman Dynasty, Şehzade Ömer Faruk, one of the most important sportsmen of his period, chaired the Fenerbahçe Sports Club for a total of 5 years between 1919-1924.

Personal life

First marriage

Sabiha and her husband, Ömer Faruk

Şehzade Ömer Faruk and Sabiha Sultan, the daughter of Mehmed VI, the last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, were in love with each other. When Abdulmejid asked Sabiha's hand in marriage for his son, Mehmed flatly refused as there was no such thing as a marriage between cousins.Vorlage:Sfn His mother Şehsuvar, called on Nazkieda, and succeeded in convincing her.Vorlage:Sfn

The marriage took place on 5 December 1919,Vorlage:Sfn in the pavilion of the sacred relics, Topkapı Palace. The marriage was performed by Şeyhülislam Hayrizade Ibrahim Efendi. Sabiha Sultan's deputy was Başkatip Ali Fuad Bey, and Ömer Faruk's deputy was Ömer Yaver Pasha.Vorlage:Sfn The wedding reception took place four months later on 29 April 1920 at the Yıldız Palace.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn

In May 1920, ten days after their wedding, Faruk and Sabiha moved to the mansion of Rumelihisarı. In October of the same year, Mehmed VI bought two houses for his daughtersVorlage:Sfn in Nişantaşı.Vorlage:Sfn The mansions were known as the Twin Palaces. He gave one house to Ulviye Sultan, and the other to Sabiha. Faruk and Sabiha decided to live in Nişantaşı during the winter and Rumelihisarı in the summer.Vorlage:Sfn

Issue and exile

The couple's eldest daughter, Fatma Neslişah Sultan was born on 4 November 1921 in the Nişantaşı Palace.Vorlage:Sfn She was followed two years later by Zehra Hanzade Sultan, born on 19 September 1923 in the Dolmabahçe Palace.Vorlage:Sfn

At the exile of the imperial family in March 1924, Ömer Faruk and his wife and daughters and his parents firstly settled in Switzerland and later in France Vorlage:Sfn Later they moved to Nice, where her youngest daughter Necla Hibetullah Sultan was born on 15 May 1926.

In 1940, he attended the wedding of her daughter, Neslişah Sultan and Prince Mohamed Abdel Moneim, son of Egypt's last khedive Abbas Hilmi II.Vorlage:SfnVorlage:Sfn His two other daughters, Hanzade Sultan, and Necla Sultan also married Egyptian princes, Mehmed Ali Ibrahim in 1940, and Amr Ibrahim in 1943 respectively.

Divorce and second marriage

Ömer Faruk developed an increased interest in his cousin Mihrişah Sultan, the daughter of crown prince Şehzade Yusuf Izzeddin. It was also a public knowledge that things weren't going well between Faruk and Sabiha.Vorlage:Sfn

In 1944, Mihrişah even sided with Faruk when the council chose Prince Ahmed Nihad as the head of the family. While Sabiha backed the council's decision and approved the choice of the leader.Vorlage:Sfn Her daughters also sided with her. Faruk accused Sabiha of turning their daughters against him. But he was already in love with Mihrişah and the issue of the council was just an excuse.Vorlage:Sfn

Faruk divorced Sabiha on 5 March 1948, after twenty eight years of marriage,Vorlage:Sfn and just four months later married Mihrişah in a religious ceremony on 31 July 1948. In the prenuptial agreement she asked that the right to divorce her husband be included in the contract.Vorlage:Sfn

However, their marriage did not last and a few years later, Mihrişah divorced Faruk using her right to divorce her husband. Later Faruk would tell his friends "I divorced the most beautiful woman in the world to marry the ugliest one. Fate!"Vorlage:Sfn

Death

Şehzade Ömer Faruk died on 28 March 1969 in Cairo, Egypt, his body was taken back to Istanbul and was buried in Mahmud II Mausoleum.

Sources

• Necdet Sakaoğlu: Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Yayıncılık, 2008, ISBN 978-975-329-623-6. 
• Murat Bardakçı: Neslishah: The Last Ottoman Princess. Oxford University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-977-416-837-6. 
• Leyla Açba: Bir Çerkes prensesinin harem hatıraları. L & M, 2004, ISBN 978-975-6491-31-7.