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Indian Police Service

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Indian Police Service
Emblem of India
Emblem of India
Service Overview
Establishment 1948
Country India
Training Ground Sardar Vallabhai Patel National Police Academy
Controlling Authority Ministry of Home Affairs
Cadre Size Three Thousand Five Hundered Forty-Nine Posts
Colour Dark Blue and Red
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Headquarters Ministry of Home Affairs, New Delhi
Personnel
Director Intelligence Bureau (IB)

The Indian Police Service (IPS) (Devanāgarī: भारतीय पुलिस सेवा Bhāratīya Polīce Sevā), simply known as Indian Police or IPS, is one of the three All India Services of the Government of India; other two being the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) and Indian Forest Service (IFS).[1]

In 1948, a year after India gained independence from Britain, the Imperial Police (IP) was replaced by the Indian Police Service (IPS).

Objectives

Armored vehicles and personnel of the Mumbai Police Force.
Greater Chennai Police patrol car.

The First Police Commission, appointed on 17th August, 1860, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India and defined police as a governmental department to maintain order, enforce the law, and prevent and detect crime. With the passage of time India Police Service's objectives were updated and redefined, the roles and functions of an Indian Police Service Officer are as follows:


  • Last but not the least, to lead and command the force with courage, uprightness, dedication and a strong sense of service to the people.
  • Endeavour to inculcate in the police forces under their command such values and norms as would help them serve the people better.
  • Inculcate integrity of the highest order, sensitivity to aspirations of people in a fast-changing social and economic milieu, respect for human rights, broad liberal perspective of law and justice and high standard of professionalism.

History

The term ‘Police’ broadly connotes the purposeful maintenance of public order and protection of persons and property from the hazards of public accidents and the commission of unlawful acts. A popular belief is that the Indian Police System is a creation of the British rule in India but a study of the ancient Indian history shows the origin and development of the law enforcement institutions since the Vedic period. Kautilya, who established an elaborate system of policing and laid down several grades of bureaucracy, could rightly be called the father of the modern concept of police.

The police as a department had become a well established administrative institution during the Mauryan Empire. With the passage of time, the police responsibility widened and different organisations had to be necessarily created in order to effectively implement the law and enforce order, and bring the criminals to justice. Principles of internal security, the moral and ethical responsibilities of the king and the system of policing developed in ancient towns and villages were effectively followed and improved by the successive Hindu kings.

With the advent of the Mughals, policing became a subsidiary aspect of the conqueror’s stratagic, military and revenue requirements. The age-old community based policing was largely replaced by a mercenary and exotic group of people with official patronage. Even then, community policing, either through the medium of the landlords or through the village level panchayats and analogous bodies persisted to a certain extent.

The first hundred years of British rule in India saw a number of remarkable changes in the system of criminal justice administration. With the East India Company’s interference in the country’s administration, laws were revised to suit the imperial needs. Warren Hastings suggested the first major amendments in 1772, when he prepared a detailed note indicating the remedial measures necessary to maintain law and order in Bengal. His report was later amended from time to time but the basic features are still discernible.

Report of The First Police Commission, appointed on 17th August, 1860, contained detailed guidelines for the desired system of police in India. The Second Police Commission (1902-1903) went into details of the organisational structure of police at the district level, functioning of the railway police and the river police, recruitment, training and pay structure of different subordinate ranks of police.

The British contribution was to put the system of policing on a professional footing and to bring about a large measure of uniformity in its laws, procedures and practices.The Present Policing System in the country is based on the Police Act of 1861.

Prior to Independence, superior police officers belonged to the Indian (Imperial) Police appointed by the Secretary of State on the basis of competitive examination. The first open competition for the service was held in England in June, 1893 and the top ten candidates were appointed as probationers of the Indian Police.It is not possible to pinpoint a date on which it could positively be claimed that the Indian Police came into being. However, in 1907 the Secretary of State’s officers were directed to wear the letters "IP" on their epaulettes to distinguish them from the other officers not recruited by the Secretary of State. In this sense, 1907 could be regarded as the starting point for the Indian Police.

After Independence, this service was replaced by the present day Indian Police Service (I.P.S.) in 1948.

Reforms Ordered By The Supreme Court (1996-2006)

Prakash Singh, one of the former Directors General of Police of the States of Assam and subsequently Uttar Pradesh and finally DG of Border Security Force (BSF), initiated a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the Supreme Court of India, asking the court to investigate measures to reform the Police Forces across India in order to have proper rule of law and a significantly improved security across India.[2]

Datei:Interceptor.jpg
Delhi Police Highway Patrol near Gurgaon.

Several measures were identified in order to professionalize the police in India:

  • A mid or high ranking police officer must not be transferred more frequently than 2 years
  • The state government cannot ask the police force to hire someone nor can they choose who the Chief Commissioner will be
  • There must be separate departments and staff for investigation and a separate one for patrolling

3 new authorities will be created in each state, to prevent political interference in Police and also to make the Police accountable for their heavy-handedness [3], which will include the creation of:

  • A State Security Commission for policies and direction
  • A Police Establishment Board, which will decide the selection, promotions and transfers of police officers and other staff
  • A Police Complaints Authority, to inquire into allegations of police misconduct.

In 2006, due to a lack of action by all the state governments in India, the supreme court ordered the state governments to report to it why the reform measures outlined were not implemented. [4]

After being questioned in front of the judges of the Supreme Court of India, the state governments are finally starting to reform the police forces and give them the operational independence they need for fearless and proper law enforcement. [5]

Examination And Training

To serve in the Indian Police Service (IPS) one has to pass the Civil Services Examination or elevated from the state cadre, which is conducted by the Union Public Service Commission, every year. This examination is a common examination conducted for selection to the other one of the other All India Services, viz. the Indian Administrative Service, as well as various other Group A and Group B services under the Central Government.

National Police Memorial New Delhi

Civil Services Examination, a three-stage competitive selection process consisting of a preliminary exam, a main exam, and an interview is the only way to get in to IPS like many other civil service body. This Civil Services Examination is administered by the Union Public Service Commission once a year.

At stage one, there is an objective type examination called the Preliminary examination. This is a qualifying examination and only the candidates who clears this can appear for the next stage called the Main examination. In the Main examination each candidate has to select two optional subjects, apart from which all candidates have to take a General Studies, Essay and compulsory language paper and English paper. Preliminary Examination consists of General Studies & Optional 1. On clearing this candidate would be allowed to write mains,which consists of nine papers.

After being selected for the IPS, candidates are allocated to their "Cadres." There is one cadre in each Indian state, except for three joint cadres: Assam-Meghalaya, Manipur-Tripura, and Arunachal Pradesh-Goa-Mizoram-Union Territories (AGMUT).

Designations

Indian Police Service (IPS) Officers Pay Scales, according to the Sixth Central Pay Commission:

Grade Position In The State Government Pay Band Equivalent Position In the State Government or Government Of India (GOI)
Junior Scale Assistant Commissioner of Police 15600-39100 Indian Rupees Plus Grade Pay of 5400 Indian Rupees Deputy Superintendent of Police
Senior Scale Senior Assistant Commissioner of Police 15600-39100 Indian Rupees Plus Grade Pay of 7600 Indian Rupees Superintendent of Police, Under Secretary (R), Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Senior Scale Deputy Commissioner of Police 15600-39100 Indian Rupees Plus Grade Pay of 8700 Indian Rupees Senior Superintendent of Police, Deupty Secretary (R), Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Super Time Scale Additional Commissioner of Police 37400-67000 Indian Rupees Plus Grade Pay of 8900 Indian Rupees Deputy Inspector General of Police, Additional Director (GOI), Director (R), Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Super Time Scale Joint Commissioner of Police 37400-67000 Indian Rupees Plus Grade Pay of 8900 Indian Rupees Inspector General of Police, Commissioner of Police (City), Director (GOI), Joint Secretary (R), Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Above Super Time Scale Special Commissioner of Police 37400-67000 Indian Rupees Plus Grade Pay of 12000 Indian Rupees Additional Director General of Police, Special or Additional Director (GOI), Additional Secretary (R), Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)
Above Super Time Scale(Apex Scale) Commissioner of Police (State) 80000 Indian Rupees Plus Grade Pay Nil Indian Rupees Director General of Police, Director (GOI), Director General (GOI), Secretary (R), Cabinet Secretariat (GOI)

Modern Ranks and Rank Badges

The Indian Police Service (IPS) uses military insignia in its rankings, similar to the United Kingdom (UK) Police.

Datei:Police cap.jpg
Peaked Cap worn by Indian Police Service (IPS) officers.
  • One star above crossed sword and baton
  • Superintendent of Police in selection grade with 13+ years of service
  • Deputy Commissioner of Police (Selection grade)
  • Other officers above selection grade
  • Superintendent of Police in charge of a district
  • Commandant of Battalion
  • Deputy Commissioner of Police
  • Other officer on Junior Administrative Grade with between 9 and 13 years service
  • Other officers on senior time scale with 9 years service or less
  • Additional Superintendant of Police
  • Deputy Commissioner of Police less than 9 years of service
  • Three stars

Ranks Insignia of state police officers (distinct from IPS)

  • Sub-Inspector of Police
  • Assistant Superintendent not in charge of sub-division with between 2 and 4 years service
  • Indian Police Service (IPS) Probationary Rank
  • IPS Officer are first apponited as ASIs when in probatioary period (a time span of 2 years) and in the 3rd year officers are promoted to the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police (DySP) immediately as their probationrary period ends.
  • Assistant Superintendent not in charge of sub-division with less than 2 years service
  • Three chevrons points facing downwards / Navy Blue colored Epaulettes with Three Golden Stripes on the Shoulder
  • Two chevrons points facing downwards / Navy Blue colored Epaulettes with Two Golden Stripes on the Shoulder
  • No rank insignia

See also

References

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Vorlage:India topics Vorlage:Law enforcement in India

  1. ↑ http://persmin.nic.in/ais/ais_index.htm
  2. ↑ Devika Prasad, Caroline Avanzo: Seize the opportunity, The Hindu, 5. November 2006. Abgerufen am 12. September 2007 
  3. ↑ Mobius Strip, Ramesh Ramanathan: http://www.livemint.com/2007/05/07001735/Sohrabbudins-encounter.html, The Wall Street Journal, 7. Mai 2007. Abgerufen am 12. September 2007 
  4. ↑ The Supreme Court takes the lead on police reform: Prakash Singh vs. Union of India. Abgerufen am 12. September 2007.
  5. ↑ Sunrat Das: Board to lend ears to transfer woes, 6. Mai 2007. Abgerufen am 12. September 2007 
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