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Waffenstillstandsabkommen im Bergkarabachkrieg 2020

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Vorlage:Short description Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Expand Armenian Vorlage:Infobox treaty The 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement is an armistice agreement that ended the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war. It was signed on 9 November by the president of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, the prime minister of Armenia, Nikol Pashinyan, and the president of Russia, Vladimir Putin, and ended all hostilities in the Nagorno-Karabakh region from 00:00, 10 November 2020 Moscow time.[1][2] The president of the self-declared Republic of Artsakh, Arayik Harutyunyan, also agreed to an end of hostilities.[3]

Background

Renewed hostilities between Azerbaijan and the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh began on 27 September 2020. Azerbaijan made several territorial gains over the following six weeks culminating in the capture of the strategically important town Shusha following a fierce battle which prompted the parties to agree to sign a ceasefire deal on 9 November 2020.[4]

Overview

Frontlines at the time of the signing of the agreement with Azerbaijan's territorial gains during the war in red, the Lachin corridor under Russian peacekeepers in blue, and areas to be surrendered by Armenia to Azerbaijan hashed

According to the agreement both parties will exchange prisoners of war and the bodies of the fallen. Furthermore, the Armenian forces will withdraw from Armenian-controlled territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh by 1 December. Additionally, a 2,000-strong Russian peacekeeping force from the Russian Ground Forces will be deployed to the region for a minimum of five years to protect the Lachin corridor, situated between Armenia and the Nagorno-Karabakh region. According to Azerbaijan, Turkish forces will also take part in the peacekeeping process. Additionally, Azerbaijan will gain passage to its Nakhchivan exclave, which is detached from Azerbaijan, through a strip of Armenian land close to the border with Turkey and Iran. Russian forces will also guarantee the roads connecting Azerbaijan and Nakhchivan.[5][6][7]

Terms of the agreement

The Multilateral Armistice Agreement states:

We the President of Azerbaijan, I. Alyev, Prime Minister of the Republic of Armenia N.V. Pashinyan and President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin state the following:

  1. A complete ceasefire and end to all hostilities in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict from 00:00 Moscow time on 10 November 2020. The Republic of Azerbaijan and the Republic of Armenia, hereinafter referred to as the parties stop at the current territorial positions they occupy.
  2. Agdam District returns to the Republic of Azerbaijan by 20 November 2020.
  3. Along the frontline in Nagorno-Karabakh and along the Lachin corridor there will be a peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Federation with 1960 military personnel with small arms, 90 armoured personnel carriers, 380 military vehicles and other special equipment.
  4. The peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Federation is deployed in parallel with the withdrawal of the Armenian armed forces from Nagorno-Karabakh. The duration of the peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Federation is 5 years with automatic renewal for the next 5 year period if none of the parties state otherwise 6 months in advance.
  5. In order to improve the effectiveness of control over the implementation by the Parties to the conflict agreements, a peacekeeping command post is being installed in order to enforce the ceasefire.
  6. The Republic of Armenia will return to Azerbaijan the Kalbajar District by 15 November 2020, and the Lachin District by 1 December. The Lachin corridor (Vorlage:Cvt wide) which will provide access from Nagorno-Karabakh to Armenia remains under the control of the peacekeeping contingent of the Russian Federation. The town of Shusha located within the corridor will remain in Azeri possession. By agreement of the Parties, a construction plan will be determined in the next three years for a new route of movement along the Lachin corridor, providing a link between Nagorno-Karabakh and Armenia with the subsequent redeployment of the Russian peacekeeping contingent to guard this route. The Republic of Azerbaijan guarantees the safety of traffic along the Lachin corridor of citizens, vehicles, and goods in both directions.
  7. Internally displaced persons and refugees return to the territories of Nagorno-Karabakh and adjacent areas under the control of the UN Office of the High Commissioner for Refugees.
  8. The exchange of prisoners of war is to be made, hostages, and other detainees as well as the remains of casualties.
  9. All economic activity and transport links in the region are to be unrestricted. The Republic of Armenia guarantees the safety of transport links between western regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic in order to organise the unimpeded movement of citizens, vehicles and cargo in both directions. Transport control is carried out by the bodies of the Border Service of the FSB of Russia. By agreement of the Parties, the construction of new infrastructure linking the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic with regions of Azerbaijan is to take place.[8][9][10][11]

Reaction

Armenia

After signing the agreement, Prime Minister of Armenia Nikol Pashinyan stated that "This is not a victory, but there is not defeat until you consider yourself defeated, we will never consider ourselves defeated and this shall become a new start of an era of our national unity and rebirth."[12] Violent protests erupted in Yerevan following the announcement of a ceasefire agreement. The speaker of the Parliament of Armenia Ararat Mirzoyan was beaten by an angry mob that stormed the Parliament after the peace deal was announced. Pashinyan has indicated however that Mirzoyan's life is "not under threat" and has already underwent surgery.[13][14]

Azerbaijan

Regarding the agreement, the president of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, said that "This statement constitutes Armenia's capitulation. This statement puts an end to the years-long occupation".[15] Large-scale celebrations erupted throughout Azerbaijan, most notably in Baku when news of the agreement was announced.[16]

International

Organizations

  • Vorlage:Flagicon - The European Union welcomed the cessation of hostilities and hoped that continued negotiations will lead to a sustainable settlement.[17]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - The Secretary General of the Turkic Council congratulated Azerbaijan for its "historical achievement of liberation of its occupied territories and restoring sovereignty over them".[18]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - A spokesperson for United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres stated that "The Secretary-General is relieved that the deal has been agreed to on the cessation of hostilities. Our consistent focus has been on the well-being of civilians, on humanitarian access and on protecting lives, and we hope that this will now be achieved consistent with the previous important efforts of the Minsk [Group] Co-Chairs.[19]

Countries

  • Vorlage:Flagicon - France stated that the cessation of hostilities was crucial, urged Azerbaijan to abide by the terms of the agreement and affirmed its friendship with Armenia.[20]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - The president of Georgia, Salome Zurabishvili, congratulated Armenia and Azerbaijan for agreeing to end hostilities, offered condolences to the families of victims of the war and hoped that a new era will start in the South Caucasus.[21]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - Iran welcomed the signing of the agreement and hoped that it will lead to a final settlement which will preserve peace in the region.[22]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - The Pakistani foreign minister issued a statement saying "We congratulate the government and brotherly people of Azerbaijan on the liberation of their territories".[23]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that "We presume that the agreements reached will set up necessary conditions for the lasting and full-format settling of the Nagorno-Karabakh crisis on the base of justice and to the benefit of Armenian and Azerbaijan peoples".[4]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - Turkish Foreign minister Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu congratulated Azerbaijan following the signing of the agreement.[24]
  • Vorlage:Flagicon - The United Kingdom welcomed the agreement and encouraged both sides to continue to work towards a lasting settlement to the dispute.[25]

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Vorlage:Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Vorlage:Armenia–Azerbaijan relations

  1. ↑ Путин выступил с заявлением о прекращении огня в Карабахе. In: RIA Novosti. 9. November 2020, abgerufen am 9. November 2020 (russisch).
  2. ↑ Пашинян заявил о прекращении боевых действий в Карабахе. In: RIA Novosti. 9. November 2020, abgerufen am 9. November 2020 (russisch).
  3. ↑ Президент непризнанной НКР дал согласие закончить войну. In: RIA Novosti. 9. November 2020, abgerufen am 9. November 2020 (russisch).
  4. ↑ a b Armenian President says nation 'misjudged' its negotiating power in Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In: SBS News.
  5. ↑ Пашинян заявляет о подписании мирного соглашения. In: BBC Russian Service. 10. November 2020, abgerufen am 10. November 2020 (russisch).
  6. ↑ Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal In: BBC News, 10 November 2020 
  7. ↑ Azerbaijan, Armenia sign peace deal to end conflict. In: GulfToday. 10. November 2020, abgerufen am 10. November 2020.
  8. ↑ Заявление Президента Азербайджанской Республики, Премьер-министра Республики Армения и Президента Российской Федерации. In: Президент России.
  9. ↑ РИА Новости. In: Telegram.
  10. ↑ Andrew E. Kramer: Facing Military Debacle, Armenia Accepts a Deal in Nagorno-Karabakh War. via NYTimes.com, 10. November 2020;.
  11. ↑ Anadolu Agency: Euphoric Azerbaijanis celebrate 'victorious' Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal. In: Daily Sabah. 10. November 2020;.
  12. ↑ Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia sign deal to end Nagorno-Karabakh war. In: www.aljazeera.com.
  13. ↑ Armenian parliament speaker injured by protesters, prime minister says In: TASS, 9 November 2020. Abgerufen im 12 November 2020 
  14. ↑ Armenian parliament speaker assaulted by angry protesters after peace deal, undergoes surgery In: India Today, 10 November 2020. Abgerufen im 12 November 2020 
  15. ↑ Alex Ward: The surprising Armenia-Azerbaijan peace deal over Nagorno-Karabakh, explained. In: Vox. 10. November 2020;.
  16. ↑ Armenia, Azerbaijan and Russia sign Nagorno-Karabakh peace deal. In: bbc.com. BBC, 10. November 2020;: „There is a real sense here that a key victory has been achieved after a very long fight. Groups are breaking out in chants and singing the national anthem.“
  17. ↑ Nagorno Karabakh: Statement by the High Representative/Vice-President Josep Borrell on the cessation of hostilities. In: EEAS - European External Action Service - European Commission.
  18. ↑ Statement of Secretary General of the Turkic Council on Nagorno-Karabakh settlement. 11. November 2020;.
  19. ↑ UN Chief Relieved Karabakh Ceasefire Reached, Hopes For Protection Of Civilians- Spokesman. In: UrduPoint.
  20. ↑ France FM: Armenia, Azerbaijan must resume talks on determining status of Karabakh. In: news.am.
  21. ↑ Georgian President on Nagorno-Karabakh Deal: New Era Starts in the Caucasus. In: Georgia Today on the Web.
  22. ↑ IFP Editorial Staff: Iran Welcomes Cessation of Hostilities in Karabakh. 10. November 2020;.
  23. ↑ Pakistan congratulates Azerbaijan over Karabakh victory. In: aa.com. 10. November 2020;.
  24. ↑ Çavuşoğlu Azərbaycanı təbrik etdi. In: azerbaycan24.com. 10. November 2020; (aserbaidschanisch).
  25. ↑ Vorlage:Cite tweet
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