Internationales Phonetisches Alphabet
Das Internationale Phonetische Alphabet ist eine Sammlung von Zeichen, mit denen die Laute in allen Sprachen der Welt genau beschrieben werden können. Die Zeichen sind auch in den Unicode aufgenommen worden.
Zur Eingabe von phonetischen Zeichen in der Wikipedia siehe Lautschrift in der Wikipedia.
Beispiele für die Aussprache der Zeichen in einzelnen Sprachen
| Zeichen oder Zeichenkombination |
Code (ggfs. HTML Entity, Unicode) |
(britisches) Englisch |
| Vokale | ||
| ɑː | ɑː | plant, arm, father |
| ɑ̃ː | ɑ̃ː | agent provocateur |
| aɪ | aɪ | life |
| aʊ | aʊ | house |
| æ | æ | man, sad |
| ʌ | ʌ | but, son |
| e | e | get, bed |
| eɪ | eɪ | name, lame |
| ə | ə | ago, better |
| ɜː | ɜː | bird, her |
| ɛə | ɛə | there, care |
| ɪ | ɪ | it, wish |
| iː | iː | bee, see, me, beat, belief |
| ɪə | ɪə | here |
| əʊ | əʊ | no, low |
| ɒ | ɒ | not, long |
| ɔː | ɔː | law, all |
| ɔ̃ː | ɔ̃ː | restaurant |
| ɔɪ | ɔɪ | boy, oil |
| ʊ | ʊ | push, look |
| uː | uː | you, do |
| ʊə | ʊə | poor, sure |
| Konsonanten | ||
| b | b | been, blind |
| d | d | do, had |
| ʤ | ʤ | jam, object |
| f | f | father, wolf |
| g | g | go, beg |
| h | h | house |
| j | j | youth, Indian |
| k | k | keep, milk |
| l | l | lamp, oil, ill |
| m | m | man, am |
| n | n | no, manner |
| ŋ | ŋ | long, sing |
| p | p | paper, happy |
| r | r | red, dry |
| s | s | stand, sand, yes |
| ʃ | ʃ | ship, station |
| t | t | tell, fat |
| θ | θ | thank, death |
| ð | ð | this, father |
| ʧ | ʧ | church, catch |
| v | v | voice, live |
| w | w | water, we, which |
| x | x | loch |
| z | z | zeal, these, gaze |
| ʒ | ʒ | pleasure |
Die Lautzeichen im IPA-chart
Konsonanten:
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||||||||||||
| Verschlusslaute | p | b | t | d | ʈ | ɖ | c | ɟ | k | g | q | ɢ | ʔ | |||||||||
| Nasale | m | ɱ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ | ɴ | |||||||||||||||
| Trill | ʙ | r | ʀ | |||||||||||||||||||
| Tap or Flap | ɾ | ɽ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Frikative | ɸ | β | f | v | θ | ð | s | z | ʃ | ʒ | ʂ | ʐ | ç | ʝ | x | ɣ | χ | ʁ | ħ | ʕ | h | ɦ |
| Lateralfrikativ | ɬ | ɮ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | ɹ | ɻ | j | ɸ | |||||||||||||||||
| Lateraler Approximant | l | ɭ | ʎ | ʟ | ||||||||||||||||||
Vokale:
| Front | Central | Back | ||||||||
| Geschlossen | i | y | ɨ | ʉ | ɯ | u | ||||
| ɪ | ʏ | ʊ | ||||||||
| Close-mid | e | ø | ɘ | ɵ | ɤ | o | ||||
| ə | ||||||||||
| Open-mid | ɛ | œ | ɜ | ɞ | ʌ | ɔ | ||||
| ɐ | ||||||||||
| Offen | a | ɶ | ɑ | ɒ | ||||||
Übersicht der Zeichen im Unicode
ɐ ɐ
ɑ ɑ
ɒ ɒ
ɓ ɓ
ɔ ɔ
ɕ ɕ
ɖ ɖ
ɗ ɗ
ɘ ɘ
ə ə
ɚ ɚ
ɛ ɛ
ɜ ɜ
ɝ ɝ
ɞ ɞ
ɟ ɟ
ɠ ɠ
ɡ ɡ
ɢ ɢ
ɣ ɣ
ɤ ɤ
ɥ ɥ
ɦ ɦ
ɧ ɧ
ɨ ɨ
ɩ ɩ
ɪ ɪ
ɫ ɫ
ɬ ɬ
ɭ ɭ
ɮ ɮ
ɯ ɯ
ɰ ɰ
ɱ ɱ
ɲ ɲ
ɳ ɳ
ɴ ɴ
ɵ ɵ
ɶ ɶ
ɷ ɷ
ɸ ɸ
ɹ ɹ
ɺ ɺ
ɻ ɻ
ɼ ɼ
ɽ ɽ
ɾ ɾ
ɿ ɿ
ʀ ʀ
ʁ ʁ
ʂ ʂ
ʃ ʃ
ʄ ʄ
ʅ ʅ
ʆ ʆ
ʇ ʇ
ʈ ʈ
ʉ ʉ
ʊ ʊ
ʋ ʋ
ʌ ʌ
ʍ ʍ
ʎ ʎ
ʏ ʏ
ʐ ʐ
ʑ ʑ
ʒ ʒ
ʓ ʓ
ʔ ʔ
ʕ ʕ
ʖ ʖ
ʗ ʗ
ʘ ʘ
ʙ ʙ
ʚ ʚ
ʛ ʛ
ʜ ʜ
ʝ ʝ
ʞ ʞ
ʟ ʟ
ʠ ʠ
ʡ ʡ
ʢ ʢ
ʣ ʣ
ʤ ʤ
ʥ ʥ
ʦ ʦ
ʧ ʧ
ʨ ʨ
æ æ
ç ç
ð ð
ø ø
ħ ħ
ŋ ŋ
œ œ
ǀ ǀ
ǁ ǁ
ǂ ǂ
ǃ ǃ
ʰ ʰ
ʱ ʱ
ʲ ʲ
ʴ ʴ
ʷ ʷ
θ θ
ʼ ʼ
ˈ ˈ
ˌ ˌ
ː ː
ˑ ˑ
˞ ˞
ˠ ˠ
ˤ ˤ
β β
χ χ
↑ ↑
→ →
↓ ↓
↗ ↗
↘ ↘
Siehe dazu auch: http://www.phon.ucl.ac.uk/home/wells/ipa-unicode.htm