Proud Boys
Vorlage:Pp-protected Vorlage:Use mdy dates Vorlage:Infobox organization
Proud Boys is a far-right men's organization[1][2][3][4] founded in 2016 by Vice Media co-founder and former commentator Gavin McInnes. McInnes describes the organization as a "pro-Western fraternal organization" for men who "refuse to apologize for creating the modern world."[5] The group has been referred to as alt-right or alt-lite.[6][7]
The group takes its name from the showtune "Proud of Your Boy," a song introduced in the 2011 stage-show version of Disney's Aladdin.[7][8]
In 2017, Kyle Chapman, also known as "Based Stickman," formed a new wing of the Proud Boys called the "Fraternal Order of the Alt-Knights" (FOAK).[9][10]
Member initiation
The Proud Boys have a four-degree initiation process for new members.[11] In the first degree, a recruit must declare “I am a Western chauvinist who refuses to apologize for creating the modern world.”[12] According to the Southern Poverty Law Center, the second degree involves five or more Proud Boys punching the recruit until he names five breakfast cereals. To earn the third degree, the recruit must get a Proud Boy tattoo.[13] The fourth degree requires the recruit to get into a physical fight with an anti-fascist activist at a public rally.[14]
Events
New York University
In February 2017, McInnes arrived at New York University to give a speech, accompanied by a group of about ten Proud Boys. Minor violence broke out between Proud Boys and anti-fascist protesters, and the NYPD said that eleven people faced criminal charges. One member of the Proud Boys encouraged others to fight the "faggots wearing black that won’t let us in", and was later arrested for punching a reporter from DNAinfo.[15][16]
2017 Berkeley protests
At the 2017 March 4 Trump rally in Berkeley, California, Kyle Chapman was recorded hitting a counter-protester over the head with a wooden dowel. Images of Chapman went viral, and the Proud Boys organized a crowdfunding campaign for Chapman's bail after his arrest. After this, McInnes invited Chapman to become involved with the Proud Boys, through which he formed the Fraternal Order of the Alt-Knights.[17]
On April 15, 2017, a Patriot's Day rally was organized in Berkeley by the Liberty Revival Alliance, which did not seek or receive a permit, and was attended by members of the Proud Boys.[18] Violence broke out between protestors and counter-protesters, with over 20 people arrested and 11 injured.[19]
Disruption of Halifax Indigenous Peoples' Protest
On July 1, 2017, five Canadian Armed Forces members who self-identified as Proud Boys disrupted a protest organized by Indigenous activists, in Halifax, Nova Scotia on Canada Day. General Jonathan Vance, the head of the CAF, later stated that the five would be removed from training and duties as the military investigated and reviewed the circumstances surrounding their actions. General Vance also indicated that the members could possibly be released from the CAF permanently.[3][20] Rear Admiral John Newton, Commander of the Maritime Fleet of the Royal Canadian Navy, was "personally horrified" by the incident and said the Proud Boys were "clearly a white supremacist group and we fundamentally stand opposed to any of their values."[21]
On August 14, 2017, the CAF confirmed that the investigation had been concluded.[22] Later that month, Newton announced that four of the members had returned to duty, stating that the CAF had taken "appropriate measures to address individual shortcomings" and warning, “Any further inappropriate behavior could result in their termination from the Canadian Armed Forces.”[23]
Unite the Right rally
In June, McInnes disavowed the then-upcoming Unite the Right rally in Charlottesville, Virginia.[24] Proud Boys were at the August 2017 alt-right event, which was organized by far-right activist Jason Kessler. Kessler had joined the Proud Boys some time before organizing the event.[25][26][27] McInnes said he had kicked Kessler out after his views on race had become clear.[24] After the rally, McInnes wrote on the Proud Boys website that neither the Proud Boys nor the Alt-Knights were alt-right.[28]
Criminal charges against Proud Boys
Kyle Chapman
In August 2017, Chapman was charged with possessing a lead-filled stick that he allegedly used to strike protesters at a rally in Berkeley, California on March 4.[29] Chapman has two past felony convictions – a 1993 felony robbery conviction in Texas and a 2001 grand theft conviction in California.[30] Due to his past criminal history and the violent nature of the Texas robbery, Chapman could receive a double sentence under California’s "Three Strikes" law and faces a maximum sentence of seven to eight years in prison if convicted.[31] He has previously spent a total of ten years in prison for the 1993 and 2001 convictions.[32]
Ten Tenets
The ten tenets of the Proud Boys are: 1) “venerating the housewife,” 2) closing all prisons, 3) arming the citizenry with guns, 4) legalizing drugs, 5) ending welfare, 6) ending immigration, 7) banning censorship, 8) glorifying entrepreneurs, 9) recognizing “the West is the Best,” and 10) “shutting down the government.”[12]Vorlage:Dubious
Unofficial uniform
The Proud Boys have adopted a black Fred Perry polo shirt with yellow piping as their unofficial uniform.[33] Fred Perry was previously associated with the Mod subculture and skinhead groups,[33][34] including the British National Front.[35] Fred Perry’s CEO John Flynn denounced the affiliation with the Proud Boys in a statement to CBC Radio saying, "We don't support the ideals or the group that you speak of. It is counter to our beliefs and the people we work with.”[34]
References
- ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
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-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen Long. - ↑ a b John Paul Tasker: Head of Canada's Indigenous veterans group hopes Proud Boys don't lose their CAF jobs. In: CBC. CBC, abgerufen am 6. Juli 2017.
- ↑ Paige St. John & Veronica Rocha, Conservative and alt-right groups gather for 'free speech' rally in Berkeley, Los Angeles Times (April 27, 2017): "far right group Proud Boys..."
- ↑ Evan Osnos: Trump Supporters at the DeploraBall. The New Yorker, 6. Februar 2017, abgerufen am 6. März 2017.
- ↑ Andrew Marantz, The Alt-Right Branding War Has Torn the Movement in Two, The New Yorker (July 6, 2017).
- ↑ a b The fratty Proud Boys are the alt right’s weirdest new phenomenon. Medium.com, abgerufen am 10. März 2017.
- ↑ Disser, Nicole (July 28, 2016). Gavin McInnes and his Proud Boys want to make white men great again. Bedfordandbowery.com
- ↑ Michael Harriot: Meet the New Military Division of White Nationalism. The Root, 26. April 2017, abgerufen am 26. April 2017.
- ↑ Bill Morlin: New Alt-Right "Fight Club" Ready for Street Violence. Southern Poverty Law Center, 25. April 2017, abgerufen am 12. Mai 2017.
- ↑ Emma Grey Ellis: Your Handy Field Guide To The Many Factions Of The Far Right, From The Proud Boys To Identity Evropa. In: Wired. 22. Mai 2017 (wired.com).
- ↑ a b Proud Boys: ‘Willing to go places and disrupt things’ Toronto Sun (July 6, 2017)
- ↑ Meet the Proud Boys, the pro-men, anti-masturbation enemy of 'antifa' In: The Daily Dot, September 7, 2017. Abgerufen im September 14, 2017 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- ↑ Bill Morlin: New Alt-Right "Fight Club" Ready for Street Violence. Southern Poverty Law Center, 25. April 2017 .
- ↑ Jake Offenhartz: Anti-Fascist Protesters Clash With 'Proud Boys' As Gavin McInnes Speaks At NYU. In: Gothamist. 3. Februar 2017, abgerufen am 10. März 2017.
- ↑ Jon Campbell: Gavin McInnes Wants You to Know He’s Totally Not a White Supremacist. In: Village Voice. 15. Februar 2017, abgerufen am 10. März 2017.
- ↑ Alan Feuer, Jeremy W. Peters: Fringe Groups Revel as Protests Turn Violent In: The New York Times, June 2, 2017. Abgerufen im August 21, 2017
- ↑ For many at violent Berkeley rally, it wasn't really about Trump or free speech: They came to make trouble - LA Times
- ↑ Alt Right ‘Proud Boys’ Declare Victory In Berkeley Melee « CBS San Francisco
- ↑ Elizabeth McMillan: Forces members who disrupted Indigenous rally face 'severe consequences'. In: CBC. 4. Juli 2017, abgerufen am 10. Juli 2017.
- ↑ Trina Roache: The military apologizes while a grandmother demands action on "Proud Boys" behavior. In: APTN National News. 5. Juli 2017, abgerufen am 25. Juli 2017.
- ↑ Sean Previl: Investigation into ‘Proud Boys’ incident in Halifax concluded: military official. In: Global News. 14. August 2017, abgerufen am 14. September 2017.
- ↑ No criminal or disciplinary charges for Canadian military "Proud Boys" – group now back on the job In: Ottawa Citizen, August 31, 2017. Abgerufen im September 14, 2017 (amerikanisches Englisch).
- ↑ a b Simon Houpt: Vice co-founder Gavin McInnes’s path to the far-right frontier In: Globe and Mail, August 18, 2017. Abgerufen im August 21, 2017 (kanadisches Englisch).
- ↑ Patrick Strickland: Unite the Right: White supremacists rally in Virginia In: Al Jazeera, August 13, 2017. Abgerufen im August 21, 2017
- ↑ Tom Porter: Who are the alt-right leaders and provocateurs addressing the Charlottesville white nationalist rally? In: Newsweek, August 12, 2017. Abgerufen im August 21, 2017 (englisch).
- ↑ Dara Lind: Unite the Right, the violent white supremacist rally in Charlottesville, explained In: Vox, August 12, 2017. Abgerufen im August 21, 2017
- ↑ Gavin McInnes: WE ARE NOT ALT-RIGHT. Proud Boys, 21. August 2017, abgerufen am 21. August 2017 (englisch).
- ↑ Kimberly Veklerov, Trump supporter arrested in Berkeley could face lengthy prison term San Francisco Chronicle (August 18, 2017)
- ↑ Jenna Lyons, Man facing charges from pro-Trump rally in Berkeley put in jail San Francisco Chronicle (August 25, 2017)
- ↑ Paige St. John, Far-right activist faces criminal charges in Berkeley violence caught on video Los Angeles Times (August 18, 2017)
- ↑ Josh Parkinson, Cashing in on the Rise of the Alt-Right, Mother Jones (June 16, 2017)
- ↑ a b Christine Flammia,Fred Perry Wants Nothing to Do With Its Alt-Right Fanboys Esquire (July 10, 21017)
- ↑ a b Fred Perry chairman says he wants nothing to do with Gavin McInnes and his Proud Boys CBC Radio (July 7, 2017)
- ↑ Jake Wolff, The Proud Boys are the latest losers to try to co-opt the classic polo GQ(July 11, 2017)