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8kun
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8chan (also called Infinitechan and stylized as ∞chan) is an English-language imageboard website composed of user-created boards. Each board is governed by its creator. Users generally post anonymously, with the most recent posts appearing above the rest. Registration is not required, nor is it possible (except for staff).[1] An official Japanese-language variant is available by the name 8ch.[2]

The site has received both praise and criticism for its stance on free speech with minimal restrictions. It allows any topic to be discussed, and all content to be posted, regardless of controversy. The only proviso is that all content posted must not violate United States law.

One of the site's boards has played an active role during the Gamergate controversy after the topic was banned on the unaffiliated website 4chan, resulting in a migration of users. As of December 2014, the site was the 3,030th most visited site in the USA,[3] receiving an average of 35,000 unique visitors per day and 400,000 posts per week.[4]

History

8chan was created in October 2013 by computer programmer Fredrick Brennan,[4] also known by the nickname "Hotwheels".[5] Shortly prior in the summer of 2013, Brennan had relocated from Atlantic City to Brooklyn after receiving an offer to work as the lead programmer at a company that makes web-marketing projects for small businesses.[6] The website was created after Brennan perceived rapidly escalating surveillance and a loss of free speech on the Internet.[4] Brennan, who considers the imageboard 4chan to have grown into authoritarianism, describes 8chan as a "free-speech-friendly" alternative,[4] and had originally conceptualized the site while experiencing a psychedelic mushrooms trip.[5][7]

No experience or programming knowledge is necessary for users to create their own boards.[1] Since as early as March 2014, its FAQ has stated only one rule that is to be globally enforced: "Do not post, request, or link to any content illegal in the United States of America. Do not create boards with the sole purpose of posting or spreading such content."[1] In the opinion of Brennan, while he finds some of the content posted by users to be "reprehensible," feels personally obligated to uphold the site's integrity by tolerating discussion he doesn't necessarily support regardless of his moral stance.[4] He argues that this premise is what makes 8chan unique, adding: "Once you get past all of the terrible content posted by teenagers to feel cool, you get to very interesting discussions and opinions that could simply not happen on Reddit or Facebook."[4] Many of 8chan’s most active boards are based in political discussion.[4]

Brennan agreed to partner 8chan with the Japanese message board 2channel[5] and subsequently relocated to the Philippines in October 2014.[8]

In January 2015, the site changed its domain 8chan.co to 8ch.net after multiple people filed reports complaining to 8chan’s registrar that the message board hosted child pornography. Despite regaining the domain, the site remained at 8ch.net, with the old domain redirecting to it.[7]

Media attention

The Washington Post described it as "the more-lawless, more-libertarian, more 'free' follow-up to 4chan."[7] Boards have been created to discuss controversial topics, among those pedophilia, though the sharing of sexually explicit photos of minors is against site rules, per United States laws regarding child pornography. When asked whether such boards were an inevitable result of free speech, Brennan responded, "Unfortunately, yes. I don’t support the content on the boards you mentioned, but it is simply the cost of free speech and being the only active site to not impose more 'laws' than those that were passed in Washington, D.C."[4]

On September 18, 2014, the website gained prominence in the GamerGate controversy after 4chan banned discussion of GamerGate.[4][8][9] A percentage of GamerGate supporters have been cited using 8chan's GamerGate board – among other sites – to organize their operations;[10] it is considered by some to be one of major centers for the online #GamerGate movement.[4][8] Initially called "/gg/", internal struggles with user administration forced Gamergate activists to migrate to "/gamergate/". The replacement quickly became the site's second most populous hangout while "/gg/" plummeted in visitor frequency.[10] There are allegations that a portion of the 8chan userbase had harassed and attacked women online within the realm of video game culture.[4] These attacks forced some to leave their homes.[11]

In January 2015 the site was linked to several hoax reports to emergency services that provoked police responses directed at individuals, known as swatting.[12] Gamergate critics Grace Lynn and Israel Galvez were both targeted, The Guardian reported that both attempts were coordinated on the "Baphomet" subforum.[13] One Twitter user had her personal information posted on 8chan after following a prominent critic of the site, and RCMP officers responded to a fake tip of weapons in her home.[14]

See also

References

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  1. ↑ a b c Fredrick Brennan: FAQ. In: 8chan.co. Infinitechan, archiviert vom Original am 28. März 2014; abgerufen am 23. November 2014.
  2. ↑ Fredrik Brennan: ∞chan. In: 8ch.net. 8c, abgerufen am 24. November 2014 (japanisch).
  3. ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen alexa.
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k Patrick Howell O'Neill: 8chan, the central hive of Gamergate, is also an active pedophile network. In: The Daily Dot. 17. November 2014;.
  5. ↑ a b c Don Caldwell: Q&A with Fredrick Brennan of 8chan. In: Know Your Meme. 9. Oktober 2014, abgerufen am 18. Dezember 2014.
  6. ↑ A day in the life of a man with brittle bone disease. In: Al Jazeera.
  7. ↑ a b c Dewey Caitlin: This is what happens when you create an online community without any rules. In: The Washington Post. 13. Januar 2014;.
  8. ↑ a b c Adrian Chen: Gamergate Supporters Partied at a Strip Club This Weekend. In: New York (magazine). 27. Oktober 2014;.
  9. ↑ William Audureau: 4chan, wizardchan, 8chan... s'y retrouver dans la jungle des forums anonymes les plus populaires du Web. Le Monde, 15. Oktober 2014; (französisch).
  10. ↑ a b Joseph Bernstein: GamerGate’s Headquarters Has Been Destroyed By Trolls. Buzzfeed, 4. Dezember 2014;.
  11. ↑ Keith Stuart: Brianna Wu and the human cost of Gamergate: 'every woman I know in the industry is scared'. In: The Guardian. 17. Oktober 2014;.
  12. ↑ Nathan Mattise: 8chan tries “swatting” GamerGate critic, sends cops to an old address. In: Ars Technica. 4. Januar 2015;.
  13. ↑ Alex Hern: Gamergate hits new low with attempts to send Swat teams to critics In: The Guardian, January 13, 2015. Abgerufen im January 15, 2015 
  14. ↑ Justin McElroy: Police falsely called to Burnaby women’s home by online harassers In: Global News, January 15, 2015 
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