Benutzer:Nuricom1/Scheibe SF 26 Standard

Nuricom1/Scheibe SF 26 Standard
Nuricom1/Scheibe SF 26 Standard (Bayern)
Kenndaten
Flugplatztyp	UL-Fluggelände
Koordinaten	49° 5′ 11″ N, 10° 38′ 13″ O49.08644444444410.637083333333455
Höhe über MSL	455 m  (1.493 ft)
Verkehrsanbindung
Entfernung vom Stadtzentrum	1 km östlich von Unterschwaningen, 9 km südwestlich von Gunzenhausen
Straße	Staatsstraße 2219
Basisdaten
Betreiber	Flugsportverein Wilder Markgraf e. V.
Start- und Landebahn
07/25	350 m × 25 m Gras

i7 i11 i13

Luftsortgelände Oberschwaningen Die am nächsten gelegenen Flugplätze sind die Segelfluggelände Geilsheim (Wassertrüdingen) (7 km) und Irsingen südlich des Hesselberges (11 km) und der Flugplatz Gunzenhausen-Reutberg (EDMH)(13 km).

Kategorie:Luftsportgelände Kategorie:Sport (Landkreis Ansbach)

ZAGI Mai63 UDSSR 1963

ZAGI Mai68 UDSSR 1968

Im Jahr 1963 bauten Studenten am Moskauer Luftfahrtinstitut unter der Leitung von A. Piezuch den Versuchsgleiter Mai 63. Die Besonderheit war der extrem schlanke Außenflügel mit Laminarprofil und großen Spreizklappen an den Flügelspitzen. Zur Mittelachse hin vertiefte sich der Flügel sehr stark. So konnte der Pilot komplett untergebracht werden, und nur die tropfenförmige Kabinenabdeckung ragte aus der Profilkontur. Leider erwies sich der schlanke Ganzmetall-Flügel mit 12 m Spannweite als nicht ausreichend Torsionssteif, was letztlich zur Einstellung der Flugversuche führte. Daraufhin wurde eine weitere Version namens Mai 68 gebaut die einen tieferen Außenflügel erhielt. Diese Maschine hatte nach oben geknickte Flügelspitzen mit weiter vergrößerten Spreizklappen. Um dem Pilot bei der Landung eine bessere Bodensicht zu geben, war ein Teil der Beplankung des rechten Flügels transparent. Am Übergang zwischen Flügelmittelteil und Außenflügel waren reichlich bemessene Grenzschichtzäune angebracht. Die Mai 68 blieb bis mitte der 70er Jahre im Flugbetrieb, u.A. bei der TsAGI.

Mai68 PUSHKIN, Vladimir Histoire résumée Further development of the "flying-wing" concept proposed by A. I. Pietsukh resulted in the "tailless" glider MAI-68. This glider completes the series of MAI experimental aircraft, the first of which was the "flying-wing" motorplane MAI-62. On the basis of previous studies to determine the appearance of a new aerodynamic configuration, student V. Pushkin started to design in 1966 a "flying-wing" glider. The glider was named "Pushinka" (Fluff) and got the designation MAI-68. The glider was designed in accordance with the requirements and technical specifications for single-seat training gliders and to create the initial arrangement a study was done by comparing schemes to classical arrangment. The integrated scheme in which the fuselage, wing and tail combined into a single meaningful unit was selected. The experimental glider was built by Vladimir Pushkin in 1968 - 1970. In July 1970, the ground and flight testing was started on the ASK MAI airfield (ASK: Aviatsionno-Sporttivniy Klub - Aviation Sport Club). Tests were carried out of by the head of the club, I. G. Yermakov. For ground runs a winch of "Hercules III" type was used. During ground runs rudder control effectiveness, the glider's stability and control were tested. Taxiing speed was gradually increased. At the first trials a noticeable lag in rudder control were experienced. Therefore, the area ahead of the rear halves of the rudder was increased, which allowed to get sufficient lateral control to fly the glider and to make 30-45 degrees roll turns at a height of 250-300 meters. Take-offs were done by aerotow using a Yak-12 aircraft. In flight, the glider has shown stability. Tests were conducted up to 1972. 12 launches approaching the height of 1-2 m, 26 flights at a height of 40-70 m and four flights on 250-300 m were done. Further flight tests continued in the TsAGI (1973-1974). Glider test pilot V. Vladimirov made the test flights. As a result of flight tests of the experimental glider "Pushinka" the reliability and effectiveness of the new integrated solution had been proved.

Tenth Air Force

Tenth Air Force was constituted on 4 February 1942 and activated on 12 February, built up around a nucleus of air force personnel newly arrived from Java and the Philippines, under the command of Maj. Gen. Lewis H. Brereton. It had its headquarters at New Delhi. Components of the air force moved to India over a three-month period from March to May 1942. It was responsible for creating, operating and safeguarding the India-China Ferry, more commonly known as the Hump airlift, between 8 April and 1 December 1942, first with its Assam-Burma-China Command until 16 July, then the India-China Ferry Command until 1 December, when jurisdiction for the airlift passed to the Air Transport Command.

The Tenth Air Force initially provided control of all USAAF combat operations in the China Burma India Theater under theater commander Lt. Gen. Joseph Stillwell. Units based in China were controlled by the China Air Task Force of the Tenth Air Force, created 4 July 1942 to replace the American Volunteer Group, and commanded by Brig. Gen. Claire Chennault. Units based in India were controlled by the India Air Task Force, created 8 October 1942, commanded by Brigadier General Caleb V. Haynes.

In March 1943 the China Air Task Force was dissolved and its components made part of the new Fourteenth Air Force, activated in China under Chennault. The Tenth operated in India and Burma as part of the Allied Eastern Air Command until it moved to China late in July 1945.[3]

The Tenth Air Force conducted offensive strategic bombing operations in Burma and Thailand and supported Allied ground efforts with close air support and operations against Japanese communications and supply installations. After the end of the war in China, the command headquarters departed from Shanghai on 15 December 1945, being attached to Army Service Forces at Fort Lawton, Washington where the last personnel were demobilized and the command inactivated, being returned to HQ USAAF on 6 January 1946.

Die Fourteenth Air Force (deutsch 14. US-Luftflotte) war eine Luftflotte der US Air Force. Sie wurde 1943 gegründet und bei den Kampfhandlungen in Burma, Indochina und China eingesetzt.

Geschichte

Die Geschichte der 14.AF geht zurück bis zur American Volunteer Group, bekannter als "Flying Tigers". Diese Freiwilligentruppe unter der Leitung von Claire Chennault hatte sich bereits im Juni 1941 nach China eingeschifft und sich dort eingerichtet. Der erste Kampfeinsatz der "Flying Tigers" fand am 20.Dez.1941 statt. Mit dem Angriff auf Pearl Harbour und dem damit verbundenen Kriegseintritt der USA war das amerikanische Militär bemüht die Luftstreitkräfte im Raum Ostindien, Burma, Thailand und China unter eine einheitlche Kommandostruktur zu stellen. Hierfür wurden zunächst die vorhandenen Verbände der 10. AF angegliedert zu deren Hauptaufgaben die Aufrechterhaltung der Luftbrücke Over the Hump nach China war. Natürlich war den Militärs die unmilitärische Struktur der Freiwilligentruppe ein Dorn im Auge. So wurde ihr Auflösung beschlossen und den Mitgliedern freigestellt sich regulären Einheiten der US-Streitkräfte anzuschließen. Die Auflösung erfolgte am 4.Juli.1942.

As early as 30 December 1941, the U.S. War Department in Washington, D.C., had authorized the induction of the Flying Tigers into the U.S. Army Air Forces (USAAF). Chennault was opposed to inducting the Flying Tigers into the Army. Stilwell and Bissell made it clear to both Chennault and Chiang that unless the AVG became part of the U.S. Army Air Force, its supplies would be cut off. Chennault agreed to return to active duty but he made it clear to Stilwell that his men would have to speak for themselves.[citation needed]

Chiang Kai-shek finally agreed to induction of the AVG into the USAAF, after Stilwell promised that the fighter group absorbing the induction would remain in China with Chennault in command. With the situation in Burma rapidly deteriorating, Stilwell and Bissell wanted the AVG dissolved by 30 April 1942. Chennault, wanting to keep the Flying Tigers going as long as possible, proposed the group disband on 4 July, when the AVG's contracts with the Nationalist Chinese government expired. Stilwell and Bissell accepted.[citation needed]

China Air Task Force Chennault was recalled to active duty in the USAAF on 15 April 1942 in the grade of Major General. Chennault was told that he would have to be satisfied with command a China Air Task Force of fighters and bombers as part of the Tenth Air Force. Its mission was to defend the aerial supply operation over the Himalayan mountains between India and China – nicknamed the Hump – and to provide air support for Chinese ground forces. Bissell had been promoted to brigadier general with one day's seniority to Chennault in order to command all American air units in China as Stillwell's Air Commander (in August 1942 he became commanding general of the Tenth Air Force). Friction developed when Chennault and the Chinese government were disturbed by the possibility that Chennault would no longer control combat operations in China. However, when Tenth Air Force commanding general Lewis Brereton was transferred to Egypt on 26 June, Stillwell used the occasion to issue an announcement that Chennault would continue to command all air operations in China.

The CATF had 51 fighters in July 1942: 31 Curtiss 81A-1 (export Tomahawks) and P-40B Tomahawks, and 20 P-40E Warhawks. Only 29 were flyable. The 81A-1s and P-40Bs were from the original 100 fighters China had purchased for use by the Flying Tigers; the P-40E Warhawks had been flown from India to China in May 1942 as part of the 23rd Fighter Group, attached to the AVG to gain experience and provide continuity to the takeover of operations of the AVG. Both fighters were good medium-altitude day fighters, with their best performance between 15,000 and 18,000 feet, and they were excellent ground-strafing aircraft.

The 11th Bombardment Squadron (Medium), consisting of the seven B-25s flown in from India, made up the bomber section of Chennault's command. These seven B-25C Mitchells were the remnants of an original 12 sent from India. Four were lost on a bombing mission en route and a fifth developed mechanical problems such that it was grounded and used for spare parts.

The AVG was disbanded on 4 July 1942, simultaneous with the activation of the 23rd FG. Its personnel were offered USAAF commissions but only five of the AVG pilots accepted them. The remainder of the AVG pilots, many disgruntled with Bissell, became civilian transport pilots in China, went back to America into other jobs, or joined or rejoined the other military services and fought elsewhere in the war. An example was Fritz Wolf who returned to the Navy with the rank of Lieutenant, senior grade and assigned as fighter pilot instructor at the Jacksonville Naval Air Station in Florida.[6]

The 23rd Fighter Group with the 74th, 75th and 76th Fighter squadrons, its table of organization rounded out by the transfer of men and P-40s from two squadrons of the 51st Fighter Group in India.

A fourth fighter squadron for the 23rd Group was obtained by subterfuge. In June and July 1942, Chennault got the Tenth Air Force to relocate the 51st FG's 16th Fighter Squadron, commanded by Major John Alison, to his main base in Kunming, China, to gain combat experience. Chennault took them into the CATF – and never returned them.

On 19 March 1943, the CATF was disbanded and its units made part of the newly activated Fourteenth Air Force, with Chennault, now a major general, still in command. In the nine months of its existence, the China Air Task Force shot down 149 Japanese planes, plus 85 probables, with a loss of only 16 P-40s. It had flown 65 bombing missions against Japanese targets in China, Burma and Indochina, dropping 311 tons of bombs and losing only one B-25 bomber.

The members of Fourteenth Air Force and the US press adopted the name Flying Tigers for themselves after the AVG's dissolution. Especially the 23d Fighter Group was often called by the same nickname.

Fourteenth Air Force Fourteenth Air Force - Emblem (World War II).jpg

Newly arrived Fourteenth Air Force B-24 Liberators on the line at Kunming Airport, China on 6 September 1944.

14th Air Force B-24, China, c. 1944. The Fourteenth Air Force official web site[7] says:

After the China Air Task Force was discontinued, the Fourteenth Air Force (14 AF) was established by the special order of President Roosevelt on 10 March 1943. Chennault was appointed the commander and promoted to Major General. The "Flying Tigers" of 14 AF (who adopted the "Flying Tigers" designation from the AVG) conducted highly effective fighter and bomber operations along a wide front that stretched from the bend of the Yellow River and Tsinan in the north to Indochina in the south, from Chengtu and the Salween River in the west to both East and South China Seas and the island of Formosa in the east. They were also instrumental in supplying Chinese forces through the airlift of cargo across "The Hump" in the China-Burma-India theater. By the end of World War II, 14 AF had achieved air superiority over the skies of China and established a ratio of 7.7 enemy planes destroyed for every American plane lost in combat. Overall, military officials estimated that over 4,000 Japanese planes were destroyed or damaged in the China-Burma-India theater during World War II. In addition, they estimated that air units in China destroyed 1,100,000 tons of shipping, 1,079 locomotives, 4,836 trucks and 580 bridges. The United States Army Air Forces credits 14 AF with the destruction of 2,315 Japanese aircraft, 356 bridges, 1,225 locomotives and 712 railroad cars. Chinese-American Composite Wing In addition to the core Fourteenth Air Force (14AF) structure, a second group, the Chinese-American Composite Wing, existed as a combined 1st Bomber, 3rd Fighter, and 5th Fighter Group with pilots from both the United States and the Republic of China. U.S. service personnel destined for the CACW entered the China theater in mid-July 1943. Aircraft assigned to the CACW included later series P-40 Warhawks (with the Nationalist Chinese Air Force blue sky and 12-pointed white sun national insignia, rudder markings, and squadron/aircraft numbering) and B-25 Mitchell medium bombers. In late 1944, USAAF-marked P-51 Mustangs began to be assigned to CACW pilots—first P-51B and C series followed by, in early 1945, D and K series. The latter were a reduced-weight versions sharing many of the external characteristics of the D series aircraft including the bubble canopy. All U.S. pilots assigned to the CACW were listed as rated pilots in Chinese Air Force and were authorized to wear the pilot's wings of both nations.

Members of the 3rd FG were honored with a Distinguished Unit Citation (now Presidential Unit Citation) for a sustained campaign: Mission "A" in the late summer of 1944. Mission "A" halted a major Japanese ground offensive and resulted in the award of individual decorations for several of the group's pilots for the planning and execution of the mission.

Most CACW bases existed near the boundary of Japanese-Occupied China and one "Valley Field" existed in an area within Japanese-held territory. Specific field locations included Hanchung, Ankang, Hsian, Laohokow, Enshih, Liangshan, Peishyi, Chihkiang, Hengyang, Kweilin, Liuchow, Chanyi, Suichwan, and Lingling. Today, the 1st, 3rd and 5th Groups of CACW are still operating in Taiwan, reorganized as 443rd, 427th and 401st Tactical Fighter Wings of the Republic of China Air Force.[8]

World War II Units 68th Composite Wing Constituted as 68th Fighter Wing, 9 August 1943. Redesignated 68th Composite Wing, December 1943. Inactivated 10 October 1945. 23d Fighter Group (Flying Tigers) (P-40, P-51).[a] July 1942 – December 1945 308th Bombardment Group:(B-24) March 1943 – February 1945 69th Composite Wing Constituted as 69th Bombardment Wing, 9 August 1943. Redesignated 69th Composite Wing, December 1943. Reassigned to Tenth Air Force, August 1945. 51st Fighter Group (P-40, P-38, P-51) October 1943 – August 1945 341st Bombardment Group (Medium) (B-25) January 1944 – August 1945,[a] 312th Fighter Wing Constituted as 312th Fighter Wing, 7 March 1944. Reassigned to United States, December 1945. 81st Fighter Group: 1944–1945 (P-40, P-47) May 1944 – December 1945 33d Fighter Group: 1944 Xfer from 10th AF (P-38, P-47) April 1944 – September 1944 311th Fighter Group: 1944–1945 Xfer from 10th AF (A-36, P-51) August 1944 – December 1945 Chinese-American Composite Wing (Provisional) (1943–1945) 3d Fighter Group (P-40, P-51) 7th Fighter Squadron 8th Fighter Squadron 28th Fighter Squadron 32d Fighter Squadron 5th Fighter Group (P-40, P-51) 17th Fighter Squadron 26th Fighter Squadron 27th Fighter Squadron 29th Fighter Squadron 1st Bombardment Group (Medium) (B-25) 1st Bombardment Squadron 2d Bombardment Squadron 3d Bombardment Squadron Other assigned units: 402d Fighter Group: May–July 1943. Assigned but never equipped. 476th Fighter Group: May–July 1943. Assigned but never equipped. 341st Bombardment Group: Xfer from Tenth AF (B-25) January 1944 – November 1945 443d Troop Carrier Group: Xfer from Tenth AF (C-47/C-54) August–November 1945 426th Night Fighter Squadron: Xfer from 10th AF (P-61) 427th Night Fighter Squadron: Xfer from 10th AF (P-61) John Birch American missionary John Birch was recommended to Chennault for intelligence work by Jimmy Doolittle, whom he had assisted when Doolittle's crew landed in China after the raid on Tokyo. Inducted into the Fourteenth on its formation, and later seconded to the OSS, he built a formidable network of Chinese informants to provide the Flying Tigers with intelligence on Japanese land and sea military positions and the disposition of shipping and railways. He was killed by Chinese communists when he attempted to see a downed plane they had been assigned to guard 10 days after the war ended, which led to him being chosen as the namesake of the John Birch Society. The incident is recounted in the memoir of Paul Frillmann, China: The Remembered Life, who had started the war as the chaplain for the Flying Tigers.

Kategorie:Segelflugzeug KategorieExperimentalflugzeug

Literatur

• Heinz Nowarra: Die Flugzeuge des Alexander Baumann. Friedberg 1982, ISBN 3-7909-0206-3.
• Peter Grosz: German Giants: R-planes 1914–18 (Putnam’s German aircraft), ISBN 0-85177-812-7

Literatur

• Rudolf Storck u. a.: Flying Wings. Die historische Entwicklung der Schwanzlosen- und Nurflügelflugzeuge der Welt. Bernard und Graefe, Bonn 2003, ISBN 3-7637-6242-6.
• Martin Simons: Segelflugzeuge - 1945 bis 1965, Eqip Werbung & Verlag GmbH, 2006 ISBN 3-9807977-3-

Kategorie:Nurflügel Kategorie:Experimentalflugzeug

All The World’s Aircraft 1950–1951. Samson Low, Marston & Company, Ltd., London 1950