Tehrik-e-Jafaria
Vorlage:Infobox Political Party
Vorlage:Politics of Pakistan Tehrik-e-Jafaria, Pakistan (T.F.J) (Vorlage:Lang-ur) or Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria (Vorlage:Lang-ur) or Tehrik-e-Islami (Vorlage:Lang-ur) or Islami Tehrik (Vorlage:Lang-ur), is a Shiite Muslim religious organization in Pakistan. It was formed in 1979 with the name Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria as result of enforcement of controversial Shiite Islamic laws and politicization and discrimination against Shiite Muslims in Pakistan Army and civil service.
Ideology
According to T.F.J, Islam is and was the basic ideology of Pakistan; by deviating this ideology a conspiracy was made to make Pakistan a sectarian state in the period of General Zia-ul-Haq, a dictator. At this stage, the formation of Tehrik-e-Nafaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria was deemed necessary for the failure of this conspiracy.Vorlage:Fact
Leadership
Arif Hussain Hussaini, the patron-in-chief of the T.J.F was shot dead in Peshawar near his mosque/seminary where he was going to to lead the morning prayer on August 5, 1988. Since then, T.J.P has been led by Hussaini's one of the foremost companions Syed Sajid Ali Naqvi.[1]
History
It was formerly known as Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria. Arif Hussain Hussaini, a student of Ruhollah Khomeini who led the Iranian Revolution, was the group's leader.[2]
It is the second group that split off from Shiite leader Agha Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi's T.N.F.J, Agha Moosavi led the group after the death of Mufti Jafar Hussain. In December 1983, a delegation led by Sajid Naqvi, a renowned religious figure, requested Agha Moosavi to accept leadership of Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqh-e-Jafaria, and finally a large gathering comprising hundreds of thousands of Pakistani Shiite Muslims held at Dina, Pakistan on February 9, 1984 and endorsed the leadership of Agha Hamid Ali Shah Moosavi. He got the title of Leader of the Twelver community (Vorlage:Lang-ur). Meanwhile, Arif Hussain Hussaini split the T.N.F.J and become the head of second group and continues to function under the old name of T.N.F.J. Later, Arif Hussain Hussaini changed the name of T.N.F.J to Tehrik-e-Jafaria (T.J.P). The T.J.P founder, Arif Hussain Hussaini was assassinated in 1988 by unknown attackers. However, the defunct sectarian group Sipah-e-Sahaba was accused.
Objectives
The main objective of this organization was to protect the rights of Shiite Muslims of Pakistan and give them a voice in the Parliament of Pakistan, they do not advocate a Shiite Islamic state and have cordial relations with Sunni organization including Sunni Ittehad Council that is why they joined coalition of religious political parties i.e Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal that won 53 out of 272 elected members in legislative elections held on October 20, 2002.
Aftermath
Following the death of Zia-ul-Haq, support for the T.J.P fell, as Pakistani Shias went back to pre-Zia-ul-Haq political loyalties, with many no longer feeling under threat. Furthermore, the elections of moderate Benazir Bhutto also gave increased confidence to Shiite Muslim and they were no longer under threat and the discrimination ended.
Sanctions
On January 12, 2002, the T.J.P was banned along with three other terrorist organizations, banned by the government of Pakistan.[3]
The T.J.P was banned two times by President Pervez Musharraf's government. In January 2002, President Pervez Musharraf arrested the leaders of the banned terrorist groups, but their subsequent release, and the continued operation of these groups under new names did not place effective curbs on the operation of these groups and connected individuals.Vorlage:Fact
The T.J.P was banned again on November 5, 2011 whereas it was banned two times before by President Pervez Musharraf's government. Increased attacks on Shiite Muslims since 2005 by the Pakistan Taliban, Sipah-e-Sahaba, Lashkar-e-Jhangvi, Jundullah and Jaish-e-Mohammed,[4]
Qazi Hussain Ahmad, a senior member of Pakistan Parliament and the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami, Pakistan's oldest Islamist party, says the banned groups have no ties with the militants. He notes that one organization is part of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal, the major opposition alliance of religious parties, which also includes Mr. Ahmad's group.
Coalition
It was a part of the Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal coalition of Islamist political parties that won 11.3% of the popular vote and 53 out of 272 seats in the legislative elections held on October 20, 2002. In May 2008, it was reported that Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan's emir Qazi Hussain Ahmad was considered heading the six-party Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal. Qazi Hussain Ahmad said that he would consider rejoining the M.M.A after consulting with the executive council of his party and some other seniors. Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (F)'s chief Fazl-ur-Rahman had tasked Sajid Naqvi of T.J.P with contacting Qazi Hussain Ahmad and bringing him round to rejoining the alliance.
The Shiite Muslim religious outfit Tehrik-e-Jafaria Pakistan (T.J.P), also known as the Tehrik-e-Islami, should not be confused with a short-lived outfit named Tehrik-e-Islami that was one of three groups of Pakistan Taliban operating during 2008 in Darra Adam Khel, a semi-tribal area known officially as the Frontier Region of Kohat. The Tehrik-e-Islami and the Pakistan Taliban became active in the area in mid-2007. The former Tehrik-e-Islami was founded by a local Afridi tribesman named Muneer Khan, while the Islamic Taliban was founded by Momin Afridi. The groups later merged and became part of the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan. Both leaders were killed in a military operation in the area in 2008.[5]
See also
References
Vorlage:Pakistani political parties Vorlage:IslamismSA Vorlage:Islamism Vorlage:Pakistan topics
- ↑ Qazi mulls rejoining MMA Daily Times, March 3, 2008
- ↑ Pakistan's militant Islamic groups. BBC News, 13. Januar 2002, abgerufen am 9. September 2010.
- ↑ Pakistan: International Religious Freedom Report 2002. In: Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor. United States Department of State, 13. Januar 2002, abgerufen am 9. September 2010.
- ↑ ?
- ↑ ?