Sharif Ali (Brunei)
Vorlage:EngvarB Vorlage:Use dmy dates Vorlage:Multiple issues Vorlage:Infobox Monarch
Sharif ‘Ali ibn ‘Ajlan ibn Rumaithah ibn Muhammad (Vorlage:Lang-ar) (also known as Sultan Berkat or The Blessed Sultan) was the third Sultan of Brunei, and son-in-law of the second Sultan Ahmad. He was also a scholar of Arabian descent, originating from Ta’if, Hejaz.[1]
Genealogy
Sultan Sharif ‘Ali was a descendant of Muhammad's grandson Al-Hasan ibn ‘Ali. In addition, Sharif ‘Ali served as the Emir of Mecca, and was entitled "Al-Amir Sharif ‘Ali bin Sharif ‘Ajlan bin Sharif Rumaithah bin Sharif Muhammad Abu Numa'i Al-Awwal" (Vorlage:Lang-ar). Sultan Sharif ‘Ali was the ancestor of the Brunei and Sulu royal families.[1]
Reign
Ascension to the Sultanate
He ascended the throne in 1425 CE, after Sultan Ahmad died without leaving any male descendants. However, the inauguration of Sharif ‘Ali did not solely come from the royal family of Sultan Ahmad. Both Brunei citizens and royal counselors agreed that Sharif ‘Ali be the Sultan, because of his deep knowledge in Islam. His merit in spreading Islam was related to his position as a royal ‘alim (Vorlage:Lang-ar, 'scholar') in Brunei, during the reign of Sultan Ahmad. For that reason, his marriage to Puteri Ratna Kesuma, the daughter of Sultan Ahmad, was aimed at strengthening his position as a Sultan and an ‘alim. He was the first Sultan of Brunei with no relational genealogy to former Sultans of the Kingdom.[1]
Activities
Sharif ‘Ali governed Brunei according to Islamic principles, and was therefore considered as a very pious ruler. Due to his popularity, he was nicknamed "Sultan Berkat" ("Blessed Sultan"). He was the first sultan to build a Masjid, and fortified the defense of Brunei by ordering his people to build a stone fortress and town, that is Kota Batu.[2] After his death in 1432, he was succeeded by his son Sulaiman.[1]
Legacy
Sultan Sharif ‘Ali made several changes closely linked to Islamic Law, including basing administration rule on the law, straightening the direction of Qiblah, and creating a law prohibiting people from eating pork. The penalty for violating this law was death.
Besides religious affairs, ‘Ali's administration was responsible for a number of legacies including creating an emblem and banner – the "Tunggul Alam Bernaga" – which symbolised the dignity of Brunei and the Crown of the Sultan. These artefacts continue to be utilised by the current Sultanate.
The mausoleum of Sharif ‘Ali is situated close to the Brunei Museum and the mausoleum of Sultan Bolkiah, the 5th Sultan of Brunei Darussalam. Sultan Sharif ‘Ali's mausoleum was built as a tribute and recognition of his contribution to strengthening the Islamic foundations of the Sultanate. In addition to building ‘Ali's mausoleum, Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah (the 29th Sultan of Brunei) also built a grand mosque named "Masjid Sultan Sharif Ali," as an appreciation for his contributions to Islam. The mosque, which was inaugurated in 1986, is located in Kampong Senkurong; approximately Vorlage:Convert from Bandar Seri Begawan. Several institutions in Brunei also carry Sultan Sharif ‘Ali's name. These include the Sekolah Menengah Sultan Sharif Ali in Kampong Salambigar, Jalan Muara, and the Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali.
The royal symbol's origin came from the World's largest seed, which is called "coco de mer."Vorlage:Citation needed
Vorlage:Sultan of Brunei uncertainties
See also
References
- ↑ a b c d Pusat Sejarah Brunei. www.history-centre.gov.bn, abgerufen am 23. August 2016 (bahasa, melayu).
- ↑ Tsugitaka SATO: Islamic Urbanism. Routledge, 2012, ISBN 978-1-136-16959-5, S. 175 (google.com).