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Omak (Washington)

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Vorlage:About Vorlage:Infobox settlement

Omak (Vorlage:IPAc-en Vorlage:Respell[1]) is a city located in the foothills of the Okanogan Highlands in north-central Washington, United States. With an estimated 4,854 residents as of 2015, distributed over a land area of Vorlage:Convert, Omak is the largest municipality of Okanogan County and the largest municipality in Central Washington north of Wenatchee. The Greater Omak Area of around 8,229 inhabitants as of the 2010 census is the largest urban cluster in the Okanogan Country region, encompassing most of its twin city of Okanogan. The population has increased significantly since the 1910 census, reporting 520 residents just prior to incorporation in 1911.

The land that is now Omak had been inhabited by various Native American tribes before the arrival of non-indigenous settlers in the early 19th century. The city began to develop after the completion of the Okanogan Irrigation Project affecting the Grand Coulee Dam and other nearby electric facilities. The housing and municipal infrastructure, along with regional infrastructure connecting the new town to other municipalities, were built simultaneously in 1908 supported by the local agricultural industry. The name Omak comes from the Okanagan placename [umák],[2] or the Salishan term OmacheVorlage:Mdashwhich is said to mean "good medicine" or "plenty", referring to its favorable climate, with an annual high of around Vorlage:Convert. Omak acts as the gateway to the Okanogan National Forest and consists of a central business district and residential neighborhoods.

Omak is a code city governed by a seven-member council and the state's 4th district. Omak's economy is dominated by the primary industries of agriculture and forestry, although economic diversification has occurred with sawmills and recreational tourism. Nearby recreational destinations include walking trails, state parks and national forests, such as Conconully State Park, Bridgeport State Park and Osoyoos Lake State Park. The city is home to a weekly newspaper, the Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, and a Wenatchee Valley College campus. Standards for education in Omak are higher than the state's average, though drugs and alcohol remains a problem among students. The prominent U.S. Route 97 passes through the town, while Washington State Route 155, as well as Washington State Route 215, connects the city to Okanogan and Nespelem, respectively. By road, Omak is located approximately Vorlage:Convert from Seattle, Washington, Vorlage:Convert from Spokane, Washington and Vorlage:Convert from Kelowna, British Columbia.

History

Origin

The Okanogan Valley was the traditional homeland of the Syilx (also called Okanogan) Native Americans, whose territory extended north into what is now Canada. The Syilx acquired horses in the mid-18th century, which helped them expand northward. They first met non-native traders and missionaries in the early 19th century. The Syilx participated in trade fairs held at Kettle Falls and at the mouth of the Fraser River. Trading networks strengthened after the acquisition of horses in the mid-18th century.[3]

In 1811 Fort Okanogan was built by the Pacific Fur Company at the confluence of the Okanogan and Columbia Rivers. The fort's ownership passed to the North West Company, then the Hudson's Bay Company. Fort Colvile, near Kettle Falls, was another important fur trading outpost. The Okanogan River was used by fur brigades traveling between Fort Okanogan and Kamloops. In the late 1850s this route became known as the Okanagan Trail and was widely used as an inland route to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush.

In the 1850s, European-Americans settled in the area that is now Omak and built houses and inaugurated mining, logging and agricultural activities. As more white settlers arrived, a dispute about land ownership arose between them and the Native Americans.[4]

Ben Ross' cabin

In response, a treaty stating that an Indian reservation would be formed on some of the disputed land while the European-Americans would own the remaining land was signed. The Indian land was later reduced to about Vorlage:Convert. Colville Indian Reservation was developed around 1872 by President Ulysses S. Grant. In 1887, the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, a federally recognized tribe, was formed by executive order from 12 individual bands as per the General Allotment Act of 1887. The federal government decided to move Colville Indian Reservation's location west of Columbia River, reducing its area to Vorlage:Convert. It would continue to be reduced for the next 60 years.[4]

Nearby Alma was platted as an unincorporated community around 1886. Alma was renamed Pogue in honor of orchardist J.I. Pogue, and was later renamed OkanoganVorlage:Mdashthe present name. J.I. Pogue was upset that his name was replaced, and requested that surveyor, civil engineer and settler Ben Ross establish another town Vorlage:Convert to the north.[5] Born in Bureau County, Illinois, Ross worked for the Great Northern Railroad shortly before moving to Okanogan County.[6] He decided to found a new community at Pogue's proposed location during 1907.[5] It was named Omak, supposedly for the Salishan word OmacheVorlage:Mdashsaid to mean "good medicine" or "plenty"Vorlage:Mdashand referring to the town's favorable climate;[4] although according to William Bright the name comes from the Okanagan placename [umák].[2] Ross sold various items on the present townsite, trying to have his town recognized,[5] and built a cabin in 1907 to provide shelter for his daughter, son and grandchildrenVorlage:Mdashbecoming one of the first white men to settle the area.[7]

Growth

Omak Schoolhouse, 1910

The town began to develop after the completion of the Okanogan Irrigation Project, which was designed to facilitate farming. At this time, many farmers came to Omak looking for homes.[8][9] Fruits including apples, berries, peaches, plums and watermelons were cultivated after 1910.[10] Omak served as a census-designated place (CDP) in 1910,[11] and incorporated as a city on February 11, 1911.[12] Omak and Okanogan have shared a rivalry in high school sports. During the Great Depression of 1933, several residents of Omak were forced to work in nearby communities. As a result, the United States Bureau of Reclamation promoted work which was available as part of an improvement project at Grand Coulee Dam in nearby Coulee Dam, which employed approximately 5,000 people between 1933 and 1951 when the megaproject ended.[4] By 1950, the city was home to various buildings and structures including the St. Mary Mission church, which satisfied residential needs.[4][13][14]

Skyline of Omak, 1909

In the 1910s, Omak was chosen as the location for a sawmill to expand economic growth. Omak Fruit Growers controlled the mill and a nearby orchard processing factory. The Biles-Coleman Lumber Company bought out the organization and built a sawmill outside municipal boundaries on the nearby Omak Mountain in 1924. A secondary sawmill was constructed in the Omak area. The company and their mills were purchased in 1975 by Crown Zellerbach and thus an associated organizationVorlage:MdashCavenham Forest IndustriesVorlage:Mdashacquired the mills. The company ultimately went bankrupt, and in response, employees purchased the mill for 45 million dollars and renamed it Omak Wood Products in an attempt to save their jobs.[4] Omak Woods Products' payroll decreased to 480 in the early 1990s and later went bankrupt themselves, along with Quality Veneer, who later owned the property for 19 million dollars until 2000.[4] The Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation later purchased the mill for 6.6 million dollars, having closed in 2009 because of low demand, ending over 130 jobs.[15] As of 2013, there are proposals to reopen the mills during the summer season.[16]

Geography

Topography

Map of the city limits (in purple) for Omak

The Canada–United States borderVorlage:Mdashwith an official crossing into Osoyoos, British Columbia from OrovilleVorlage:Mdashlies approximately Vorlage:Convert to the north.[17] The Idaho border lies about Vorlage:Convert southeast.[18] The state's largest city, Seattle, lies Vorlage:Convert southwest of Omak.[19] The Okanogan River, coming out of the town of Riverside, defines the city's northern border, while the southern border is defined by the city of Okanogan; the terrain here is mountainous and forested.[20] The nearest primary statistical area is the Wenatchee – East Wenatchee metropolitan area.[21] A CDP located northeast of the city was named North Omak because of its proximity to Omak. It is part of two census county divisions: Omak (western half) and Colville Reservation (eastern half).[22][23]

Omak, situated in the foothills of the Okanogan Highlands in central Okanogan County,[24] is part of the Okanogan Country region, extending into British Columbia.[25][26] It also lies within the Inland Northwest, centered on Spokane, and the Columbia Plateau ecoregion near the Okanogan Drift Hills.[27] The Okanogan River, a Vorlage:Convert tributary of the Columbia River, flows through the central portion of the city,[20] and receives Omak Creek from the east just outside municipal boundaries.[20] Known for its balancing Omak Rock,[28] the Vorlage:Convert Omak LakeVorlage:MdashVorlage:Convert above sea levelVorlage:Mdashis the largest saline endorheic lake in Washington.[29][30] The Vorlage:Convert Crawfish Lake is located about Vorlage:Convert northeast of Omak at the border of the Colville Indian Reservation and Okanogan National Forest.[31] The Vorlage:Convert forest comprises varied terrain and several mountain peaks.[32]

Omak Lake

Elevations around the area range from Vorlage:Convert above sea level at the mouth of the Okanogan River to Vorlage:Convert above sea level at the Moses Mountain.[33] The average elevation is Vorlage:Convert above sea level according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS). The Moses Mountain, with a summit, sits east of the city,[34] while Little Moses Mountain, located Vorlage:Convert above sea level, and Omak Mountain, located Vorlage:Convert above sea level, are adjacent to the Moses Mountain.[33] West of the city are the North Cascades, anchored by the Cascade Range.[20] Mountain peaks on the western portion of the Omak area range between Vorlage:Convert and Vorlage:Convert.[35] The Coleman Butte mountain summitVorlage:MdashVorlage:Convert above sea levelVorlage:Mdashis located directly adjacent to municipal boundaries.[36][37]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city encompasses a total area of Vorlage:Convert, including Vorlage:Convert of water, accounting for two percent of the overall area.[38] The area expanded in April 2010, when Vorlage:Convert of land formerly within the city of Okanogan was accumulated.[39] Omak is the fourth largest settlement in Okanogan County by area after Nespelem Community (Vorlage:Convert), North Omak (Vorlage:Convert) and Disautel (Vorlage:Convert).[38] Omak covers 0.07 percent of the county's total area. Its Vorlage:Convert urban cluster, the Greater Omak Area, includes the city of Okanogan and the CDP of North Omak.[40][41] The surrounding metropolitan region comprises a total area of Vorlage:Convert, although it has not officially been designated as a statistical area.[42]

Climate

The city experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen climate classification BSk), with little precipitation, hot summers and cold winters. Average temperatures in Omak range from Vorlage:Convert in January to Vorlage:Convert in July. The lowest temperature recorded was Vorlage:Convert on February 1, 1950 and the highest was Vorlage:Convert on July 26, 1928. The annual daily mean temperature is Vorlage:Convert. Average monthly precipitation ranges from Vorlage:Convert in August to Vorlage:Convert in December.[43][44] Despite its geographical location further south, the city of Wenatchee maintains almost the same average annual temperature as Omak,[45] as well as several other southern communities.[46][47]

Omak experiences four distinct seasons.[35] Summers are hot and relatively dry, with a daily average of Vorlage:Convert in July, while winter is the wettest season of the year, with Vorlage:Convert of snowfall between November and February. Spring and autumn are mild seasons with little precipitation.[43][44] The city is located in plant hardiness zone 6a, according to the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).[48] In July 2012, a severe thunderstorm occurred in Omak, producing heavy rainfall, gusty winds and hail, and forced the temporary closure of U.S. Route 97 and requiring repairs to public streets.[49] Omak was affected by the 1872 North Cascades earthquakeVorlage:Mdashthe state's largest historical earthquakeVorlage:Mdashwhich occurred on December 14, 1872.[50][51] The epicenter was at Omak Lake.[52] The earthquake had a magnitude of between 6.5 and 7.0 and was followed by an aftershock.[53][54] Another earthquake with minor shaking affected the city in November 2011.[55][56]

Vorlage:Weather box

Cityscape

The post office of Omak, managed by the United States Postal Service (USPS)

Omak is a planned city. Throughout the 20th century, Ross designed what would become the city of Omak.[6][57] Within a year of its establishment, the town had a central business district with a public bank and hotel supported by the local agricultural industry.[4][58] The town was provided with a post office, previously known as Epley. Ross founded Omak School District in 1906; soon after this its first school, Omak Schoolhouse, was built. In 1910, a meat market, hardware shop, law office, stationery and confectionery store were constructed in Downtown Omak.[59] A steel bridge built the following year collapsed into the Okanogan River upon initial use. It was quickly rebuilt with no further problems.[5][60]

The city consists of a central business district and residential areas.[4][61] Downtown Omak, the central business district, is the economic center for Omak and Okanogan County. There are several functional churches in the city.[62] The post office in OmakVorlage:Mdashmanaged by United States Postal Service (USPS)Vorlage:Mdashis the city's only listing of the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).[63] The Breadline Cafe is a notable restaurant and music venue in Downtown Omak.[64][65] The City of Omak maintains the Omak Memorial Cemetery, comprising around 3,747 graves in a region located adjacent to Washington State Route 215, having been formerly known as Okanoma Cemetery.[66] The Vorlage:Convert North Omak Business Park, the city's business park, is bordered by U.S. Route 97 from the east.[67][68] The city's residential neighborhoods are encompassed by East Omak and South Omak.[4][69]

Demographics

Vorlage:Main article

Bevölkerungsentwicklung
Census Einwohner ± rel.
1910 520 —
1920 525 1 %
1930 2.547 385,1 %
1940 2.918 14,6 %
1950 3.791 29,9 %
1960 4.068 7,3 %
1970 4.164 2,4 %
1980 4.007 −3,8 %
1990 4.117 2,7 %
2000 4.721 14,7 %
2010 4.845 2,6 %
2020 4.860 0,3 %
Schätzung 2015 4.854 [70] 0,2 %
Sources:
Greater Omak
Comprehensive Plan[11]
[71] U.S. Decennial Census[72]
2015 Estimate[73]

The 1910 United States Census, before the city's incorporation, recorded 520 residents. The following 1920 censusVorlage:Mdashthe first to define Omak as a distinct subdivisionVorlage:Mdashcounted 2,500 residents, making it the most populous municipality of Okanogan County, having surpassed Okanogan (1,519 residents).[4][11] Subsequent census counts documented an increase to 4,000 residents before a shrink in population at the 1980 census, when fruit prices rose, land was lost, and major employers were shut down.[4] After this decline, the population steadily increased, approaching approximately 5,000 residents by the 2000 census. Between 1990 and 2000, the city's population experienced a boom of 14.7 percent,[11] while between 2000 and 2010, the population increased by around 2.6 percent.[39][74] The United States Census Bureau estimated that there were 4,792 residents in 2013, representing a 0.6 percent increase over the 2010 census,[75] while an estimate from Office of Federal Financial Management in 2013 documented a population decrease of 0.3 percent to 4,830 people.[76] A 2011 study from the United States Census Bureau showed that there were 4,881 residents, a 0.7 percent increase over the 2010 census.

The historic St. Mary's Mission church

According to the 2010 census, Omak had 4,845 residents living in 2,037 households, with Vorlage:Convert. These residents created an average age of 38Vorlage:Mdashone year higher than that of the entire state.[74] About 15 percent of residents were single and 13 percent were lone-parent households. With 2,168 housing units at an average density of Vorlage:Convert, the city's populace consisted of 2,540 females and 2,305 males, giving it a gender balance close to national averages with 14.8 percent male and 11.9 percent female.[77] The racial makeup was dominated by white people, with 71 percent of the population. Between the 2000 and 2010 censuses, Omak had an increase of 10 families to 1,230 and a decrease of 21 lone-parent families. Omak had an urbanized population of 8,229 people, with Vorlage:Convert and around 20 percent of the county's residents.[41][78] The last complete census in 2000 found that the average household consisted of around two residents and the average family consisted of approximately three people.[71]

Approximately 89.5 percent of residents over the age of five spoke English at home, according to the 2007–2011 American Community Survey. It was then estimated that 889 people, comprising 18.5 percent of local inhabitants have German ancestryVorlage:Mdashthe largest ethnicity in OmakVorlage:Mdashand 15.3 percent have Irish ancestry. The Omak area has a relatively high percentage of people of American Indian and Mexican ancestries; there were over 80 American Indians and over 535 Mexican immigrants, with a combined percentage of 28 percent of residents. Conversely, the city has a small Asian population, making up less than one percent of Omakians. The 2010 census showed that approximately 35 percent of residents lived alone, most of whom were female. Those over the age of 65 comprised about 16 percent of the population.[71] There have been several efforts to provide service to the homeless people of Omak,[79] although official population figures have not been released.

Economy

Breadline Cafe
Mirage Theaters

Omak is the commercial center for the rural communities of Okanogan County and other nearby settlements.[4] It is the regional center for services and trade in the county. Vorlage:As of, the city's economy is experiencing significant growth, according to the County of Okanogan.[80] It is an agricultural community with a reliant forestry industry. In the late 1990s and early 2000s, almost 90 percent of Omak's manufacturing jobs were in the city's two sawmills. Infrastructure services and retail trades were also major industries. About 425 private firms employed a total of 3,332 workers in local industries including manufacturing, retail and infrastructure, at this time.[4] Located within Greater Omak, the adjacent city of Okanogan serves as the administrative center for Okanogan County, the region's largest employer.[81]

Vorlage:As of, there are 1,859 civilians over the age of 16 employed in the city of Omak. Despite its recognition as an agricultural community, there were only 26 inhabitants employed in the agriculture and forestry industries, but the surrounding area has more agricultural jobs. Office and sale services were the largest occupation in Omak, comprising approximately 30 percent of the city's total employees, followed by business occupations, with 26.5 percent. Majority of residents work in public services.[82] Approximately seven percent of people in Omak are unemployed, while 25 percent live below the poverty line, including 34 percent of those under 18 and 10 percent of those aged 65 or over. The cost of living rate is 85.5 per unit, less than state and national averages. During the 2007–2011 American Community Survey, the city had a per capita income of $17,785 and an average income of $31,649 per household.[82] Omak's 98841 zip code maintained 265 businesses in 2011, with an average payroll of $78,884.[83]

The city has a Walmart store, which was built in 1993 as the state's first such store,[84] serving over 60,000 residents.[85] The process of opening the retail facility took various discussions and approvals. Proposals in Omak began around 1992, in which Vorlage:Convert of land were expropriated from the Omak Planning Commission.[86][87] Local retailers feared that the chain would devastate their businesses, although other people felt that it would increase business at other shopping regions in the city.[85] Shortly after its opening, numerous shoppers came to the Omak area looking for items. Walmart hired approximately 200 employees, boosting the city's economy significantly and becoming among Okanogan County's largest retailer for a short period.[84] The store was later allowed to remain open for 24 hours per day.[88]

Omak's economy is also driven by a mixture of tourism. Nearby recreational destinations, with their mild climate, increase the local economy significantly. The local Ace Hardware, Big 5 Sporting Goods, Big R and Walmart retail stores maintain license vendors for recreational activities.[89] There is a Vorlage:Convert shopping mall, the Omache Shopping Center, located in North Omak Business Park along U.S. Route 97,[68][90] which attracts residents from nearby rural communities.[91] Established in 1987,[92] the mall is home to 12 stores and services.[90] Hotels in Omak include Best Western,[93] Rodeway Inn,[94] Omak Inn,[61] and Motel Nicholas.[95] Omak is the headquarters of two infrastructure organizations: Okanogan County Transportation & Nutrition[96] and Cascade and Columbia River Railroad.

Culture

Nicknames

The municipality has been named a "tree city" for ten consecutive years since April 2007.[97] The Washington Department of Natural Resources announced on April 11, 2013, that Omak had again been named a "tree city" because of their continuous efforts to "keep urban forests healthy and vibrant" for 15 years.[98] The City of Omak brands itself as the "Heart of the Okanogan"—referring to its significant economic importance in the Okanogan. The Okanogan County Tourism Council uses the same branding to define the Greater Omak region.[24][99] It is officially recognized as the City of Omak;[24] Omak residents are known as Omakians.[100]

Tourism

Agricultural land and mountains of Omak

The Omak Stampede, which operates the Suicide Race, has been hosted at a local rodeo facility, the Stampede ArenaVorlage:Mdashrenovated in 2009[101]Vorlage:Mdashsince 1933.[102][103] The Omak Stampede occurs annually on the second weekend of August. During the event, the city has an estimated population of approximately 30,000 people.[104][105] As part of the Suicide Race, horses and riders run down Suicide HillVorlage:Mdasha 62-degree slope that runs for Vorlage:Convert to the Okanogan River.[106] Horses must pass a veterinarian examination to ensure they are physically healthy, and a swim test to ensure they can cross the river, to demonstrate their ability to run the race and navigate the river.[107] Several animal rights groups, including Progressive Animal Welfare Society (PAWS), In Defense of Animals and Humane Society of the United States (HSUS), have expressed concerns about the horses' welfare and have opposed the specific event.[108][109]

Loup Loup Ski Bowl

Other significant events include the Omak Film Festival, inclusive of a variety of films at the Wenatchee Valley College and Omak Theater,[110][111] the Okanogan County Fair, an annual carnival at the County Fairgrounds[112] and the Omak Western and Native Art Show, a Native American carnival.[113] In an attempt to increase tourism, the City of Omak operates a Main Street Historical Tour in the central business district.[114] A local recreational complex comprises a Native American wooden sculpture area.[115] Two functional movie theaters, the single screen Omak Theater, built in 1928, and the Mirage Theater with three screens, built in 2004, service the city.[116][117] A drive-in theater, with a capacity of 250 automobiles, was proposed in 1948, but never built.[118]

The Omak Visitor Information CenterVorlage:Mdashdeemed the "best little information center in the west"Vorlage:Mdashhas historical images and a gift shop offering pamphlets regarding Okanogan County and surrounding regions.[64] The Okanogan County Historical Museum comprises a historic fire hall, research center, genealogical area and a display of historical photographs or the area. The Omak Performing Arts CenterVorlage:Mdasha 500-seat venue which hosts presentations, ceremonies, and performancesVorlage:Mdashwas built by Omak School District in 1989.[4][119] There is a Vorlage:Convert casino operated by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation since 2008, incorporating over 400 gaming machines, a convention center, and an arcade.[120] Nearby Okanogan Bingo Casino, along U.S. Route 97, also primarily serves Omak, consisting of approximately 360 gaming machines.[121]

Recreation

A public beach located adjacent to Omak Lake

The area's mild climate and its close proximity to lakes, rivers, and mountains make Omak an outdoor recreational destination. The city maintains eight general recreational complexes, of which the Vorlage:Convert Eastside Park, with an enclosed skate park, municipal pool, seven baseball diamonds, four soccer fields and tennis courts, and two basketball courts, is the largest.[122] Civic League Park is the municipality's oldest park, while Dalton Klessig Park is the newest.[123] The Omak City Park Board has been formed to protect these public spaces.[124] Omak has several beaches at the north-south shores of Omak Lake on the Colville Indian Reservation, comprising over Vorlage:Convert of sandy land.[125][126] Fishing and boating are available at Omak Lake,[127][128] and at the Fry Lake and Duck Lake—near the city's local airport[20][129]—and Conconully Lake, Crawfish Lake and the Okanogan River, all of which are home to several species.[130][131] The Valley Lanes bowling alley serves the city and has hosted intrastate competitions,[132] while the Okanogan Valley Golf ClubVorlage:Mdasha country club with Vorlage:Convert golf coursesVorlage:Mdashis located in Omak.[133]

The Okanogan National Forest provides residents with hiking trails close to home.

The Okanogan National Forest, the largest forest on the West Coast, provides residents with trails for walking, hiking and cycling close to home and encompasses several skiing regions.[134][135] It received approximately 397,000 visitors in 2005,[136] most of whom came from over Vorlage:Convert away.[137] Numerous general recreational opportunities, such as hunting and rock scenery, are available nearby.[134] There are various hiking trails in nearby hilly areas, including Omak Mountain and its look-out tower,[138] and Moses Mountain.[139] The Granite Mountain Trail is located between the forests about Vorlage:Convert away from the city.[140][141] There is skiing available about Vorlage:Convert west of town at the Loup Loup Ski Bowl.[142][143] Nearby state parks include Conconully State Park (Vorlage:Convert northwest),[144] Bridgeport State Park (Vorlage:Convert south),[145] Osoyoos Lake State Park (Vorlage:Convert north),[146] and Alta Lake State Park (Vorlage:Convert southwest),[147] Birdwatchers can see quail, anatidae, turkey buzzard, wild turkey and bald eagles in the Omak area.[99]

Camping is available at local recreational vehicle parks (RV parks), including Carl Precht Memorial RV Park,[148] Sunset Lakes RV Park (adjacent to Duck Lake),[129] and Margie's R.V. Park.[149] There are over a half-dozen campgrounds in proximity to Omak.[150] The Omak–Okanogan region has been well known for its rock climbing structures since the early 1970s.[151] Nearby communities in Okanogan County offer horseback riding and hunting.[61] Fishing and boating is achievable within short distance,[131] at the nearby Omak Lake.[127][128] The Omak Pioneers represent Omak High School as their baseball,[152] basketball,[153] football,[154] soccer,[155] volleyball,[156] and wrestling teams.[157] There are separate teams based on age and gender.[158] There are all-terrain vehicle (ATV) courses located nearby, specifically in the Loup Loup Ski Bowl.[159]

Media

Omak Theater

In 1910, C.P.Scates established the Omak Chronicle.[160] Three years later, it was renamed the Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle and expanded its coverage to the whole county as its primary newspaper.[161] In February 1998, an online version was established,[162] which had approximately 170,000 viewers in April 2013.[163] He later became the owner and publisher.[164] Since then, the newspaper has been expanded to serve nearby Ferry County.[162][165] The Okanogan Valley Gazette–Tribune, based in Oroville, and The Wenatchee World, based in Wenatchee, with an administration office in nearby Okanogan,[166] also serve Omak as alternative publications.[167][168]

Newscasters Becki and John P. Andrist own three licensed radio stations in the city.[169] Branded as "Radio Okanogan", KOMW broadcasts a middle-of-the-road format and serves the entire Okanogan County,[170] while country music station KNCW features programming from Citadel Media and Dial Global.[171] KZBE also broadcasts programming from Dial Global in the hot adult contemporary format,[172] while KQWS operates from Washington State University as Northwest Public Radio.[173] KOMQ rebroadcasts KPBX-FM from Spokane.[174] Spokane stations including KEEH and WXL86,[175] and CJMG-FM, commonly known as Sun FM, from Penticton, British Columbia are receivable in the Omak area.

Omak is well-served by television and radio, with all major U.S. networks and at least five other English-language stations available. Omak cable viewers can also receive CHAN-DT (Global Television Network) from Vancouver, British Columbia.[176] The nearest major television market area is based in the Seattle metropolitan area.[177] The Omak–Okanogan market area includes several broadcast television stations that can be received in the city. K17EV-D, channel 17Vorlage:Mdasha broadcast translator of KSPS-TVVorlage:Mdashis branded as Public Broadcasting Service (PBS),[178] while K07DG, channel 7, rebroadcasts KREM, a CBS affiliate, in the municipality.[179] An American Broadcasting Company (ABC) affiliate, KXLY-TV is translated as K09DG in Omak.[180] K11DM, channel 11, is a translator of National Broadcasting Company (NBC)'s KHQ-TV,[181] Community television stations, K19AU-D and the Fox Broadcasting Company translator at K31AH-D, are owned by Mountain Licenses and operate from Omak,[182][183] in addition to a Three Angels Broadcasting Network-owned station, K26GV-D.[184] The Riverside market area is nearby and contains three licensed television stations which can be received, including K08CY,[185] K10DM,[186] and K12CV.[187]

Government and politics

Omak City Hall

The City of Omak's mayor–council government comprises a mayorVorlage:Mdashwho also represents north-central Washington's separate economic development district[188]Vorlage:Mdashand a seven-member council.[189] These positions, stipulated by the Omak City Code,[190] are subject to at-large elections every two years, rather than by geographic subdivisions.[191][192] Like most portions of the United States, government and laws are run by a series of ballot initiatives whereby citizens can pass or reject laws, referenda whereby citizens can approve or reject legislation already passed, and propositions where specific government agencies can propose new laws or tax increases directly to the people. Federally, Omak is part of Washington's 4th congressional district,[193] represented by Republican Doc Hastings, elected in 1995. The current mayor, Cindy Gagne, was first elected in 2000 as a councilwomen, and was appointed in May 2009.[194]

The State of Washington operates a public government administration office in Omak for access to social and health assistance.[195] Omak is considered to be a code city,[196] based on proposals to provide the local government with more authority from its previous second-class city status.[197] With a functional court for traffic, parking and civil infractions, the city maintains the sewer, water, local road, sidewalk, street lighting, animal control, building inspection, park, and recreation services. It also funds a volunteer fire department which services Omak and nearby rural communities. The Omak Fire Department estimated that there were 312 service calls around 2012, of which 80 included fire emergencies, 105 emergency medical incidents, six hazardous conditions, 26 service calls and three calls related to excessive heat concerns.[198]

Omak is also governed by an eight-member planning commissionVorlage:Mdashpart of the Omak City CouncilVorlage:Mdashwhich also operates the Greater Omak Comprehensive Plan, adopted in April 2004 and consisting of improvements considered for the city and surrounding communities.[35][199] The five-member Omak Library Board and Tree Board are also divisions of the Omak City Council, with public meetings taking place at the Omak Public Library.[200] With four-year terms for participants, the local Civil Service Commission services Omak.[201] The City of Omak's income has been $1,170,828 for two consecutive years, of which $1,207,026 was used as an expenditure.[202][203] Shortly after being incorporated in 1911, Omak unsuccessfully contested Okanogan to become the administrative center of Okanogan County, after Conconully lost its status.[204] During the temperance movement before national prohibition, Omak residents favored the banishment of alcohol in Washington, which was opposed by those of Okanogan.[5] The United States Army (USA) operates two military recruiting centers in Omak,[205] although a historical military band, the Omak Military Band, also operated around 1910.[206]

The five-officer Omak Police Department detachment, which covered the municipality and nearby rural communities, reported over 180 criminal code offenses in 2010. The city's crime rate of 154 offenses per 100,000 people is 28 percent higher than the 2010 state average and one percent higher than the 2010 federal average.[207] According to Uniform Crime Report statistics compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) in 2011, there were 19 violent crimes and 166 property crimes. The violent crimes consisted of one forcible rape, three robberies and 15 aggravated assaults, while 32 burglaries, 104 larceny-thefts, eight motor vehicle thefts and one arson defined the property crimes. The FBI classifies Omak as having 4,921 people located within the Omak Police Department area.[208] The city's highest crime rate was recorded in 2004, with 413 incidents per 100,000 people. Until 2013, when a murder and motor-vehicle theft occurred in the city,[209] there had not been a homicide for over ten consecutive years.[210] The crime in Omak has decreased throughout the past decade.[211] Before marijuana was legalized in Washington, marijuana users were arrested, per state law.[212] Growers, drug lords and international smugglers residing in the Omak area are still arrested.[213]

Education

The Omak Public Library is a branch of North Central Regional Library (NCRL).

The 2010 census estimated that 1,057 people in Omak have attended college, while 504 residents received an academic degree; more than five percent higher than the state average. Approximately 91.5 percent graduated from high school or a more advanced institution; two percent higher than the state average.[71][74] Omak's schools are administered by the county's largest educational district, Omak School District, which operate two mainstream high schools, one mainstream middle school, two mainstream elementary schools and three virtual schools.[214] Omak High School, built in 1919,[215] had a 2010–11 enrollment of 435 students,[216] while the Omak Alternative High School had an enrollment of 48 students. In contrast to the municipal average as a whole with 2,540 females and 2,305 males,[71] Omak Alternative High School had 28 males and 20 females attending the institution.[217] Omak Middle School, with an enrolment of 339 children, had 171 males and 169 females in the 2010–11 school season.[218] The city's primary schools are East Omak Elementary and North Omak Elementary which had a combined 2010–11 enrollment of 748 children.[219][220]

Wenatchee Valley College maintains an Omak campus.

In February 2010, Omak became the third settlement in Washington to have a virtual school.[221] During the 2010–11 season, Washington Virtual Academy Omak Elementary, Washington Virtual Academy Omak Middle School, and Washington Virtual Academy Omak High School had a combined enrollment of 969 pupils.[222][223][224] The private Omak Adventist Christian School, which operates outside of Omak School District, had 16 pupils in 2011. It is affiliated with the nearby General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[225] The Veritas Classical Christian School has also operated in the Omak region.[226]

The Omak Public Library, managed by North Central Regional Library (NCRL),[227] was established in 1956 under provisions of state law passed by the City of Omak.[228] The library is open daily, except on Sundays in the summer season.[200] The community college, Wenatchee Valley College,[229] maintains a campus in Omak,[230] which had an enrollment increase of 19 percent between the 2009–10 and 2010–11 educational seasons.[231] Located approximately Vorlage:Convert from the main campus in Wenatchee,[232] it was established in the 1970s,[230] and offers adult education classes and two-year associate degrees.[233] Based in Toppenish about Vorlage:Convert away,[234] Heritage University operates an Omak campus consolidated with Wenatchee Valley College's, providing degrees in several academic subjects.[235]

Infrastructure

Washington State Route 215 along Omak Avenue as a spur route

The 2010 census estimated that 89.3 percent of residents in Omak commuted to work by automobile; more than the state average of 72.4 percent. Four percent of residents carpooled; fewer than Washington's average. 3.8 percent walked; close to the state average. The median time to travel to work was 11.5 minutes, less than the state average of 25.5 minutes.[236] In the late 1960s, U.S. Route 97 was rerouted to the east and Downtown Omak was bypassed. Large signs located just off U.S. Route 97 promote the city's central business district.[64]

Washington State Route 215 runs north-south through Omak, connecting the city to Okanogan Vorlage:Convert to the south. U.S. Route 97 and State Route 20 also run north-south through Omak, connecting the municipality to Okanogan Vorlage:Convert south along this route and Brewster Vorlage:Convert south, Nespelem Vorlage:Convert southeast is connected to the community by the east-west State Route 155, before it becomes a spur route and continues west along Omak Avenue to terminate into State Route 215. The residential areas are separated from the industrial sector and the highway by backroads near the major highways. Omak's central business district is connected by several spur routes along municipal roads, such as Riverside Drive, Main Street and Okoma Drive.[237]

Aerial view of Omak and Okanogan County

Omak has rail, air, and bus services for regional and state transportation. Rail lines from Cascade and Columbia River Railroad enter Omak from Oroville in the north and Wenatchee in the south. The line interchanges with BNSF Railway in the Wenatchee area.[238] The City of Omak operates the general Omak Airport. The paved runway is the third largest in central Washington.[239] The airport provides three daily charter flights, except on Saturdays and Sundays.[35] Wings for Christ Airport and Mid-Valley Hospital EMS Heliport are private aviation ports.[240][241] The closest commercial airports are located in Penticton[242] and East Wenatchee.[243] Okanogan County Transportation & Nutrition provides bus services in the city,[244][245] and the federal Amtrak and Greyhound Lines maintain bus stops there.[246][247]

The 30-bed Mid-Valley Hospital provides medical services, including a 24-hour emergency medical service, ambulance service, nursing care, a birthing center, and a trauma center.[248] The facility employs 10 physicians and dentists, 20 registered nurses and two licensed practical nurses.[249] Established in July 2000, Okanogan Behavioral Healthcare serves the city as an alternative medical facility.[250] Numerous nursing homes, including Rosegarden Care Center, New LifeStyles and The Source for Seniors, operate in Omak.[251] The city's clinic was constructed in 1996 using $4,800,000 of local funds.[252] The City of Omak measures residents' drinking water use and provides storm drains, solid waste, and garbage services since 1984. Residents under 60 are charged a 10 percent utility tax on purchases.[253] Electricity is supplied by Okanogan County Public Utility District,[254] and natural gas by Amerigas. Other utility companies serving Omak include AT&T (telephone);[255] and Comcast (telephone, Internet, and cable television).[256]

Notable people

An Interior Salish basket with patterns similar to what Joe Feddersen creates in his work.

Joe Feddersen was born to a German American father and an Okanagan–Sinixt mother in Omak in 1953. Feddersen later became an active member of the Colville Indian Reservation and primarily serves as a sculptor, painter and photographer, known for creating artworks with strong geometric patterns reflective of the landscape and his Native American heritage. He was first exposed to printmaking at Wenatchee Valley College under the direction of Robert Graves and worked as an art instructor at the Evergreen State College in Olympia, after he earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts from the University of Washington and his Masters of Fine Arts degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.[257][258] In 2009, Feddersen moved back to Omak, after leaving his teaching position at the Evergreen State College.[259]

Marv Hagedorn was born in Omak in 1956. He was raised in northern Idaho and served in the United States Navy (USN) from 1973 to 1994 while attending Pensacola Junior College and the University of Maryland.[260] He entered politics and was elected to the Idaho House of Representatives by Governor Butch Otter in January 2007. In 2012, he was laid off,[261] and was elected to represent the Idaho State Senate. Outside politics he is a member of the Disabled American Veterans and North American Fishing Association.[262] Hagedorn and his wife later decided to reside in Meridian, Idaho, along with their children.[263]

Don McCormack was born in Omak in 1955. He later entered baseball and made his major league debut as a catcher with the Philadelphia Phillies in 1980, after being chose as fourth round draft pick at the 1974 Major League Baseball Draft. McCormack would end up participating in a total of five games in the major league between 1980 and 1981 and spent nine years playing in the minor leagues for the Detroit Tigers and Philadelphia Tigers farm teams.[264] McCormack later managed the Reading Phillies (Eastern League) and served as the bench coach of the Long Island Ducks (Atlantic League) for a short period, but was replaced.[265][266]

William Stephen Skylstad, delivered in Omak on a garage table around 1934 to a Norwegian father and a Minnesotan mother, was raised on a farm near Skylstad, Norway, where his family later moved. When he was 14 years old, Skylstad left home to attend seminary in the United States, and was trained for the priesthood at Pontifical College Josephinum in Worthington, Ohio. Twelve years later, he was ordained a priest of the Diocese of Spokane on May 21, 1960. Skylstad serves as a Roman Catholic Bishop and a Bishop Emeritus of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Spokane, having retired on June 30, 2010. He was appointed as the Apostolic Administrator of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Baker, in Oregon, on January 24, 2011, upon the appointment of Bishop Robert F. Vasa as Coadjutor Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santa Rosa in California.[267]

International relations

According to the Lieutenant Governor of Washington, Omak is a sister municipality with Summerland, British Columbia,[268] a district with a population of 11,280 people according to the 2011 Canadian census.[269] Located on Okanagan Lake in the adjacent Okanagan-Similkameen Regional District, Summerland was incorporated in December 21, 1906,[270] and is located Vorlage:Convert north of Omak.[271] An agricultural community like Omak, Summerland comprises several trails for hiking, walking or cycling.[272]

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Bibliography

Vorlage:Sister project links

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  1. ↑ Merriam (1997), p. 869
  2. ↑ a b William Bright: Native American Placenames of the United States. University of Oklahoma Press, 2004, ISBN 978-0-8061-3598-4, S. 350 (google.com).
  3. ↑ Barry Pritzker: A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples. Oxford University Press, 2000, ISBN 978-0-19-513877-1, S. 270–272 (google.com).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Lisa Tobe: Omak, Okanogan County, Washington. (PDF) Sierra Institute for Community and Environment, abgerufen am 19. März 2013.
  5. ↑ a b c d e Rick Steigmeyer: OmakVorlage:MdashStampede town In: The Wenatchee World, March 20, 2008. Abgerufen im April 30, 2013 
  6. ↑ a b Ross's third addition to Omak, Okanogan County, Washington, (1928). Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  7. ↑ Ben Ross cabin, Omak, Washington. University of Washington, abgerufen am 30. April 2013.
  8. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Streets of Omak, Washington in 1910. Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  9. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Concrete Lined Canal of the Okanogan Irrigation Project, ca. 1912. Washington State University, abgerufen am 20. März 2013.
  10. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Watermelon Picnic Near Omak, Washington, ca. 1910. Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  11. ↑ a b c d Greater Omak Comprehensive Plan. (PDF) City of Omak, 1. Juli 2005, abgerufen am 15. März 2013.
  12. ↑ Cities and Towns, State of Washington Dates of Incorporation, Disincorporation, and Changes of Classification. Municipal Research and Services Center, 1979, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  13. ↑ Colville mission and school, St. Mary's Mission, Omak, Washington. Northwest Museum of Arts and Culture, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  14. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Omak, 1910. Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  15. ↑ Omak lumber mill closing in December In: The Seattle Times, November 6, 2009. Abgerufen im March 30, 2013 
  16. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: Omak plywood mill to reopen after four-year shutdown In: The Wenatchee World, March 30, 2013. Abgerufen im April 14, 2013 
  17. ↑ Vorlage:Google maps
  18. ↑ Vorlage:Google maps
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  22. ↑ Omak, CCD Reference Map. (PDF) United States Census Bureau, 5. Oktober 2010, abgerufen am 22. Juni 2013.
  23. ↑ United States Census Bureau (2002), p. 166
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  25. ↑ Inland Empire. Merriam-Webster, abgerufen am 23. Februar 2013.
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  27. ↑ Benjamin Sleeter: Columbia Plateau Ecoregion Summary. United States Geological Survey, 13. Dezember 2012, abgerufen am 29. März 2013.
  28. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: More national press, and some good ol' hometown recognition In: The Wenatchee World, March 10, 2012. Abgerufen im January 1, 2012 
  29. ↑ Vorlage:Google maps
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  32. ↑ Table 6 – NFS Acreage by State, Congressional District and County. United States Forest Service, 30. September 2008, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  33. ↑ a b Published Soil Surveys for Washington. United States Department of Agriculture, 1923, S. 23, abgerufen am 15. März 2013.
  34. ↑ Cushman (1918), p. 14.
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  37. ↑ Coleman Butte Summit – Washington Mountain Peak Information. MountainZone.com, abgerufen am 10. März 2013.
  38. ↑ a b [Internetquelle: archiv-url ungültig National 2010 file containing a list of all municipalities and census-designated places (including Puerto Rico and the Island Areas) sorted by UACE code.] (TXT) United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2010, archiviert vom Original am 31. Januar 2013; abgerufen am 23. Februar 2013.
  39. ↑ a b National 2000 file containing a list of all municipalities and census-designated places (including Puerto Rico and the Island Areas) sorted by UACE code. United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2000, abgerufen am 23. Februar 2013.
  40. ↑ Urban Cluster Reference Map. (PDF) United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2010, abgerufen am 24. März 2013.
  41. ↑ a b [Internetquelle: archiv-url ungültig National 2010 urban area file containing a list of all urbanized areas and urban clusters (including Puerto Rico and the Island Areas) sorted by UACE code.] (TXT) United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2010, archiviert vom Original am 28. Oktober 2012; abgerufen am 24. März 2013.
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  43. ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen WRCC.
  44. ↑ a b Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen twc.
  45. ↑ Compare Averages and Records – Wenatchee, Washington to Omak, Washington. The Weather Channel, abgerufen am 11. März 2013.
  46. ↑ Compare Averages and Records – Yakima, Washington to Omak, Washington. The Weather Channel, abgerufen am 20. April 2013.
  47. ↑ Compare Averages and Records – Kennewick, Washington to Omak, Washington. The Weather Channel, abgerufen am 20. April 2013.
  48. ↑ Plant Hardiness Zone. United States Department of Agriculture, 1. Oktober 2004, abgerufen am 10. März 2013.
  49. ↑ Michelle McNiel: Omak still cleaning up from last Friday's thunderstorm In: The Wenatchee World, July 23, 2012. Abgerufen im March 11, 2013 
  50. ↑ Timothy Walsh, Wendy Gerstel, Patrick Pringle, Stephen Palmer: Earthquakes in Washington. Washington Department of Natural Resources, abgerufen am 11. März 2013.
  51. ↑ Washington – Earthquake History. United States Geological Survey, 1. November 2012, abgerufen am 11. März 2013.
  52. ↑ Dieter Weichert: Omak rock and the 1872 Pacific Northwest earthquake. In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. GeoWorldJournal, 1. April 1994 (geoscienceworld.org [abgerufen am 11. März 2013]).
  53. ↑ The 1872 Magnitude 7.4 Washington State USA earthquake. Natural Resources Canada, 17. März 2011, abgerufen am 11. März 2013.
  54. ↑ W.H. Bakun, Haugerud, R.A., Hopper, M.G., Ludwin, R.S.: The December 1872 Washington State Earthquake. In: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 92. Jahrgang, Nr. 8. Pacific Northwest Seismic Network, 2002, S. 3239–3258, doi:10.1785/0120010274, bibcode:2002BuSSA..92.3239B.
  55. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: Omak quake felt throughout NCW, state In: The Wenatchee World, November 18, 2011. Abgerufen im March 20, 2013 
  56. ↑ Small earthquake hits B.C.'s Okanagan, CBC News, November 18, 2011. Abgerufen im March 20, 2013 
  57. ↑ Omak [verso], January 1, 1907. Washington State University, abgerufen am 19. Mai 2013.
  58. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Bart Robinson's Hotel in Omak, Washington ca. 1910. Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  59. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Street Scene in Omak, Washington, 1910. Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  60. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Omak Bridge Collapses, ca. 1911. Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  61. ↑ a b c Michelle Hornaday: Hotels in Omak, Washington In: USA Today. Abgerufen im February 27, 2013 
  62. ↑ Churches in Omak, Washington. Yahoo! Local, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  63. ↑ National Register of Historic Places Registration Form. (PDF) National Register of Historic Places, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  64. ↑ a b c Jeff Larsen: Short Trips: Omak has a big reputation and heart In: Seattle Post-Intelligencer, October 13, 2004. Abgerufen im March 10, 2013 
  65. ↑ Great jazz, big-band sounds, can be heard locally, bar none In: The Spokesman-Review, February 4, 1994. Abgerufen im March 10, 2013 
  66. ↑ Wyman, Kim: Omak Memorial Cemetery. Secretary of State of Washington, abgerufen am 9. März 2013.
  67. ↑ Important Development Information. North Omak Business Park, abgerufen am 3. März 2013.
  68. ↑ a b Aerial Photographs. North Omak Business Park, abgerufen am 18. April 2013.
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  70. ↑ Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015. Abgerufen am 2. Juli 2016.
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  72. ↑ United States Census Bureau: Census of Population and Housing. Abgerufen am 4. Oktober 2013.
  73. ↑ Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen 2015 Pop Estimate.
  74. ↑ a b c Community Facts – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Washington, state. United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2010, abgerufen am 25. April 2013.
  75. ↑ Population Estimates. United States Census Bureau, abgerufen am 15. Juni 2014.
  76. ↑ April 1, 2013 Population of Cities, Towns and Counties – Used for Allocation of Selected State Revenues – State of Washington. (PDF) Office of Federal Financial Management, 15. Juni 2014, abgerufen am 15. Juni 2014.
  77. ↑ Community Facts – Selected Social Characteristics in the United States – 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – United States. United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2010, abgerufen am 25. April 2013.
  78. ↑ State & County QuickFacts – Okanogan County, Washington. United States Census Bureau, 2012, abgerufen am 23. April 2013.
  79. ↑ Matt Crownover: Commissioners updated on homelessness efforts In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, June 4, 2008. Abgerufen im May 3, 2013 
  80. ↑ Okanogan County, Washington – Demographics. County of Okanogan, abgerufen am 18. März 2013.
  81. ↑ North Central Workforce Development Council – Serving Region 8: Chelan, Douglas, Grant, Adams & Okanogan Counties. (PDF) North Central Workforce Development Council, 1. Mai 2009, abgerufen am 5. Mai 2013.
  82. ↑ a b Community Facts – Selected Economic Characteristics – 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates – Omak city, Washington. United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2010, abgerufen am 25. April 2013.
  83. ↑ 98841 – Omak, Washington – Number of Establishments. United States Census Bureau, 2011, abgerufen am 23. April 2013.
  84. ↑ a b O. Casey Corr: Enter the Giant – Largest Retailer in the Nation Steps into Small-Town Washington In: The Seattle Times, May 2, 1993. Abgerufen im February 24, 2013 
  85. ↑ Sylvia Nogaki: Look Out, Here Comes Wal-Mart In: The Seattle Times, June 17, 1992. Abgerufen im February 24, 2013 
  86. ↑ Sylvia Nogaki: Wal-Mart To Open Store In Kennewick In: The Seattle Times, June 16, 1992. Abgerufen im February 24, 2013 
  87. ↑ Omak Walmart Supercenter Store #1947. Walmart Stores, Inc, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  88. ↑ License Vendors – Authorized License Sales Locations – Okanogan County, Washington. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, abgerufen am 3. März 2013.
  89. ↑ a b Omache Shopping Center, Omak, Washington. Black Realty Management, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  90. ↑ K.C. Monattey: Omak's commercial area sees Big changes In: The Wenatchee World, November 26, 2012. Abgerufen im December 30, 2012 
  91. ↑ 2012 Draft Comprehension Plan – Part 2 A – Land Use. City of Omak, 1. Oktober 2012, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  92. ↑ Washington Hotels – Best Western Locations. Best Western International, Inc, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  93. ↑ Washington Hotels – Rodeway Inn Locations. Choice Hotels, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  94. ↑ Motel Nicholas. Yahoo! Travel, abgerufen am 24. Februar 2013.
  95. ↑ Home – Contact Information. Okanogan County Transportation & Nutrition, abgerufen am 5. Mai 2013.
  96. ↑ Chris Thew: Okanogan, Omak plant Arbor Day trees; gazebo named In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, April 25, 2007. Abgerufen im April 14, 2013 
  97. ↑ Christine Pratt: NCW communities named 'Tree Cities' for leafy efforts In: The Wenatchee World, April 11, 2013. Abgerufen im April 14, 2013 
  98. ↑ a b Bird Watching – Heart of the Okanogan. Okanogan County Tourism Council, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2013.
  99. ↑ Doug Clark: Town Tradition Goads Residents Into Donations In: The Spokesman-Review, March 26, 1996. Abgerufen im April 6, 2013 
  100. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: Omak Stampedes New Arena Wins In: The Wenatchee World, August 10, 2009. Abgerufen im April 19, 2013 
  101. ↑ History of the Omak Stampede. Stampede Association, abgerufen am 28. Februar 2013.
  102. ↑ Glenn Farley: Horse dies in qualifying round for Omak 'Suicide Race'. KING-TV, 6. August 2012, abgerufen am 28. Februar 2013.
  103. ↑ Smith (2004), p. 409
  104. ↑ Omak Stampede Arena and Grounds Redevelopment Stampede Arena Replacement – Application for Bleacher or Chair. City of Omak, 2003, abgerufen am 28. Februar 2013.
  105. ↑ Nick Timiraos: The Race Where Horses Die In: The Globe and Mail, August 11, 2007. Abgerufen im February 28, 2013 
  106. ↑ Jean Johnson: Colville's Keller Mountain tradition turns to 'Suicide Race' In: Indian Country Today Media Network, September 7, 2004. Abgerufen im February 28, 2013 
  107. ↑ Stop the Omak Suicide Race – Next Scheduled Cruelty: August 6 to 9, 2009 – Letters And Phone Calls Needed. In Defense of Animals, 2009, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  108. ↑ Press – Horses – Omak Suicide Race B-roll. Humane Society of the United States, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  109. ↑ Wenatchee Valley College at Omak presents 9th Annual Omak Film Festival. Wenatchee Valley College, 11. Januar 2012, abgerufen am 19. Mai 2013.
  110. ↑ Omak Film Festival features six films, begins February 8 In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, February 8, 2008. Abgerufen im June 6, 2013 
  111. ↑ Welcome To the Okanogan County Fair, Okanogan, Washington. Okanogan County Fair, abgerufen am 6. Juni 2013.
  112. ↑ It's time for the 75th Stampede! In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle. Abgerufen im May 19, 2013 
  113. ↑ Regions – Heart of the Okanogan. Okanogan County Tourism Council, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2013.
  114. ↑ Arts & Heritage. Okanogan County Tourism Council, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2013.
  115. ↑ Mirage Theater – Omak, Okanogan, Washington. Box Office Mojo, abgerufen am 8. Juni 2013.
  116. ↑ Omak Theater – Omak, Okanogan, Washington. Box Office Mojo, abgerufen am 8. Juni 2013.
  117. ↑ $50,000 Drive-In Theater to Rise In: The Spokesman-Review, May 14, 1948. Abgerufen im June 8, 2013 
  118. ↑ Welcome. Omak Performing Arts Center, abgerufen am 19. März 2013.
  119. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: Colville Tribes to build new Omak casino in the spring In: The Wenatchee World, January 31, 2008. Abgerufen im May 3, 2013 
  120. ↑ Okanogan Bingo Casino. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, abgerufen am 6. Juni 2013.
  121. ↑ Omak City Eastside Park. City of Omak, abgerufen am 23. Februar 2013.
  122. ↑ Omak City Parks. City of Omak, abgerufen am 10. März 2013.
  123. ↑ Omak City Park Board. City of Omak, abgerufen am 6. März 2013.
  124. ↑ Omak Lake/Nicholson Beach. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, abgerufen am 18. Mai 2013.
  125. ↑ Camping and Fishing Areas. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, abgerufen am 18. Mai 2013.
  126. ↑ a b Alan Liere: Hunting + fishing In: The Spokesman-Review, June 12, 2009. Abgerufen im May 3, 2013 
  127. ↑ a b Omak Lake Cutthroats. (PDF) Fishing Coaches, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2013.
  128. ↑ a b Sunset Lakes Ranch, Omak, Washington, RV Park, Camping and Fishing. Sunset Lakes RV Park, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2013.
  129. ↑ Carol Quibell: Plenty of lakes to explore around Omak, Washington In: RV West, July 1, 2012. Abgerufen im June 15, 2013 
  130. ↑ a b Fishing & Hunting. Okanogan County Tourism Council, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2013.
  131. ↑ Zacherle, Lewis tie for women's bowler of the month In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, November 20, 2007. Abgerufen im April 19, 2013 
  132. ↑ Course. Okanogan Valley Golf Club Corporation, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  133. ↑ a b Skiing/Snowboarding Areas. United States Forest Service, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2013.
  134. ↑ Land Areas of the National Forest System. United States Forest Service, 1. Januar 2013, archiviert vom Original am 20. Februar 2013; abgerufen am 13. November 2012.
  135. ↑ National Visitor Use Monitoring Results. United States Forest Service, abgerufen am 18. Mai 2013.
  136. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: Proposal would add thousands of acres to wilderness In: The Wenatchee World, July 19, 2011. Abgerufen im May 18, 2013 
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  148. ↑ Margie's R.V. Park, Full Hook Up, Riverside, Okanogan County. Margie's R.V. Park, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2013.
  149. ↑ Omak, Washington, Campgrounds and RV Parks. CampScout.com, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2013.
  150. ↑ Phil Gleason: Omak Rock Climbing. In: Northwest Mountaineering Journal. (mountaineers.org [abgerufen am 2. Mai 2013]).
  151. ↑ Kacie Thrift: Chelan baseball breaks losing streak In: Lake Chelan Mirror, April 17, 2013. Abgerufen im April 20, 2013 
  152. ↑ Harry Missildine: Omak Slaughters Kettle Falls In: The Spokesman-Review, December 6, 1971. Abgerufen im April 20, 2013 
  153. ↑ Preparation football review: Omak Pioneers In: The Wenatchee World, September 2, 2010. Abgerufen im April 20, 2013 
  154. ↑ Jennifer Marshell: Bears dominating league In: Quad City Herald, March 28, 2013. Abgerufen im April 20, 2013 
  155. ↑ Omak spikes Tigers In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, October 27, 2009. Abgerufen im April 20, 2013 
  156. ↑ Al Camp: Omak tops Brewster on Pioneer senior night In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, January 29, 2013. Abgerufen im April 23, 2013 
  157. ↑ John McNeil II: Golfers off and swinging In: The Star of Grand Coulee, March 27, 2013. Abgerufen im April 20, 2013 
  158. ↑ ATV. Okanogan County Tourism Council, abgerufen am 3. Juni 2013.
  159. ↑ About The Omak Chronicle – (Omak, Washington) 1910–1973. In: Chronicling America. Abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  160. ↑ About The Omak–Okanogan County chronicle – (Omak, Washington) 1973–current. In: Chronicling America. Abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
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  162. ↑ omakchronicle.com – Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle. Alexa Internet, 1. April 2013, abgerufen am 27. April 2013.
  163. ↑ Longtime Omak publisher, 75, dies In: The Seattle Times, September 27, 2007. Abgerufen im April 27, 2013 
  164. ↑ The Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle – Essential Reading in Okanogan and Ferry Counties since 1910 In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle. Abgerufen im February 27, 2013 
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  167. ↑ Omak, Washington headlines In: The Wenatchee World. Abgerufen im March 19, 2013 
  168. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: Omak radio newscaster announces election bid In: The Wenatchee World, February 27, 2010. Abgerufen im April 27, 2013 
  169. ↑ FM Query – FM Radio Technical Information. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  170. ↑ KNCW Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  171. ↑ KQWS Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  172. ↑ KQWS Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  173. ↑ KOMQ Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  174. ↑ Weather Radio WXL86. National Weather Service, abgerufen am 27. April 2013.
  175. ↑ TV Listings – Local Broadcast (Zip Code 98841). Zap2it, abgerufen am 2. Juni 2013.
  176. ↑ Michael Hinman: Seattle moves up to No. 13 U.S. TV market In: Puget Sound Business Journal, August 28, 2009. Abgerufen im March 12, 2013 
  177. ↑ K17EV-D Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  178. ↑ K07DG Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  179. ↑ K09DG Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  180. ↑ K11DM Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  181. ↑ K31AH-D Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  182. ↑ K19AU-D Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  183. ↑ K26GV-D Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  184. ↑ K08CY Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  185. ↑ K10DM Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  186. ↑ K12CV Facility Record. Federal Communications Commission, abgerufen am 12. März 2013.
  187. ↑ Current Membership Positions – 2012. North Central Washington Development District, 2012, abgerufen am 23. April 2013.
  188. ↑ Omak City Council. City of Omak, abgerufen am 7. März 2013.
  189. ↑ Omak City Municipal Code. City of Omak, abgerufen am 3. April 2013.
  190. ↑ Omak City Council At Large position Two-year term In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, October 17, 2007. Abgerufen im April 19, 2013 
  191. ↑ Omak City Council candidates. In: The Wenatchee World. 27. Oktober 2007, abgerufen am 7. März 2013.
  192. ↑ Washington Redistricting Commission (Hrsg.): 2012 Final Plan adopted by the Commission and amended by the Legislature on February 7, 2012. [Karte]. (wa.gov [abgerufen am 14. März 2013]).
  193. ↑ Mayor Cindy Gagne. City of Omak, abgerufen am 20. März 2013.
  194. ↑ Washington State DVR – Omak Office. Washington Department of Social and Health Services, abgerufen am 3. April 2013.
  195. ↑ Washington City and Town Profiles. Municipal Research and Services Center, abgerufen am 6. Juni 2013.
  196. ↑ Omak City Council hears about hiring administrator In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle, January 10, 2007. Abgerufen im May 10, 2013 
  197. ↑ Omak City Fire Department. City of Omak, abgerufen am 14. März 2013.
  198. ↑ Omak City Planning Commission. City of Omak, abgerufen am 14. März 2013.
  199. ↑ a b Omak City Library. City of Omak, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  200. ↑ Omak City Board and Commissions. City of Omak, abgerufen am 14. März 2013.
  201. ↑ Corrected Substitute Ordinance. (PDF) City of Omak, 2013, abgerufen am 19. März 2013.
  202. ↑ Corrected Substitute Ordinance. (PDF) City of Omak, 2012, abgerufen am 19. März 2013.
  203. ↑ Okanogan County, WA. National Association of Counties, abgerufen am 18. März 2013.
  204. ↑ United States Army Recruiting Office in Omak, WA. Yellow Pages, abgerufen am 21. Mai 2013.
  205. ↑ Matsura, Frank: Omak Military Band, Omak, Washington, 1910. Washington State University, abgerufen am 26. Februar 2013.
  206. ↑ Omak Crime Rate Report (Washington). CityRating.com, 2013, abgerufen am 20. März 2013.
  207. ↑ Table 8 – Washington – Offenses Known to Law Enforcement by State by City, 2011. Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2011, abgerufen am 7. März 2013.
  208. ↑ K.C. Mehaffey: 88-year-old Omak man killed, vehicle stolen In: The Wenatchee World, February 11, 2013. Abgerufen im March 19, 2013 
  209. ↑ Federal Bureau of Investigation;
  210. ↑ Omak, WA Crime and Crime Rate – Omak, WA Crime by Year. USA.com, abgerufen am 19. März 2013.
  211. ↑ More marijuana found growing in area In: The Sun, August 22, 2007. Abgerufen im May 20, 2013 
  212. ↑ Marijuana smuggler gets 57 months in prison; Canadian used helicopter, high-tech gear; to pilot potent pot across border In: The Spokesman-Review, November 2, 2001. Abgerufen im May 20, 2013 Vorlage:Subscription required
  213. ↑ Search for Public School Districts – District Detail for Omak School District. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 23. April 2013.
  214. ↑ Bond Omak School District In: The Spokesman-Review, May 19, 1919. Abgerufen im January 29, 2013 
  215. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for Omak High School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  216. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for Omak Alternative High School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  217. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for Omak Middle School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  218. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for East Omak Elementary School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  219. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for North Omak Elementary School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  220. ↑ Rachel Schleif: Local schools booting up their own online offerings In: The Wenatchee World, February 1, 2010. Abgerufen im January 30, 2013 
  221. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for Washington Virtual Academy Omak Elementary. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  222. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for Washington Virtual Academy Omak Middle School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  223. ↑ Search for Public Schools – School Detail for Washington Virtual Academy Omak High School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  224. ↑ Search for Private Schools – School Detail for Omak Adventist Christian School. National Center for Education Statistics, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
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  227. ↑ Omak Planning Public Library In: The Spokesman-Review, July 4, 1956. Abgerufen im February 20, 2013 
  228. ↑ Danna Blankinship: Community college enrollment up across Washington In: The Seattle Times, October 7, 2008. Abgerufen im February 20, 2013 
  229. ↑ a b Wenatchee Valley College at Omak. Wenatchee Valley College, abgerufen am 21. Februar 2013.
  230. ↑ Sheila Corson: College foundation celebrates 10 years of growth, changes. In: Omak–Okanogan County Chronicle. 4. März 2010, abgerufen am 24. April 2013.
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  232. ↑ Degrees and Programs. (PDF) Wenatchee Valley College, abgerufen am 24. April 2013.
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  235. ↑ Selected Economic Characteristics – 2007–2011 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates. United States Census Bureau, 1. April 2010, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2013.
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  244. ↑ About us. Okanogan County Transportation & Nutrition, abgerufen am 21. Februar 2013.
  245. ↑ Stations – Omak, WA – Bus Stop (OMW). Amtrak, abgerufen am 9. April 2013.
  246. ↑ Omak, Washington. Greyhound Lines, abgerufen am 14. April 2013.
  247. ↑ Hospital Services. Mid-Valley Medical Group, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  248. ↑ Mid-Valley Hospital in Omak, Washington In: U.S. News & World Report, April 1, 2012. Abgerufen im February 20, 2013 
  249. ↑ Welcome to Okanogan Behavioral HealthCare (OBHC). Okanogan Behavioral Healthcare, abgerufen am 20. Februar 2013.
  250. ↑ Omak nursing homes. Yellow Pages, abgerufen am 21. Februar 2013.
  251. ↑ Clinic to build $4.8 million facility, June 1, 1996 
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  253. ↑ Electric – Okanogan PUD #1 of Okanogan County. Okanogan County Public Utility District, abgerufen am 10. April 2013.
  254. ↑ AT&T in Omak, Washington. Yellow Pages, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
  255. ↑ Comcast in Omak, Washington. Yellow Pages, abgerufen am 27. Februar 2013.
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  257. ↑ Rushing III; W. Jackson. Joe Feddersen: Sacred Geometry. "After the Storm" pp. 33–47. Eiteljorg Museum of American Indians and Western Art, 2001.
  258. ↑ Bob Hicks: Exhibit of Joe Feddersen's work at Hallie Ford Museum shows he straddles several worlds, all his own In: The Oregonian, February 2, 2010. Abgerufen im March 3, 2013 
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