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Hackerangriff auf das PlayStation Network 2011

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Vorlage:Pp-semi-indef Vorlage:Pp-move-indef Vorlage:Cleanup The 2011 PlayStation Network outage is the result of an "external intrusion" on Sony's PlayStation Network and Qriocity services, in which personal details from approximately 77 million accounts were stolen.[1][2][3][4] The attack occurred between April 17, 2011 and April 19, 2011.[1] On May 4, 2011, Sony confirmed that individual pieces of personally identifiable information from each of the 77 million accounts appeared to have been stolen.[5]

At the time of the outage, with a count of 77 million PlayStation Network registered accounts,[6] data theft of personally identifiable information would make it one of the largest data security breaches in history.[7][8] This would surpass the TJX hack in 2007 which affected 45 million customers.[9] Government officials in various countries have voiced concern at failing to protect customers' personal details and Sony's belated warning that users details could have been obtained in the security breach—nearly a week after the initial external intrusion.

Sony turned off the PlayStation Network on April 20, 2011 following the intrusion a few days earlier. Sony stated on April 26 that they were attempting to get online services running again "within a week."[10][11] On May 14, 2011, Sony released PlayStation 3 firmware version 3.61 as a security patch. The firmware requires users to change their password upon signing into the PlayStation Network. At the time the firmware was released, the PlayStation Network was still offline and in preparation to be brought back online. [12] Regional restoration was announced by Kazuo Hirai in a video from PlayStation.[13] A map of regional restoration and the network within the United States was shared as the service was being brought back online.[14]

Timeline of the outage

On April 20, 2011, Sony acknowledged on the official PlayStation Blog that they were "aware certain functions of the PlayStation Network" were down. Upon attempting to sign in to the PlayStation Network via the PlayStation 3, users would receive the message indicating that the PlayStation Network is "undergoing maintenance".[15] [16] The following day, Sony asked its customers for patience while the cause of downtime was being investigated and stated that it may take "a full day or two" to get the service fully functional again.[17]

The company later explained that an "external intrusion" had affected the PlayStation Network and Qriocity services.[18] This intrusion had occurred between April 17 and April 19. On April 20, Sony had suspended all PlayStation Network and Qriocity services worldwide, causing the outage.[19] Sony expressed their regrets for the downtime and called the task of re-building the system time consuming. This, however, would lead to a stronger network infrastructure and additional security.[20] On April 25, Sony's Senior Director of Corporate Communications & Social Media, Patrick Seybold, reiterated on the PlayStation Blog that fixing and enhancing the network was a "time intensive" process with no currently available ETA.[21] However, the next day Sony stated that there was a "clear path to have PlayStation Network and Qriocity systems back online", with some services expected to be restored within a week. Furthermore, Sony stated that there had been a "compromise of personal information as a result of an illegal intrusion on our systems."[22]

On May 1, 2011, Sony announced a "Welcome Back" program for customers affected by the outage. The company also confirmed that some PSN and Qriocity services would be available during the first week of May.[23][24] The list of services expected to become available included:[25] Vorlage:Quotation

On May 2, 2011, Sony issued a press release, according to which the Sony Online Entertainment services had been taken offline for maintenance due to potentially related activities during the initial criminal hack that caused the PlayStation Network outage. Over 12,000 credit card numbers from non-U.S. cardholders and additional information from 24.7 million SOE accounts may have been stolen.[26][27]

During the week, Sony sent a written letter to the US House of Representatives, answering questions and concerns about the event.[28] In the letter Sony announced that they would be providing Identity Theft insurance polices in the amount of $1 million USD per user of the PlayStation Network and Qriocity services despite no reports of credit card fraud being indicated. This was later confirmed on the PlayStation Blog, where it was announced that the service, AllClear ID Plus powered by Debix, would available to users in the United States free for 12 months, and is to include internet surveillance, complete identity repair in the event of theft and a $1 million ID theft insurance policy for each user. [29][30]

On May 6, 2011, Sony stated they had begun "final stages of internal testing" for the PlayStation Network, which had been rebuilt.[31] However, the following day Sony reported that they would not be able to bring PSN services back online within the one-week timeframe given on May 1, because "the extent of the attack on Sony Online Entertainment servers" had not been known at the time.[32] Sony Online Entertainment confirmed by means of their Twitter account that their games would not be available until some undisclosed time after the weekend.[33]

At the same time, reports from Reuters began reporting the event as the "the biggest Internet security break-in ever"[34] with more direct answers from the Corporation in which a Sony spokesperson said:[35]

  • Sony had removed the personal details of 2,500 people stolen by hackers and posted on a website
  • The data included names and some addresses, which were in a database created in 2001
  • No date had been fixed for the restart

On May 15, 2011, various PlayStation Network services began being brought back online on a country-by-country basis, starting with North America.[36] These services include: sign-in for PSN and Qriocity services (including password resetting), online game-play on PS3 and PSP, playback of rental video content, Music Unlimited service (PS3 and PC), access to third party services (such as Netflix, Hulu, Vudu and MLB.tv), friends list, chat functionality and PlayStation Home.[36] This accompanies a firmware update for the PS3, version 3.61.[37] However, as of May 15, 2011, reinstatement of the service in Japan and East Asia has not yet been approved.[38]

Sony response

US House of Representatives

Sony reported on the May 4, 2011, to the PlayStation Blog[39] that: Vorlage:Quotation Sony relayed during the letters that: Vorlage:Quotation

Explanation of delays

Sony's explained on the PlayStation Blog why Sony took so long to inform PSN users of the data theft:[40]

Vorlage:Quotation

Sony investigation

Possible data theft meant Sony provided an update in regards to a criminal investigation in a blog posted on April 27, 2011: We are currently working with law enforcement on this matter as well as a recognized technology security firm to conduct a complete investigation. This malicious attack against our system and against our customers is a criminal act and we are proceeding aggressively to find those responsible.[41]

On the 30 April 2011, Sony Computer Entertainment CEO Kaz Hirai reiterated this and said the "external intrusion" which had caused them to shutdown the PlayStation Network constituted a "criminal cyber attack".[42] Hirai expanded further claiming that Sony systems had been under attack prior to the PlayStation Network outage "for the past month and half" suggesting a concerted attempt to target Sony.[43]

On May 4, 2011, Sony announced that it was adding another company to the investigation team. Data Forte will join Guidance Software and Protiviti in analysing the attacks. Legal aspects of the case will be handled by law firm Baker & McKenzie.[44][45]

Upon learning that a breach had occurred to the PlayStation Network, Sony launched an internal investigation. Sony reported, in its letter to the United States Congress: Vorlage:Quotation Additional details were provided as follows: Vorlage:Quotation

Inability to use PlayStation 3 content

While remaining offline, the PlayStation 3 was unable to play certain Capcom titles that were downloaded from the PlayStation Store.[46] Streaming video providers throughout different regions such as Hulu, Vudu, Netflix and LoveFilm are noted to be inaccessible displaying the same maintenance message, although some users have claimed to have been able to still use Netflix's streaming service.[47]

Criticism of Sony's handling of the incident

Original model of the Playstation 3.

Delayed warning of possible data theft

On April 26, 2011, nearly a week after the Network was temporarily disabled, Sony confirmed that it "cannot rule out the possibility"[48] that personally identifiable information such as PlayStation Network account username, password, home address, and email address had been compromised. Sony also mentioned the possibility of credit card data being obtained after claiming that encryption had been placed on the databases, which would partially satisfy PCI Compliance for storing credit card information on a server.

Subsequent to the announcement in both the official blog and by e-mail, PlayStation Network users were asked to safeguard credit card transactions by checking bank statements. This warning came nearly a week after the initial "external intrusion" and when the Network was turned off.[49]

Some disputed this explanation and queried that if Sony deemed the situation so severe that they had to turn off the PlayStation Network on April 20, 2011, Sony should have subsequently warned users of possible data theft rather than on April 26, 2011.[50] Concerns have been raised over both violations of PCI Compliance and failure to notify users immediately following breach of security involving financial information and credit card data. US Senator Richard Blumenthal wrote to Sony Computer Entertainment America CEO Jack Tretton questioning Sony why it took so long to inform users that personal details could have been obtained through unauthorized means.[51]

Sony stated in their letter to the subcommittee: Vorlage:Quotation

Unencrypted personal details

Credit card data was encrypted, but Sony admitted that other user information was not encrypted at the time of the intrusion.[52][53] The Daily Telegraph reported that "If the provider stores passwords unencrypted, then it's very easy for somebody else – not just an external attacker, but members of staff or contractors working on Sony's site – to get access and discover those passwords, potentially using them for nefarious means."[54] On May 2, Sony clarified the "unencrypted" status of users' passwords, stating that:[55] Vorlage:Quotation

Sony Online Entertainment outage

Vorlage:Mergefrom On May 3, 2011, Sony stated in a press release that there may be a correlation between the same attack that had occurred on April 16, 2011, towards the PlayStation Network which resulted in the Sony Online Entertainment servers being compromised and taken offline on the previous day.[26] This portion of the attack resulted in the theft of information on 24.6 million Sony Online Entertainment account holders. The database contained 12,700 credit card numbers, particularly those of non-U.S. cardholders, and had not been in use since 2007 as much of the data contained within applies to expired cards and accounts that have been deleted. Sony updated this information the following day by stating that only 900 cards on the database were still live.[56] The discovery of this attack resulted in the suspension of Sony Online Entertainment servers as well as SOE Facebook games. Sony Online Entertainment has already stated that they plan to grant 30 days of free time, plus a day for each day the server is down, to users of Clone Wars Adventures, DC Universe Online, EverQuest, EverQuest II, EverQuest Online Adventures, Free Realms, Pirates of the Burning Sea, PlanetSide, Poxnora, Star Wars Galaxies, and Vanguard: Saga of Heroes, as well as other forms of compensation for all other Sony Online games.[57][58][59]

Security experts Eugene Lapidous of AnchorFree, Chester Wisniewski of Sophos Canada and Avner Levin of Ryerson University criticized Sony, questioning its methods of securing and storing user data. Lapidous called the breach "difficult to excuse" and Wisniewski called it "an act of hubris or simply gross incompetence".[60][61][62][63]

Reaction

Sony Compensation to users for disruption

Sony has stated that they will be hosting special events after the PlayStation Network is brought back online. Sony has also stated they have plans for PS3 versions of DC Universe Online and Free Realms to help alleviate some of their losses. Sony is currently evaluating ways to show their appreciation towards their users who do not play MMOGs for their patience with them during the outage.[64] In a press conference in Tokyo on May 1, Sony announced a "Welcome Back" program for users when the service is restored. As well as "selected PlayStation entertainment content" the program promises to include 30 days free membership of PlayStation Plus for all PSN members, existing PlayStation Plus members will receive an additional 30 days added to their subscription, Qriocity subscribers also receive 30 days. Sony also promised other content and services over the coming weeks.[24] Sony also offered one year free identity theft protection to all users with details forthcoming.

Hulu has also given notice that they will be compensating PlayStation 3 users for the inability to use their service during the outage. They are offering one week of service compensatory to all Hulu Plus members.[65]

On May 16, 2011, Sony announced that two PlayStation 3 games and two PSP games would be offered for free from lists of five and four (respectively) once the PlayStation Store has regained functionality.[66][67] The games available varies by region[66][67] and are only available in countries which have access to the PlayStation Store.[67]

PS3 games available by region
Game North America[66] Europe (non-Germany)[67] Germany[67]
LittleBigPlanet Ja Ja Ja
Wipeout HD/Fury Ja Ja Ja
InFamous Ja Ja Nein
Dead Nation Ja Ja Nein
Super Stardust HD Ja Nein Ja
Ratchet & Clank: Quest for Booty Nein Ja Ja
Hustle Kings Nein Nein Ja
PSP games available by region
Game North America[66] Europe (non-Germany)[67] Germany[67]
LittleBigPlanet PSP Ja Ja Ja
ModNation Racers PSP Ja Ja Ja
Pursuit Force Ja Ja Nein
Killzone Liberation Ja Ja Nein
Everybody's Golf 2 Nein Nein Ja
Buzz Junior Jungle Party Nein Nein Ja

Government reaction

The revealing of possible data theft concerned authorities around the world. The Daily Telegraph reports Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant at Sophos, as saying: "This certainly ranks as one of the biggest data losses ever to affect individuals."[68] The British Information Commissioner's Office confirmed Sony will be questioned,[69] and an investigation will take place to discover if Sony had taken adequate precautions to protect customer details.[70] If found in breach of the UK's Data Protection Act, Sony could face fines of up to £500,000. [69] The Privacy Commissioner of Canada, Jennifer Stoddart confirmed that the Canadian authorities would investigate the incident, and the Commissioner's office conveyed their concern as to why the authorities in Canada weren't informed of a security breach earlier.[71] US Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut demanded answers from Sony about the data breach[72] by emailing SECA CEO Jack Tretton arguing about the delay in informing its customers and insisting that Sony do more for its customers than just offer free credit reporting services. Senator Blumenthal later called for an investigation of the breach to be launched by the US Department of Justice to find the person or persons responsible for the breach and to determine if Sony may be liable for the way that it handled the situation.[73] Congresswoman Mary Bono Mack and Congressman G. K. Butterfield sent a letter to Sony, demanding information on when the breach was discovered and how the crisis will be handled.[74] Sony had been asked to testify before a congressional hearing on security and to answer questions about the breach of security on May 2, 2011 but sent a letter response instead which answered the subcommittee's questions.

A lawsuit was posted on April 27, 2011, by Kristopher Johns from Birmingham, Alabama on behalf of all PlayStation users alleging Sony "failed to encrypt data and establish adequate firewalls to handle a server intrusion contingency, failed to provide prompt and adequate warnings of security breaches, and unreasonably delayed in bringing the PSN service back online."[75][76] According to the complaint filed in the lawsuit, Sony has failed to notify members of a possible security breach and storing members' credit card information,[77] a violation of PCI Compliance—the digital security standard for the Payment Card Industry.

Another lawsuit was filed in Canada by Natasha Maksimovic and claims damages up to C$1 billion which includes free credit monitoring and identity theft insurance.[78] It was filed against Sony USA, Sony Canada and Sony Japan. The plaintiff in the case is quoted as saying: "If you can't trust a huge multi-national corporation like Sony to protect your private information, who can you trust? It appears to me that Sony focuses more on protecting its games than its PlayStation users".[79]

Credit card fraud

As of May 2011, there have been no verifiable reports of credit card fraud related to the PlayStation Network outage. There have been reports from the Internet that some PlayStation users have experienced credit card fraud;[80][81][82] however, these reported fraud cases have yet to be linked to the incident. Users who have registered a credit card for use only with Sony have also reported credit card fraud.[83] Sony has claimed that the CVS codes requested by their services were not stored,[84] but it has been suggested that the hackers may have been able to decrypt or record credit card details whilst inside Sony's network.[80]

Sony stated in their letter to the subcommittee: Vorlage:Quotation Vorlage:Quotation On May 5, a letter from United States Sony Corporation of America CEO and President Sir Howard Stringer further emphasized that there had been no evidence of credit card fraud and that a $1 million dollar identity theft insurance policy would be available to PSN and Qriocity users:[30] Vorlage:Quotation

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Vorlage:PlayStation

  1. ↑ a b ? 
  2. ↑ BBC News - Sony faces legal action over attack on PlayStation network. Bbc.co.uk, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  3. ↑ Shane Richmond: Millions of internet users hit by massive Sony PlayStation data theft. Telegraph, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  4. ↑ PlayStation users in Australia urged to check credit card activity. The Australian, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  5. ↑ Kazuo Hirai's Letter to the U.S. House of Representatives - a set on Flickr. Flickr.com, abgerufen am 5. Mai 2011: „"Information appears to have been stolen from all PlayStation Network user accounts, although not every piece of information in those accounts appears to have been stolen","The criminal intruders stole personal information from all of the approximately 77 million PlayStation Network and Qriocity service accounts."“
  6. ↑ PlayStation Network and Qriocity Outage FAQ – PlayStation.Blog.Europe. Blog.eu.playstation.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  7. ↑ Posted: Apr 27, 2011 10:56 AM ET: PlayStation data breach deemed in 'top 5 ever' - Business - CBC News, Cbc.ca. Abgerufen am 29. April 2011 
  8. ↑ Video: Sony PlayStation - Hacker Breaks Into Network And Steals Details Of Millions Of Gamers | Technology | Sky News. News.sky.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  9. ↑ 2:11PM BST 27 Apr 2011 Comments: PlayStation hack: top five data thefts. Telegraph, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  10. ↑ PlayStation Network down for seventh day. ComputerAndVideoGames.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  11. ↑ PlayStation Network Hacked - Your Personal Details Could Be At Risk! - 28 April 2011 - Rockstar Gaming. Rockstargaming.ucoz.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  12. ↑ PS3 System Software Update – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 20. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 16. Mai 2011.
  13. ↑ Kazuo Hirai: PlayStation Network Restoration Announcement – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 20. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 16. Mai 2011.
  14. ↑ Patrick Seybold: Play On – PSN Restoration Begins Now – PlayStation Blog. In: blog.us.playstation.com. Abgerufen am 16. Mai 2011.
  15. ↑ Update on PSN Service Outages – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 20. April 2011, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
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  25. ↑ Some PlayStation Network And Qriocity Services To Be Available This Week – PlayStation.Blog.Europe. Blog.eu.playstation.com, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  26. ↑ a b Service Under Maintenance. SOE, 31. März 2010, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2011.
  27. ↑ Sony Confirms Thousands Of Credit Cards Stolen During Hack - GameInformer News. gameinformer.com, 2. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2011.
  28. ↑ Sony’s Response to the U.S. House of Representatives – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 20. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  29. ↑ Sony Offering Free ‘AllClear ID Plus’ Identity Theft Protection in the United States through Debix, Inc. – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  30. ↑ a b A Letter from Howard Stringer – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 20. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  31. ↑ Important Step for Service Restoration – PlayStation.Blog.Europe. Blog.eu.playstation.com, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  32. ↑ JC Fletcher: PSN reactivation delayed for 'further testing,' likely not coming back this week. Joystiq, 6. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  33. ↑ Twitter / @Sony Online Ent.: We wanted to let you know ... In: twitter.com. Abgerufen am 16. Mai 2011.
  34. ↑ Isabel Reynolds: Sony CEO apologises for data theft; shares fall 2 pct. Reuters, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  35. ↑ Sony says has removed data stolen by hackers and posted online - Entertainment - The Arts - TODAY.com. Today.msnbc.msn.com, 3. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  36. ↑ a b Sony Global - News Releases - RESTORATION OF PLAYSTATION®NETWORK AND QRIOCITY SERVICES BEGINS. Sony;
  37. ↑ PS3 System Software Update - PlayStation Blog. PlayStation Blog;
  38. ↑ http://www.foxbusiness.com/industries/2011/05/15/japan-restart-sony-online-games-services-approved/
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  41. ↑ Q&A #1 for PlayStation Network and Qriocity Services – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 20. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  42. ↑ Peggy Watt: Sony: PlayStation Network Resumes This Week, pcworld.com, 30 April 2011. Abgerufen im 2 May 2011 
  43. ↑ JC Fletcher: PSN 'welcome back program' includes a free download, 30 days free PlayStation Plus, Qriocity, joystiq.com, 1. Mai 2011. Abgerufen am 2. Mai 2011 
  44. ↑ Another team added to Sony’s PSN investigation. VG247, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2011.
  45. ↑ Diane Bartz: Sony blames Anonymous for stage-setting theft. Reuters, 26. April 2011, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2011.
  46. ↑ News - Opinion: Sony's Communication Problem. Gamasutra, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  47. ↑ PlayStation Network Outage Bad News for Netflix and Hulu: Online Video News «. Gigaom.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  48. ↑ BBC News - Sony's PlayStation hack apology. Bbc.co.uk, 19. April 2011, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  49. ↑ Isabel Reynolds: Furore at Sony after Playstation user data stolen. Reuters, 9. Februar 2009, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  50. ↑ Sony defends notification delay in data fiasco | Security | News. PC Pro, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  51. ↑ Senator: Lack of details on PlayStation Network outage 'troubling' - Game Hunters: In search of video games and interactive awesomeness - USATODAY.com. Content.usatoday.com, 4. Januar 2011, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  52. ↑ Keith Stuart: PlayStation Network hack: why it took Sony seven days to tell the world | Technology | guardian.co.uk. Guardian, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  53. ↑ Q&A #1 for PlayStation Network and Qriocity Services – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 20. Dezember 2010, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  54. ↑ Christopher Williams: PlayStation hack: Sony users urged to change passwords. Telegraph, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  55. ↑ PlayStation Network Security Update – PlayStation Blog. Blog.us.playstation.com, 2. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2011.
  56. ↑ 24.6 million SOE accounts potentially compromised | News. Gamesindustry.biz, 21. März 2011, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2011.
  57. ↑ EverQuest Down. Progression Server, 2. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2011.
  58. ↑ Sony:Another 25M users' info hacked. Times of India, 2. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2011.
  59. ↑ Security Update. Sony Online Entertainment, 2. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 2. Mai 2011.
  60. ↑ James Brightman: Sony Breach 'Difficult to Excuse' Say Security Experts. IndustryGamers, 3. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 5. Mai 2011.
  61. ↑ Emily Chung: Sony data breach update reveals 'bad practices', CBC News, 3. Mai 2011. Abgerufen am 5. Mai 2011 
  62. ↑ Robert Westervelt: Sony attack: Sony expands scope of its massive data security breach. SearchSecurity.com, 3. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 5. Mai 2011.
  63. ↑ Matthew J. Schwartz: Sony Reports 24.5 Million More Accounts Hacked. InformationWeek, 3. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 5. Mai 2011.
  64. ↑ Sony Computer Entertainment America: Q&A #2 for Playstation Network and Qriocity. playstation.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  65. ↑ Posted 2 days ago - By Leah Jackson: Hulu Offering Free Credit For PS3 Subscribers. G4tv.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  66. ↑ a b c d Details for PlayStation Network and Qriocity Customer Appreciation Program in North America. PlayStation Blog;
  67. ↑ a b c d e f g Details Of The Welcome Back Programme For SCEE Users. PlayStation Blog;
  68. ↑ Shane Richmond: Millions of internet users hit by massive Sony PlayStation data theft. Telegraph, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  69. ↑ a b Christopher Williams: PlayStation hack: Sony faces watchdog's questions. Telegraph, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  70. ↑ Wesley Yin-Poole: ICO confirms it will quiz Sony over PSN News - PlayStation 3 - Page 1. Eurogamer.net, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  71. ↑ Privacy Commissioner's office looking into Sony PlayStation hack. Canada.com, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  72. ↑ Blumenthal Demands Answers from Sony over Playstation Data Breach. Richard Blumenthal-US senator for Connecticut: Home, abgerufen am 26. April 2011.
  73. ↑ Blumenthal Calls for DOJ Investigation of Sony Playstation Data Breach. Richard Blumenthal-US senator for Connecticut: Home, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  74. ↑ US lawmakers press Sony for info on data breach, 29. April 2011. Abgerufen am 30. April 2011 
  75. ↑ Erica Ogg: Sony sued for PlayStation Network data breach | Circuit Breaker - CNET News. News.cnet.com, 24. März 2011, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  76. ↑ Johns v. Sony Computer Entertainment America LLC et al. Justia, 3. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 3. Mai 2011.
  77. ↑ Mathew J. Schwartz: Sony Sued Over PlayStation Network Hack. InformationWeek, abgerufen am 29. April 2011.
  78. ↑ Canadian Law Firm Files $1 Billion Lawsuit Against Sony Over PSN Data Breach. Gamastura, 4. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2011.
  79. ↑ Sony PlayStation Network Down: PSN Hit with $1.04B Class Action Suit. Gather, 4. Mai 2011, abgerufen am 4. Mai 2011.
  80. ↑ a b PlayStation users reporting credit card fraud. Abgerufen am 30. April 2011.
  81. ↑ Hackers run up debt for PlayStation user. Abgerufen am 30. April 2011.
  82. ↑ Hackers claim to have 2.2 million card details. Abgerufen am 30. April 2011.
  83. ↑ Ars readers report credit card fraud. Abgerufen am 30. April 2011.
  84. ↑ Q&A #1 for PlayStation Network and Qriocity Services – PlayStation Blog. In: blog.us.playstation.com. Abgerufen am 16. Mai 2011.
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