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Dallara DW12

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Vorlage:Infobox racing car

The Dallara DW12 is a racing car developed and produced by Italian manufacturer Dallara for use in the IndyCar Series. It was developed for use in the 2012 IndyCar Series season, replacing the aging Dallara IR-05 chassis. The DW12 was introduced after 2011 IZOD IndyCar World Championships. The chassis named after Dan Wheldon who killed at Las Vegas Motor Speedway on October 16, 2011.[1]

Starting in 2012 the series moved to using a common chassis supplied by Dallara.[2] Using a single supplier to supply chassis was introduced as a cost control method, and IndyCar has negotiated a fixed cost of $349,000 per chassis.[3] The new specification of chassis also improved safety, the most obvious feature being the partial enclosure around the rear wheels.

This chassis is intended to support multiple aerodynamic kits, but the introduction of these has been delayed until 2014 with teams citing costs.[4]

On 18 October, Italian manufacturer Dallara confirmed that the 2012 series car would be named after the late IndyCar driver Dan Wheldon (DW12) in honour of his work testing the car before his death two days prior at Las Vegas, with the new bumper/nerf bar section being featured, it was designed to prevent many similar single-seater crashes such as the one that killed Wheldon.[5] The nomenclature is similar to that of the old Formula One team Ligier, whose cars were labeled JSxx in memory of French F1 driver Jo Schlesser after his death at the 1968 French Grand Prix.

Dallara cars have won twelve of the sixteen Indianapolis 500s they have contested. In 2013, Dallara reached its milestone 200th Indy car victory at Barber.[6]

The ICONIC Project

The 2012 season saw the implementation of Indycar's new ICONIC Plan (Innovative, Competitive, Open-wheel, New, Industry-relevant, Cost-effective), the biggest change to the sport in recent history. The car used through 2011, a 2003/2007-model Dallara IR-05, and naturally aspirated V8 engines (required since 1997) were permanently retired. The ICONIC committee was composed of experts and executives from racing and technical fields: Randy Bernard, William R. Looney III, Brian Barnhart, Gil de Ferran, Tony Purnell, Eddie Gossage, Neil Ressler, Tony Cotman and Rick Long.[7] IndyCar accepted proposals from BAT Engineering, Dallara, DeltaWing, Lola and Swift for chassis design.[8] On July 14, 2010, the final decision was made public, with organisers accepting the Dallara proposal.[8]

New chassis

Under the new ICONIC regulations, all teams will compete with a core rolling chassis, called the "IndyCar Safety Cell",[8] developed by Italian designer Dallara. Teams will then outfit the chassis with separate body work, referred to as "Aero Kits", which consist of front and rear wings, sidepods, and engine cowlings.[8] Development of Aero Kits is open to any manufacturer, with all packages to be made available to all teams for a maximum price. ICONIC committee member Tony Purnell gave an open invitation to car manufacturers and companies such as Lockheed Martin and GE to develop kits.[9]

The IndyCar Safety cell will be capped at a price of $349,000[10] and will be assembled at a new Dallara facility in Speedway, Indiana. Aero Kits will be capped at $70,000.[10] Teams have the option of buying a complete Dallara safety cell/aero kit for a discounted price.[10]

On May 12, 2011, Dallara unveiled the first concept cars, one apiece in oval and road course Aero Kit configuration.[11]

On April 30, 2011, IndyCar owners voted 15–0 to reject the introduction of multiple Aero Kits for the 2012 season, citing costs.[12] Owners expressed their desire to introduce the new chassis/engines for 2012, but have all participants use the Dallara aerodynamic package in 2012, and delay the introduction of multiple aero kits until 2013. On August 14, 2011, IndyCar confirmed that the introduction of multiple Aero Kits would be delayed until 2013 for "economic reasons,"[13] and furthermore, it was put off for 2013 as well. Chevrolet and Lotus had already announced their intention to build aero kits.[14][15][16][17]

2011 Indianapolis 500 winner Dan Wheldon carried out the first official test of the Dallara chassis at Mid-Ohio in August 2011.[18] Following Wheldon's death at the season-ending race in Las Vegas, Dallara announced that the 2012 chassis would be named the DW12 in his honor.[19][20]

Debut

The first official test of the Dallara DW12 chassis was carried out by Dan Wheldon at Mid-Ohio on August 8, 2011.[18][21] Phase I of testing involved Wheldon, and was planned to involve three road courses and three ovals, over a total of about twelve days. The second test was held August 18 at Barber,[22] and the third was held on the USGP road course at Indianapolis on September 1.[23] Oval tests took place in September at Iowa[24] and Indianapolis.[25]

Honda (Scott Dixon) and Chevrolet (Will Power) began Phase II of on-track testing at Mid-Ohio in early October.[26] A scheduled test at Las Vegas was cancelled after the fatal crash of Dan Wheldon. Testing resumed in late October and continued through February at several venues including Sebring,[27] Fontana,[28] Homestead,[29] Phoenix,[30] and Sonoma.[31] Lotus first took to the track on January 12 at Palm Beach,[32] and testing by individual teams began on January 16.[33]

A full-field official open test took place on March 5–6 & 8–9, 2012 at Sebring International Raceway.[34]

The Dallara DW12's race debut was at the 2012 Honda Grand Prix of St. Petersburg on March 25, 2012. Team Penske's Will Power won the inaugural pole and Helio Castroneves won the first race with the DW12.

Full-field oval open tests are scheduled for April 4, 2012 at Indianapolis Motor Speedway[35] and for May 7, 2012 at Texas Motor Speedway.[36]

Technical Specifications

Chassis

Engine

  • Type: Single or Twin-Turbocharged
  • Designations: Chevy IndyCar V6 (Chevrolet), HI13RT (Honda), DC00 (Proton badged as Lotus)
  • Displacement: Vorlage:Convert
  • Cylinders: Maximum of six
  • Camshafts: Maximum of four
  • Crankshaft: Alloy steel, four main bearing caps, one-piece, no lower than 100 mm above the bottom of the chassis
  • Valves: Two inlet, two exhaust (mechanically-operated, only. Variable valve timing not permitted)
  • Valvetrain: DOHC, four-valves per cylinder
  • Connectiong rods: Machined alloy steel
  • RPM: 12000 maximum
  • V Angle: 60° minimum, 90° maximum
  • Bore: 95 mm diameter maximum
  • Stroke: Unsupplied
  • Compression ratio: Unsupplied
  • Turbocharger Vendor: BorgWarner
  • Turbocharger Model Numbers: EFR9180 (single), EFR6758 (twin)
  • Turbocharger Weights: 8 to 8.71 kg/17.6 to 19.2 lbs (single, depending on the turbine housing used), 4.91 to 5.1 kg/10.8 to 11.2 lbs (twin, depending on the turbine housing used)
  • Turbocharger Boost Level: 22.47 psi
  • Wastegate: Maximum of two, electronic or pneumatic controlled, vendor chosen by each manufacturer
  • Ignition: Coil-based, vendor chosen by each manufacturer
  • Exhausts: As built and homologated by each manufacturer
  • Lubrication: Dry sump system, featuring both pressure and multi-stage scavenge pumps, with a front-mounted oil tank
  • Fuel injectors: Maximum of two per cylinder, vendor chosen by each manufacturer (Direct injection permitted)
  • Spark plugs: One per cylinder, vendor chosen by each manufacturer
  • Cooling: Single mechanical water pump feeding a single-sided cooling system
  • Weight: Vorlage:Convert
  • Length: Vorlage:Convert
  • Banned Engine Materials: Alloys containing more than 3 percent/weight beryllium, iridium or rhenium, metal matrix composites, magnesium-based alloys, inter-metallic materials
  • Power output: 550-700 hp (410-522 kW) depending on turbo boost and push-to-pass
  • Torque: Approx. Vorlage:Convert
  • Push-to-Pass: Road and street course races
  • Fuel pump: Supplied by Dallara
  • Fuel pressure: Maximum 300 bar
  • Fuel: Sunoco E85 Ethanol
  • Fuel Mileage: 3 mpg approx.

Clutch

  • Type: Three-plate carbon with steel housing
  • Vendor: AP Racing
  • Model Number: CP8153-DE03

Transmission

  • Type: Sequential
  • Manufacturer: Xtrac
  • Model Number: 1011
  • Number of Gears: Six
  • Shifting Actuation: Paddle
  • Shifting Actuation System Vendor: MegaLine

Suspension

  • Type (Front): Double A-Arm, pushrod, with third spring and anti-roll bar
  • Type (Rear): Double A-Arm, pushrod, with third spring and anti-roll bar
  • Damper Vendors: Unrestricted, use of inerters within the damper housing permitted[37]

Aerodynamics

  • Type: Ground effects underbody used in conjunction with front and rear wings
  • Front Wing Assembly: Fixed main element with second and third adjustable elements per side
  • Front Second (middle) Element Range: -10° to +32°
  • Front Third (top) Element Range: Three pre-set positions of 6.5°, 9.0° or 11.5°
  • Rear Wing Assembly: Fixed main element with single adjustable upper element
  • Wickers: 1 in maximum height
  • Downforce: Vorlage:Convert at 200 mph (approx.)
  • Drag: Vorlage:Convert at 200 mph (approx.)
  • Strakes: One per tunnel

Brakes

  • Type: Carbon discs and pads with monobloc aluminum calipers
  • Supplier: Brembo
  • Front/Rear Calipers: Six-piston design, with 28/30/36mm pistons
  • Caliper Weight: Vorlage:Convert each
  • Front/Rear Brake Disc Dimensions: 328 mm dia./12.9 in dia., 30 mm thickness/1.18 in thickness (minimum thickness: 19 mm/.75 in)
  • Carbon Brake Pad Thickness: Vorlage:Convert
  • Carbon Pad Weight: Vorlage:Convert each
  • Maximum Disc Operating Temperature: Vorlage:Convert

Electronics

  • ECU Vendor: McLaren Electronic Systems
  • ECU Model Number: 400i
  • Dash, Data Logging System and Chassis Wiring Loom Vendor: Cosworth Electronics
  • Engine Loom: Vendor chosen by each manufacturer
  • Drive-by-Wire System: Vendor chosen by each manufacturer
  • Hand Clutch Vendor: AP Racing

Wheels

  • Type: Single lug
  • Vendors: BBS, O.Z. Racing, Avus
  • Front Dimensions: 10 in wide x 15 in diameter
  • Rear Dimensions: 14 in wide x 15 in diameter
  • Wheel Nut Torque: 430 lbs

Tires

  • Type: Dry Slick and Rain Treaded
  • Supplier: Firestone Firehawk
  • Front Tire Dimensions: 100/258 - R15 (Road and street course)
  • Front Tire Weight: Vorlage:Convert
  • Rear Dimensions: 145/280 - R15 (Road and street course)
  • Rear Tire weight: Vorlage:Convert
  • Tire Allotment: 9 sets per weekend, 5 sets primaries, 3 sets alternates, 1 set used primary (2011: 9 sets per weekend, 6 new primary, 3 sets alternate)

Cockpit and Safety

  • Steering wheel: Sparco with 13 buttons + mounted dash
  • Seat belt: 6-point seat belt
  • Suppliers: Sabelt, Willans, Takata, Simpson, Sparco and Schroth
  • HANS device: Yes
  • Rear view mirror, helmet, headsock, firesuit, racing gloves, racing socks, racing boots: Required by driver

References

Vorlage:Reflist

  1. ↑ Dallara DW12, named after the late Dan Wheldon, transformed IndyCar. , abgerufen am 20. Januar 2013.
  2. ↑ IndyCar’s 2012 Chassis: Lessons Learned from the Car of Tomorrow. , abgerufen am 20. Januar 2013.
  3. ↑ Dallara named IndyCar chassis supplier for 2012. , abgerufen am 20. Januar 2013.
  4. ↑ Aero Kit Discussions, Decisions Continue To Evolve. , abgerufen am 20. Januar 2013.
  5. ↑ Dallara to name 2012 IndyCar in honour of Dan Wheldon. Autosport.com, , abgerufen am 18. Oktober 2011.
  6. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Dallara to mark its 200th win in series at Barber, IndyCar, 1. April 2013. Abgerufen am 5. April 2013 
  7. ↑ echnology ICONIC Advisory Committee, IndyCar.com. Abgerufen im February 18, 2011 
  8. ↑ a b c d 2012 car strategy embraces innovation, IndyCar.com, July 14, 2010. Abgerufen im February 18, 2011 
  9. ↑ Purnell challenges future constructors, autosport.com, July 14, 2010 
  10. ↑ a b c Dallara named IndyCar chassis supplier for 2012, AutoWeek.com, July 15, 2010. Abgerufen im February 18, 2011 
  11. ↑ Divergent 2012 car concepts match schedule, IndyCar.com, May 10, 2011 
  12. ↑ INDYCAR: Owners Reject Aero Kits For 2012, SpeedTV.com, May 3, 2011. Abgerufen im May 13, 2011 
  13. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Alternative aero kits postponed until 2013. In: IndyCar.com. , archiviert vom Original am Vorlage:Dokument <onlyinclude></incl></onlx> Achtung: Die Vorlage:Dokumentation wird im Artikelnamensraum verwendet. Wahrscheinlich fehlt <onlyinclude> in einer eingebundenen Vorlage oder die Kapselung ist fehlerhaft. Bitte entferne diesen Fehler. ; abgerufen am 14. August 2011.
  14. ↑ ECONOMAKI: Chevrolet To Make Welcomed IndyCar Return, National Speed Sport News, November 16, 2010. Abgerufen im February 25, 2011 
  15. ↑ Manufacturer competition blooms with Lotus, IndyCar.com, November 18, 2010. Abgerufen im February 25, 2011 
  16. ↑ Lotus to manufacture engines for IndyCar Series beginning in 2012, Sports Illustrated, November 17, 2010. Abgerufen im February 25, 2011 
  17. ↑ IndyCar: Lotus to badge engines in 2012, will compete against Honda and Chevy, AutoWeek, November 17, 2010. Abgerufen im February 25, 2011 
  18. ↑ a b O'Leary, Jamie. 2012 Dallara makes test debut, Autosport, August 8, 2011, Retrieved 2011-12-07
  19. ↑ Lewandowski, Dave. Test pilot, IndyCar, October 17, 2011, Retrieved 2011-12-07
  20. ↑ Lostia, Michele and Pablo Elizalde. 2012 Dallara to be called DW12, Autosport, October 26, 2011, Retrieved 2011-12-07
  21. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: On track for new era in 2012, IndyCar.com, August 8, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  22. ↑ New car test at Barber, IndyCar.com, August 19, 2011. Abgerufen im January 1, 2012 
  23. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Notes: New car passes biggest test yet, IndyCar.com, September 3, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  24. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Around and around, IndyCar.com, September 22, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  25. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Indy test will complete validation Phase, IndyCar.com, September 27, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  26. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: On to Phase 2 for 2012, IndyCar.com, October 4, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  27. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Manufacturer program pushes forward, IndyCar.com, October 27, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  28. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: 2012 car oval test in the West, IndyCar.com, November 29, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  29. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Manufacturers work through their programs, IndyCar.com, December 13, 2011. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  30. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: 'Yeahs' have it for PIR return, IndyCar.com, February 23, 2012. Abgerufen im February 27, 2012 
  31. ↑ Dave Lewandowski: Chevy test day at Infineon draws a crowd, IndyCar.com, February 25, 2012. Abgerufen im February 27, 2012 
  32. ↑ HVM, Lotus begin testing at Palm Beach In: Racer, Haymarket Publications, January 13, 2012. Abgerufen im January 24, 2012 
  33. ↑ Tony DiZinno: IndyCar testing priorities intensify on Sebring day one In: Racer, Haymarket Publications, January 16, 2012. Abgerufen im January 24, 2012 
  34. ↑ Open Test scheduled by groups, IndyCar.com, January 16, 2012. Abgerufen im January 17, 2012 
  35. ↑ [1]
  36. ↑ [2]
  37. ↑ Dallara DW12 Specifications, auto-racing.speedtv.com, 23. März 2012 
Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dallara_DW12&oldid=164942097“