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Linux-libre

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Vorlage:Distinguish Vorlage:Other uses Vorlage:Infobox OS Linux-libre is an operating system kernel and a GNU package [1] that is maintained from modified versions of the Linux kernel. The aim of the project is to remove any software that does not include its source code, has its source code obfuscated or released under proprietary licenses from the Linux kernel. The parts that have no source code are called binary blobs and are generally proprietary firmware which, while generally redistributable, generally do not give the user the freedom to modify or study them. It is a prominent example of free software.

History

Linux started including binary blobs in 1996.[2] The work to clear out the binary blobs began in 2006 with gNewSense's find-firmware and gen-kernel. This work was taken further by BLAG in 2007 with deblob and Linux-libre was born.[3][4] Linux-libre was first released by the Free Software Foundation Latin America (FSFLA), then endorsed by the Free Software Foundation[5] as a valuable component for the totally free Linux distributions. It became a GNU package on March 2012.[6] Alexandre Oliva is the project maintainer.

Method of proprietary firmware removal

The removal process is achieved by using a script called deblob-main.[7] This script is inspired by the one used for gNewSense. Jeff Moe made subsequent modifications to meet certain requirements for its use with the BLAG Linux and GNU distribution. There is another script called deblob-check,[8] which is used to check if a kernel source file, a patch or a compressed sources file still contains software which is suspected of being proprietary.

Effects of removing proprietary firmware

Aside from the primary intended effect of running a system with only free software, the practical consequences of removing device firmware that a user is not allowed to study or modify has both positive and negative effects.

Advantages include the removal of device firmware which cannot be audited for bugs and security problems, or fixed by the Linux kernel maintainers themselves even if they know of them. It is possible for the entire system to be compromised by a malicious firmware, and without the ability to perform a security audit on manufacturer-provided firmware, even an innocent bug could undermine the safety of the running system.[9]

The downside of removing proprietary firmware from the kernel is that it will cause loss of functionality of certain hardware that does not have a free software replacement available. This affects certain sound, video, TV tuner, and network cards, as well as some other devices. When possible, free software replacement firmware is provided as a substitute.[10]

Availability

The source code and precompiled packages of the deblobbed Linux kernel are available directly from the distributions which use the Linux-Libre scripts. Freed-ora is a subproject which prepares and maintains RPM packages based on the Fedora kernel.[11] There are also precompiled packages for Debian[12] and derived distributions such as Ubuntu.[13]

Distributions

Parabola GNU/Linux uses Linux-libre as its default kernel.
Trisquel implements 100% free kernels based on Linux-libre since version 2.1.

Distributions in which Linux-libre is the default kernel used:

Distributions in which Linux is the default kernel used and which propose Linux-libre as alternate kernel:

The following distributions have announced plans to use Linux-libre as its kernel:

Real-time version

The kernel of the dyne:bolic distribution has been compiled to work in real-time, giving it better performance for multimedia editing and other tasks which require hard latency guarantees.[22] In addition, a realtime kernel is available in Trisquel and Parabola[24] as an optional download.

See also

References

Vorlage:Reflist

Vorlage:Commons category

Vorlage:Linux

  1. ↑ [1] directory.fsf.org
  2. ↑ Take your freedom back, with Linux-2.6.33-libre FSFLA, 2010.
  3. ↑ Alexandre Oliva: Linux-libre and the prisoners’ dilemma FSFLA, 2009.
  4. ↑ a b jebba: BLAG :: View topic - Linux Libre BLAG forums, 2008.
  5. ↑ Free Software Foundation: Linux (BLOB free version). In: Free Software Directory. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011: „[...] in the interest of freedom, we are providing a link to a version of the kernel in which this proprietary code has been removed so that it is entirely free software“
  6. ↑ Vorlage:Cite mailing list
  7. ↑ Free Software Foundation Latin America: How it is done. In: Linux-libre, Free as in Freedo. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
  8. ↑ fsfla - Revision 8200: /software/linux-libre/scripts. In: Free Software Foundation Latin America. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
  9. ↑ Guillaume Delugré: Reversing the Broacom NetExtreme's Firmware. hack.lu. Sogeti, 21. November 2010 (sogeti.com [PDF; abgerufen am 18. April 2012]).
  10. ↑ LinuxLibre:Devices that require non-free firmware. LibrePlanet, 5. Februar 2011, abgerufen am 17. April 2012.
  11. ↑ Free Software Foundation Latin America: Linux-libre's Freed-ora project. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011: „Freed-ora is a sub-project that prepares and maintains 100% Free RPMs that track Fedora's non-Free kernels“
  12. ↑ Vorlage:Cite mailing list
  13. ↑ Ali Gündüz: Uncle Gnufs' World Famous Home Baked Free Kernel Shoppe. In: aligunduz.org. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
  14. ↑ ConnochaetOS. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011: „ConnochaetOS [...] feature: a current Linux-Libre “LTS” kernel [...]“
  15. ↑ Dragora overview dragora.org
  16. ↑ RMS GNU/Linux-libre: RMS GNU/Linux-libre. 2011, abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
  17. ↑ Index of /repos/venenux/pool/principal/l/linux-source-2.6.28.7-venenux-libre. In: VENENUX GNU/LINUX. 24. August 2009, abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
  18. ↑ Arch Linux: linux-libre 3.1-2. In: AUR. 9. August 2011, abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
  19. ↑ Damián Fossi: Linux-Libre: Resumen del proyecto. In: Forja. 24. August 2009, abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2001 (castilian).
  20. ↑ Tim O'Kelly: Bug 266157. In: Gentoo's Bugzilla. Gentoo Linux, 14. April 2009, abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
  21. ↑ Licenses: Common Setups. In: Gentoo Wiki. Gentoo Linux, 6. August 2012, abgerufen am 8. August 2012.
  22. ↑ a b Vorlage:Cite mailing list
  23. ↑ ftp://musix.ourproject.org/pub/musix/deb/kernel/2.6.26-libre-rt. In: Índice de ftp://musix.ourproject.org/. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011 (castilian).
  24. ↑ http://repo.parabolagnulinux.org/kernels/os/i686/. In: Index of http://repo.parabolagnulinux.org/kernels/os/i686/. Abgerufen am 6. Dezember 2011.
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