Wardan Wardanowitsch Kuschnir
Vardan Vardanovich Kushnir (November 22, 1970 - July 24, 2005) was an Armenian-descended spammer who ran the American Language Center, and who is believed to have spammed the entire population of Russian-language Internet users with ads for his language courses.
According to some estimates, his ads reached 25 million users at his peak, between 2003 and 2004. Although only Muscovites were eligible to sign up, the ads went to many other countries, including Ukraine, the United States and Israel.
By comparison RInet, his first preferred host, never had more than 8 million users during that time. Over the course of 2004 his output began to fall. He was almost completely forced off public email systems and resorted instead to using pager network ICQ.
Public opprobrium against him was so great that his personal information was widely reposted. The country's deputy minister of communications, Andrey Korotkov, recorded a message urging Kushnir to stop what he was doing, and Golden Telecom, one of the country's larger ISPs, set up a computer that dialed ALC's telephone numbers continuously, playing the message. The company's website also became the target of DDOS attacks, and its phone numbers were reposted anywhere and everywhere on the Russian-language web, as contacts for anything from sex to cheap real estate.
A lawyer named Anton Sergo filed a complaint with the Antitrust Authority, which oversees advertising in Russia. Kushnir at first snubbed the hearings, until proceedings were started against him for noncompliance. He finally showed up and said he had no idea who was sending the ads. The complaint was dismissed.
Legal sanctions against him weren't limited to Russia. In April 2001, the state of Kansas ordered him and an associate, Florida resident Michael Walker, to stop their spam-promotion of stock in Sophim Inc., on the grounds that not only was Sophim not registered at the time, neither he nor Walker were licensed brokers.
Those who knew him attributed his spamming, which his ALC partner disapproved of and which did not really generate much business for the center, to megalomania: "He only did it because he was obsessed with it. He wanted to be somebody, to be recognized somehow. So he way overdid it."
In the same vein, he was known for his voracious sexual appetite, frequently picking up women at local bars and clubs, obsessively cruising the Internet for women, reportedly spending most of the $7-10,000 he earned from ALC every month on prostitutes and frequently neglecting to pay the instructors in full, resulting in a very high turnover rate.
According to former employees, he was also strongly influenced by Scientology and made hiring decisions based on the results of a 400-item questionnaire derived on a Scientology text.
On Sunday, July 24, 2005, his body was removed from the three-room apartment he shared with his mother on Sadovaya-Karetnaya Street in central Moscow. The autopsy determined that he had died after suffering repeated blows to the head. According to police, his apartment and personal belongings had been ransacked. They did not believe the killing was related to his spamming. Traces of a strong tranquilizer were found in a glass, therefore investigators theorize it was merely a robbery gone bad.
Lending credence to this theory, he was last seen alive in the company of three women he left the Hungry Duck with, who may have administered the fatal beating when he woke prematurely from his spiked drink.
The Russian media could scarcely conceal their glee at Kushnir's death, since his spam overloaded many of the country's inboxes. His spam, and others, had also led to many servers blocking all emails from the .ru domain, hindering Russian users' ability to connect with the rest of the world. While he was not the sole source of Russia's spam problem (Russia's lack of effective anti-spam laws has a lot to do with that), he personified it to many both within and outside Russia.