Liste der Poets Laureate im Vereinigten Königreich
The Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, frequently referred to as the (British) Poet Laureate, is the Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom. Originally, laureates were of the Kingdom of England (to 1707), then of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1707-1801), then of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1801-1922); and since 1922 of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The post was traditionally held for life, with the exception of John Dryden, who was removed from the post in 1688 because he refused to swear an oath of allegiance to the new king William III. However, starting with Andrew Motion in 1999, the appointment is now made for a fixed term of 10 years.[1] The post of Poet Laureate is traditionally rewarded with "a butt of sack", which in the modern day is approximately equivalent to 477 litres (107 gallons) of sherry.[2] The Poet Laureate also receives an annual honorarium, currently set at GB£5,750.[1]
It is the first time in three centuries of existence that the "royal bard" is a woman, Carol Ann Duffy, designated in May 2009 official poetess of the United Kingdom.[3]
Mediaeval England
Under the title versificator regis:
- Richard Canonicus employed by Richard I (reigned 1189–99)
- Gulielmus Peregrinus (d. c. 1207) employed by Richard I
- Master Henry employed by Henry III (reigned 1216–72) (according to Thomas Warton)
- Andrew Baston[4]
- Geoffrey Chaucer (c. 1343–1400)
- John Kay in the reign of Edward IV, 1461–83
Tudor England
| Poet Laureate | Portrait | Birth | Alma mater | Appointed | Notable poetry | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bernard André (also Andreas) |
1450 Toulouse, France |
by Henry VII | 1522 | |||
| John Skelton (also Shelton, Scheklton) |
c. 1460 possibly Diss, Norfolk |
University of Cambridge | 1513/1514 by Henry VIII |
"Replycacion" "Speke, Parrot" "The Boke of Phyllyp Sparowe" |
June 21, 1529 | |
| Edmund Spenser |  |
c. 1552 London |
Pembroke College, University of Cambridge | by Elizabeth I | "Epithalamium" "The Shepheardes Calender" "The Faerie Queene" Amoretti |
January 13, 1599 London |
1599 to present
| Poet Laureate | Portrait | Birth | Alma mater | Appointed | Notable poetry | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Samuel Daniel |  |
1562 Near Taunton, Somerset |
Magdalen Hall, Oxford University | 1599 by Elizabeth I |
"Musophilus" "The Complaint of Rosamond" Epistles to Distinguished Persons |
October 14, 1619 Beckington, Somerset |
| Ben Jonson |  |
c. 11 June 1572 Westminster, London |
Westminster School (Did not attend university) |
1616 by James I |
"Epigrams" "On My First Son" "To Penshurst" "To Celia" Underwoods |
6 August, 1637 Westminster, London |
| William Davenant (also D'Avenant) |
 |
late February, 1606 Oxford |
Lincoln College, Oxford University (Did not graduate) |
1638 by Charles I |
"A Discourse upon Gondibert, an heroick poem" "A Panegyric to his Excellency the Lord General Monck" "Poem, Upon His Sacred Majesties Most Happy Return to His Dominions" |
April 7, 1668 London |
| John Dryden |  |
9 August, 1631 Aldwincle, Northamptonshire |
Trinity College, University of Cambridge | 1668 by Charles II Dismissed by William III and Mary II in 1688 |
"Astraea Redux" "Annus Mirabilis" "Absalom and Achitophel" |
12 May, 1700 London |
| Thomas Shadwell | Datei:ShadwellT.jpg | c. 1642 Stanton Hall, Norfolk |
Gonville and Caius College, University of Cambridge | 1689 by William III and Mary II |
"Dear Pretty Youth" "Love in their little veins inspires" "Nymphs and Shepherds" |
19 November, 1692 Chelsea, London |
| Nahum Tate | 1652 Dublin, Ireland |
Trinity College, Dublin | 1692 by William III and Mary II |
"Panacea, a poem on Tea" | July 30, 1715 Southwark, London | |
| Nicholas Rowe |  |
June 20, 1674 Little Barford, Bedfordshire |
Middle Temple | 1715 by George I |
"A Poem upon the Late Glorious Successes of Her Majesty's Arms" Poems on Several Occasions Maecenas "Ode for the New Year MDCCXVI" |
December 6, 1718 London |
| Laurence Eusden | Datei:Eusden.JPG | September 6, 1688 Spofforth, North Yorkshire |
Trinity College, University of Cambridge | 1718 by George I |
"The Origin Of The Knights Of The Bath" | September 27, 1730 Coningsby, Lincolnshire |
| Colley Cibber |  |
11 June, 1671 London |
No formal education | 1730 by George II |
12 November, 1757 London | |
| William Whitehead | 
|
early February, 1715 | Clare College, University of Cambridge | 1757 by George II (on the refusal of Thomas Gray) |
"On Ridicule" "The Enthusiast" "The Je Ne Scai Quoi" |
14 April, 1785 London |
| Thomas Warton | Datei:Thomaswarton.JPG | January 9, 1728 Basingstoke, Hampshire |
Trinity College, Oxford University | 1785 by George III (on the refusal of William Mason) |
"The Triumph of Isis" "To the River Lodon" |
May 21, 1790 Oxford |
| Henry James Pye |  |
February 20, 1745 London |
Magdalen College, Oxford University | 1790 by George III |
Poems on Various Subjects "Alfred" |
August 11, 1813 Pinner, Middlesex |
| Robert Southey |  |
12 August, 1774 Bristol |
Balliol College, Oxford University | 1813 by George III (on the refusal of Walter Scott) |
"God's Judgement on a Wicked Bishop" "The Inchcape Rock" "After Blenheim" "Cataract of Lodore" |
21 March, 1843 Cumberland |
| William Wordsworth |  |
7 April, 1770 Cockermouth, Cumberland |
St John's College, University of Cambridge | 1843 by Victoria |
"I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" "The Prelude" "Tintern Abbey" The Lucy poems "The World Is Too Much with Us" |
23 April, 1850 Grasmere, Cumberland |
| Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson |  |
6 August, 1809 Somersby, Lincolnshire |
Trinity College, University of Cambridge | 1850 by Victoria (on the refusal of Samuel Russell) |
"The Charge of the Light Brigade" "Tears, idle tears" "Crossing the Bar" "In Memoriam A.H.H." "Ulysses" "Tithonus" |
6 October, 1892 Haslemere, Surrey |
| Alfred Austin |  |
May 30, 1835 Headingley, Leeds |
University of London | 1896 by Victoria (on the refusal of William Morris) |
"The Season: a Satire" "To England" |
June 2, 1913 Ashford, Kent |
| Robert Bridges |  |
23 October, 1844 Walmer, Kent |
Corpus Christi College, Oxford University | 1913 by George V |
"Melancholia" "The Evening Darkens Over" |
21 April, 1930 Oxford |
| John Masefield | Datei:John Masefield.jpg | 1 June, 1878 Ledbury, Herefordshire |
King's School, Warwick (Did not attend university) |
1930 by George V |
"The Everlasting Mercy" "Sea-Fever" "Reynard The Fox" |
12 May, 1967 Abingdon, Oxfordshire |
| Cecil Day-Lewis | April 27, 1904 Ballintubbert, Queen's County (now County Laois), Ireland |
Wadham College, Oxford University | 1968 by Elizabeth II |
"Newsreel" | May 22, 1972 Hadley Wood, Hertfordshire | |
| John Betjeman |  |
28 August, 1906 Hampstead, London |
Magdalen College, Oxford University | 1972 by Elizabeth II |
"Christmas" "Slough" "The Conversion of St Paul" |
19 May 1984 Trebetherick, Cornwall |
| Ted Hughes | Datei:Ted-Hughes-March1993.jpg | 17 August, 1930 Mytholmroyd, West Yorkshire |
Pembroke College, University of Cambridge | 1984 by Elizabeth II (on the refusal of Philip Larkin) |
Crow Moortown Diary Wolfwatching Tales from Ovid Birthday Letters |
28 October, 1998 Devon |
| Andrew Motion | 26 October, 1952 London |
University College, Oxford University | 1 May 1999 by Elizabeth II Retired on 1 May, 2009 |
"The Letter" | Still alive | |
| Carol Ann Duffy | .jpg?lang=de) |
23 December, 1955 Glasgow |
University of Liverpool | 1 May, 2009 by Elizabeth II |
The World's Wife | Still alive |
References
- ↑ a b Carol Ann Duffy is the new Poet Laureate at The Poetry Society
- ↑ http://www.theherald.co.uk/search/display.var.2505500.0.scottish_writer_duffy_is_first_female_poet_laureate.php
- ↑ La monarquía británica se apunta a Twitter, Yahoo News, July 11, 2009, 11:23 AM. Abgerufen am 14. Juli 2009 (castilian).
- ↑ http://www.electricscotland.com/history/stirlingshire/chap10.htm