An air speed record is the highest speed attained by an aircraft of a particular class.
The rules for all official aviation records are defined by Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI), and they also ratify any claims. Speed records are divided into multiple classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes, seaplanes and amphibians; then within these classes, there are records for aircraft in several mass bands. There are still further sub-divisions for piston-engined, turbojet, turboprop and rocket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads. There are still further records for the speed between specified cities such as London to New York.
FAI classes
| Class | Category |
|---|---|
| A | Free Balloons |
| B | Airships |
| C | Aeroplanes |
| D | Gliders & Motorgliders |
| E | Rotorcraft |
| F | Model aircraft - RC, CL, & FF types |
| G | Parachuting |
| H | Vertical Take-off and Landing aeroplanes |
| I | Human-powered aircraft |
| K | Spacecraft |
| M | Tilt-wing / Tilt-engine aircraft |
| N | Short Take-off and Landing aeroplanes |
| O | Hang gliding & Paragliding |
| P | Aerospacecraft |
| R | Microlight |
| S | Space Models |
| U | Unmanned Aerial Vehicles |
Timeline
Official records versus unofficial
The Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird holds the official Air Speed Record for a manned airbreathing jet aircraft with a speed of 3,529.56 km/h (2,194 mph). It was capable of taking off and landing unassisted on conventional runways. The record was set on 28 July 1976 by Eldon W. Joersz near Beale Air Force Base, California, USA.[7]
For a period of time, during and immediately following World War II, the unpublicised and unofficial speed record of 1004.5 km/h (623.8 mph) set by the Messerschmitt Me 163AV4(the third prototype) rocket aircraft, on October 2, 1941 was actually the fastest velocity any aircraft had been measured as traveling to that time. That figure, set during wartime when no records were being ratified, was achieved by the Me 163A V4 at altitude rather than sea-level as it had been towed by a Bf 110 to set the record. Many record attempts were stated as being "set" after World War II by such aircraft as the Gloster Meteor, which exceeded the 755 km/h (469 mph) velocity record of the pre-war holder (the Messerschmitt Me 209 V1 piston engined aircraft) but the first to actually exceed the Me 163 A V4 claim was the Douglas Skystreak on August 20, 1947.
The very fastest manned atmospheric vehicle of all time was the Apollo command module as it returned from the moon, reaching speeds of around Mach 30. Although it used the air largely as a brake, it did also achieve a lift to drag ratio of around 0.368[8] which was used to control the flight trajectory. However this is probably very different from most people's idea of an 'aircraft', and a L/D ratio of 1 or above is arguably the borderline of what may be considered flying.
Other air speed records
| Year | Pilot | Airspeed | Aircraft | Comments | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mph | km/h | ||||
| 1955 | Hank Baird | 623 | 1,003 | Republic XF-84H | Propeller driven plane record |
| 1967 | 'Pete' Knight | 4,510 | 7,258 | North American X-15 | rocket plane; incapable of breathing air |
| 1981-present | several | 17,500 | 28,000 | Space Shuttle | Speed during re-entry |
| 11 August 1986 | John Egginton | 249.1 | 401.0 | Westland Lynx 800 G-LYNX | helicopter world speed record |
| August 21 1989 | Lyle Shelton | 528.33 | 850.26 | Grumman F8F Bearcat Rare Bear | Fastest straight-line piston-engined aircraft - 528.33mph |
| December 22 2006 | Klaus Ohlmann & Matias Garcia Mazzaro | 190.6 | 306.8 | Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-4DM | Over 500km. Fastest speed in any of FAI's gliding records |
| November 16 2004 | unmanned | 7,000 | 11,270 | Boeing X-43A | air-launched hypersonic scramjet |
See also
References
- ↑ Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann, Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994
- ↑ Heini Dittmar
- ↑ Wolfgang Späte, Der streng geheime Vogel Me 163 p.32,33 ISBN 3-895-55142-2 1983
- ↑ Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994
- ↑ Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994
- ↑ Jackson, Robert: F-86 Sabre: The Operational Record. Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994.
- ↑ Current air speed record. Abgerufen am 18. Oktober 2006.
- ↑ Hillje, Ernest R., "Entry Aerodynamics at Lunar Return Conditions Obtained from the Flight of Apollo 4 (AS-501)," NASA TN D-5399, (1969).