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Raimo Olavi Toivonen

Finnischer Forscher
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Raimo Olavi Toivonen (* 1953 in Kankaanpää, Finnland) ist ein finnischer Entwickler von Sprachanalyse, Sprachsynthese, Sprachtechnologie, Psychoakustik und digitaler Signalverarbeitung.

Raimo Olavi Toivonen (1979)
1980er Intelligent Speech Analyser (ISA) -System. Auf der linken Seite befindet sich ein Macintosh SE/30 mit einer Festplatte. Auf der rechten Seite befindet sich ein ISA-Signalcomputer mit einem universellen 16-Bit-Signalprozessor TMS32010 von Texas und einem separaten großen 16-Bit-Signalspeicher. Sony 16-Bit-2-Kanal-Wandler sind an den Signalcomputer angeschlossen. ISA misst Frequenzen mit Skalen: hertz, Bark, ERB, Mel, Koenig, Oktave, Halbton, Halbton/100 und Halbton/1000.[1][2][3]
Datei:Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA).jpg
Intelligent Speech Analyser (ISA)

Leben und Werk

Toivonen studierte an der Technischen Universität Tampere (TUT), wo er 1979 ein Diplom in Elektrotechnik erhielt.[4]

Die Entwicklung der Sprachsynthese begann 1975 am TUT und wurde dort von 1975 bis 1976 fortgesetzt. Die Entwicklungsarbeiten am VTT in Tampere wurden fortgesetzt. Danach wurde die Entwicklungsarbeit 1978 an die TUT-Elektronikabteilung übertragen. Dort wurde die Entwicklungsarbeit bis 1981 fortgesetzt. Toivonen trat im Januar 1977 der Entwicklung von Sprachsyntheseanwendungen bei.[5][6][7][8][9][4]

Die erste Präsentation des von Toivonen entwickelten Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) fand im Januar 1987 beim finnischen Phonetik-Treffen an der Universität Jyväskylä statt.[3] Die Entwicklungsarbeiten begannen 1985 und wurden seitdem fortgesetzt.[1][2]

In 100 akademischen Arbeiten, von denen 30 Dissertationen sind, wurde die gesprochene Sprache mit Hilfe der von Toivonen entwickelten ISA untersucht. Mit ISA wurden 14 gesprochene Sprachen akademisch recherchiert und Artikel mit 15 Sprachen geschrieben. Diese 14 gesprochenen Sprachen sind finnische Dialekte, finnisches Schwedisch, Schwedisch, Estnisch, Isländisch, Ungarisch, Polnisch, Tschechisch, Deutsch in verschiedenen europäischen Ländern, Russisch, Englisch in verschiedenen Ländern, Französisch, Spanisch in Südamerika, Nordafrika, Spanien und Portugiesisch.[1][2][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]

Mit ISA wurden wissenschaftliche Publikationen in folgenden Bereichen veröffentlicht:
Phonetik,[1][2][10][11][12][13][20][19][21][22]
Messung von Formanten,[1][2][20][19][23][10][11][12][13]
Messung der Grundfrequenz der menschlichen Stimme,[13][17][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]
Schalldruckpegel (SPL, Sound pressure level),[31][32][33][15][16]
Langfristiges Durchschnittsspektrum (Long-Term Average Spectrum),[31][32][33][15][16]
Phonologie,[1][2][14]
Psychoakustik,[1][2][20][19][21]
Sprachsynthese mit Synte 2 Text-zu-Sprache-Synthesizer, SPL1 Forschung Sprachsynthesizer und ISA,[34][35]
Gehirnforschung mit Synte 2 Text-zu-Sprache-Synthesizer, SPL1 Forschung Sprachsynthesizer und ISA,[1][2][36][37][38][39][23]
Sprachtherapie,[1][2][33]
Vocology,[1][2][33][40][41][42][43]
Sprachprosodie,[1][2][44][45]
Radio Speech,[46][47]
Die Stimme des Lehrers,[1][2][48][49][50][51][52][53][54]
Emotionen in der Stimme,[1][2][55][56]
Spektrale Eigenschaften einer guten menschlichen Stimme,[1][2][15][16][31][32]
Phoniatrie,[1][2][17][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]
Audiologie,[1][2][57][58]
Musikinstrumentenforschung.[1][2][18]

Schriften (Auswahl)

Forschungsprojekt der Akademie von Finnland Entwicklung von Kommunikationsinstrumenten für sensorisch Behinderte

  • mit Tapani Rahko, Matti Karjalainen, Unto Laine, Pekka Karma: Clinical Applications of the Experiences with a Portable, Unlimited Text-to-Speech Synthesizer, Ear and Hearing, 1981;2:4:177–179. doi:10.1097/00003446-198107000-00007.
  • mit M.A. Karjalainen, U.K. Laine.: Aids for the handicapped based on "Synte 2" speech synthesizer, ICASSP '80. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, April 9–11, 1980;5:851–854. doi:10.1109/ICASSP.1980.1171070.
  • mit Matti Karjalainen, Unto Laine, Seppo Lavonen: Aistivammaisten kommunikaatiovälineiden kehittäminen, Yhteenvetoraportti, luku 4, Puhesynteesitutkimuksesta (Development of communication tools for the sensory impaired, Final report, Chapter 4, From speech synthesis research), Report 12, Finnish Technical Research Center, Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, Tampere, 1979. OCLC 57811588.
  • Sokeain ohjelmoijain audiovisuaalinen tietokonepääte (An audio-visual computer terminal for blind programmers), Tampere University of Technology, Department of Electronics, 1979. (Master's Thesis in Technology)[4]

Forschungsprojekt der Akademie von Finnland Auditive Modellierung der Sprachwahrnehmung

  • mit Matti Karjalainen (Hrsg.): Puheen kuulemisen mallintaminen (Auditory modelling of speech perception), Helsinki University of Technology, Acoustics laboratory, 1987. OCLC 57889092.

Dreiteilige Artikelserie

  • Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 1. Synteettinen puhe auttaa näkövammaista (The microprocessor came and stayed 1. Synthetic speech helps the visually impaired). In: Aamulehti vom 12. Februar 1980.
  • Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 2. Kirjat ja lehdet saadaan puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 2. Books and magazines are made to talk). In: Aamulehti vom 13. Februar 1980.
  • Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 3. 1980-luvulla saadaan tietokoneet puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 3. In the 1980s, computers were made to talk). In: Aamulehti vom 14. Februar 1980.

Artikel im finnischen Mikroprozessormagazin Prosessori

  • Tampereelta maailman ensimmäinen puhuva pääte (The world's first talking terminal from Tampere). In: Prosessori-lehti (Finnish microprosessor magazine Prosessori) 5/1979, S. 25–27.
  • Puhuva kone tekee äänikirjoja (The talking machine makes audio books). In: Prosessori-lehti 6/1979, S. 32–38.
  • Puhuva kone vastaa puhelimeen (The talking machine answers the phone). In: Prosessori-lehti 8/1979.
  • Puhuva pääte kehittyy edelleen (The talking terminal is still evolving). In: Prosessori-lehti 2/1980.
  • Audiovisuaalinen sanojenkäsittelylaite – 1980-luvun mikroprosessoritekniikkaa (Audiovisual word processing device – 1980s microprocessor technology). In: Prosessori-lehti 3/1980.

Galerie

Siehe auch

Commons: Category:Finnish speech synthesizers – Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
Commons: Category:Finnish speech analyzers – Album mit Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien

Einzelnachweise

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Google Scholar: developed by Raimo Toivonen, (52 results).
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Google Scholar: Intelligent Speech Analyser, (95 results).
  3. ↑ a b Toivonen, Raimo: The first presentation of the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) took place in the Meeting of Finnish Phoneticians in University of Jyväskylä 16.–17.1.1987.
  4. ↑ a b c d finna.fi: Sokeain ohjelmoijain audiovisuaalinen tietokonepääte. (Ein audiovisuelles Computerterminal für blinde Programmierer).
  5. ↑ Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 1. Synteettinen puhe auttaa näkövammaista (The microprocessor came and stayed 1. Synthetic speech helps the visually impaired). Aamulehti February 12, 1980.
  6. ↑ Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 2. Kirjat ja lehdet saadaan puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 2. Books and magazines are made to talk). Aamulehti February 13, 1980.
  7. ↑ Toivonen, Raimo: Mikroprosessori tuli ja jäi 3. 1980-luvulla saadaan tietokoneet puhumaan (The microprocessor came and stayed 3. In the 1980s, computers were made to talk). Aamulehti February 14, 1980.
  8. ↑ finna.fi: Aistivammaisten kommunikaatiovälineiden kehittäminen : yhteenvetoraportti. (Entwicklung von Kommunikationsinstrumenten für sensorisch Behinderte : ein zusammenfassender Bericht).
  9. ↑ a b c d e f g h semanticscholar.org: sAids for the handicapped based on Synte 2 speech synthesizer. Matti Karjalainen, currently professor emeritus at Aalto University. Unto Laine, currently professor emeritus at Aalto University.
  10. ↑ a b c d Kuronen, Mikko: Vokaluttalets akustik i sverigesvenska, finlanssvenska och finska. (The acoustics of the vowel pronunciation in Swedish-Swedish, Finnish-Swedish and Finnish). University of Jyväskylä, 2000, Dissertation, contains 181 ISA analysis pictures. OCLC 477065490 Mikko Kuronen, currently senior lecturer at the University of Jyväskylä.
  11. ↑ a b c d Kuronen, Mikko: Vokaluttalets akustik i sverigesvenska, finlanssvenska och finska (The acoustics of the vowel pronunciation in Swedish-Swedish, Finnish-Swedish and Finnish). Licentiate work. University of Tampere, Department of Philology II, 162 pages, March 1997. Contains 88 ISA analysis pictures.
  12. ↑ a b c Kuronen, Mikko: Vokaluttalet i sverigesvenska och finlanssvenska (The vowel pronunciation in Swedish and Finnish Swedish). University of Helsinki, Department of Phonetics, 37 pages, December 1995. Contains many ISA analysis pictures.
  13. ↑ a b c d Kuronen, Mikko: Om morfologiskt komplexa ords prosodi i rikssvenska och finlands-svenska, en kontrastiv studie (On the prosody of morphologically complex words in Swedish and Finnish-Swedish, a contrastive study). Pro gradu – avhandling i nordisk filologi vid Tammerfors universitet, 100 pages, Oktober 1993. Contains many ISA analysis pictures.
  14. ↑ a b Riad, Tomas: The Phonology of Swedish. The Phonology of the World's Languages, Oxford University Press, January 2014, 356 pages. Textbook. Contains Bark scale formant chart pictures of the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) on pages 19, 20, 22, 40, 41. OCLC 940606268. Tomas Riad, professor of Nordic languages at the University of Stockholm, member of the Swedish Academy since 2011 (chair nr. 6).
  15. ↑ a b c d Master, Suely: Análise acústica e perceptivo-auditiva da voz de atores e não atores masculinos: long term average spectrum e o "formante do ator". 2005. 148 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) – Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Suely Master, currently professor at the State University of São Paulo.
  16. ↑ a b c d Master, Suely; De Biase, Noemi Grigoletto; Chiari, Brasília Maria; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria: Acoustics and Perceptual Analyses of Brazilian Male Actors' and Non actors' Voices Long-term Average Spectrum and the "Actor's Formant". Journal of Voice 2008;22:2:146–154.
  17. ↑ a b c Vilkman, Erkki: Studies on human voice production : anatomical, biomechanical, physiological and psychophysiological studies with special reference to fundamental frequency, Acta Universitatis Tamperensis ser A vol 232. 1987. Dissertation. OCLC 310764310. This work use the fundamental frequency analysis of human voice and the computer field of human voice developed by Toivonen since 1983. These DSP methods, developed by Toivonen are still used in the Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) since 1986. Erkki Vilkman, currently professor emeritus in phoniatrics. Vilkman's Best Poster Award 2018–.
  18. ↑ a b Kastinen, Arja: Erään 15-kielisen kanteleen akustisesta tutkimuksesta. (An acoustical investigation of the specific 15-string kantele). Sibelius-Akatemian kansanmusiikin osaston julkaisuja 5 (Publications of the Sibelius Academy's Department of Folk Music 5). 2000. Dissertation. OCLC 57219457. The work was supervised by Rauno Esa Nieminen, Doctor of Music. Intelligent Speech Analyser™ (ISA) developed by Toivonen was used in acoustical investigations of the specific 15-string kantele. Arja Kastinen.
  19. ↑ a b c d e Iivonen, Antti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer in der psychoakustischen analyse und representation der vokale und vokalsysteme. Computergestützte Sprachverarbeitung für Phonetik und Diagnostik, June 12–14 1989. (Gall, V., Hollmach, U. Hrsg.), Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Wissenschaftliche Beiträge 1990/36 (F98), s. 34–37. OCLC 924598345.
  20. ↑ a b c d Iivonen, Antti; Toivonen, Raimo: Simulation of the psycho-acoustical vowel space for linguistic applications. Eurospeech 1989, First European Conference on Speech Communication and Technology, 1989;2:2289–2292. Antti Iivonen, currently professor emeritus in phonetics at the University of Helsinki.
  21. ↑ a b Suomi, Kari: Johdatusta puheen akustiikkaan (Introduction to Speech Acoustics). Textbook. University of Oulu, 1990. OCLC 492194175. Kari Suomi, currently professor emeritus in phonetics at the University of Oulu.
  22. ↑ Toivanen, Juhani: Perspectives on Intonation: English, Finnish and English Spoken by Finns. Volumes 1 and 2. Oulu University Press. 1999. Frankfurt am Main : Lang, 2001. Dissertation. OCLC 231875648. Juhani Toivanen, currently a lecturer in languages at Diakonia University of Applied Sciences.
  23. ↑ a b Aulanko, Reijo: Puheen havaitsemisen psykofysiologisesta perustasta: formanttitransitioiden havaitseminen. (The psychophysiological basis of speech perception: the detection of formant transitions) University of Helsinki, Department of Phonetics. 1989. Licentiate work.
  24. ↑ a b Pruszewicz, Antoni; Sonninen, Aatto; Toivonen, Raimo; Hurme, Pertti: Komputerowe pole głosowe dla mowy w warunkach fizjologicznych i w niektorych stanach patologicznych (Computer-assisted examination of the vocal field during speech in physiological and various pathological conditions). Otolaryngol Pol, 1988;42:3:193–200. Antoni Pruszewicz, currently professor emeritus in phoniatrics at the University of Poznań. Aatto Sonninen, professor honoris causa of phoniatirics.
  25. ↑ a b Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Fields in the Study of Normal Phonation. Acta phoniatrica Latina, 10 (3):345–356, 1988.
  26. ↑ a b Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Pruszewicz, Antoni; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Field Descriptions of Speech Audiometry Word Lists In: Liber Amicorum: professor P. H. Damsté. On the Occasion of his Retirement by his Friends and Colleagues (L. van Gelder. C. Waar, H. van Wijngaarden, eds.), Utcecht 1987;45–48. P. H. Damsté.
  27. ↑ a b Sonninen, Aatto; Vilkman, Erkki; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Fields in Basic Phonation Research: Rotation vs. Gliding in Cricothyroid Articulation. In Scandinavian Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics, 12(1):20–28, 1987.
  28. ↑ a b Jaroma, Marjatta; Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo: Computer Voice Field Observations of Menopausal Dysphonia. Paper presented at the 13th Congress of the European Union of Phoniatricians. Vienna 1986;34–35.
  29. ↑ a b Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo; Vilkman, Erkki: Computer Voice Fields of Connected Speech, Symposium on Voice Disorders, Sweden, August 23, 1985.
  30. ↑ a b Sonninen, Aatto; Hurme, Pertti; Toivonen, Raimo; Vilkman, Erkki: Computer Voice Fields of Connected Speech, Papers in Speech Research, University of Jyväskylä, 6, 1985;93–111. Pertti Hurme, currently professor emeritus at the University of Jyväskylä.
  31. ↑ a b c Leino, Timo: Long-Term Average Spectrum in Screening of Voice Quality in Speech: Untrained Male University Students. Journal of Voice, 2009;23:6:671–676. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2008.03.008.
  32. ↑ a b c Leino, Timo; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Radolf, Vojtěch: Formation of the Actor's/Speaker's Formant: A Study Applying Spectrum Analysis and Computer Modeling. Journal of Voice, 2011;25:2:150–158. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.10.002.
  33. ↑ a b c d Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Leino, Timo: Ihmeellinen ihmisääni: äänenkäytön ja puhetekniikan perusteet, arviointi, mittaaminen ja kehittäminen (The Wonderful Human Voice: Fundamentals of Sound Use and Speech Technique, Evaluation, Measurement and Development). Textbook. Helsinki:Gaudeamus, 1999. OCLC 462783918. Anne-Maria Laukkanen, currently professor in vocology at the University of Tampere. Timo Leino was a lecturer at the University of Tampere.
  34. ↑ Sovijärvi, Antti; Aulanko, Reijo: Synthesis of Certain Speech Sounds and Sentence Intonation of Hungarian, Finnish, and Finland-Swedish. Societes Scientiarum Fennica, The finnish Society of Sciences and Letters, Commentations humanarum Litterarum, Vol. 101. 1994. OCLC 468825518. Antti Sovijärvi, professor emeritus.
  35. ↑ Leinonen, Kari: Finlandssvenskt sje-, tje- och s-ljud i kontrastiv belysning (Finnish-Swedish sje, tje- and s-sound in contrastive examination). Jyväskylä Studies In Humanitas 17, University of Jyväskylä, 2004. Dissertation.
  36. ↑ Hari, Riitta; Hämäläinen, Matti; Kaukoranta, Elina; Mäkelä, Jyrki; Joutsiniemi, Sirkka-Liisa; Tiihonen, Jari: Selective listening modifies activity of the human auditory cortex. Experimental Brain Research. February 1989;74:3:463–470. Springer-Verlag. Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology. doi:10.1007/BF00247348. Jari Tiihonen, currently professor. Jyrki Mäkelä.
  37. ↑ Sams, Mikko; Aulanko, Reijo; Aaltonen, Olli; Näätänen, Risto: Event-related potentials to infrequent changes in synthesized phonetic stimuli. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1990;2:4:344–357. doi:10.1162/jocn.1990.2.4.344. Olli Aaltonen, currently professor emeritus in phonetics at Aalto University.
  38. ↑ Kaukoranta, Elina; Hari, Riitta; Lounasmaa, Olli: Responses of the human auditory cortex to vowel onset after fricative consonants. Experimental Brain Research. 1987;69:1:19–23. Springer-Verlag. Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology. doi:10.1007/BF00247025.
  39. ↑ Aulanko, Reijo; Hari, Riitta; Lounasmaa, Olli; Näätänen, Risto; Sams, Mikko: Phonetic invariance in the human auditory cortex. Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropsychology. Neuroreport, 1993;4:12:1356–1358. Low Temperature Laboratory, Helsinki University of Technology. doi:10.1097/00001756-199309150-00018. Akademiemitglied Riitta Hari, currently professor emerita at Aalto University. Akademiemitglied Olli Lounasmaa, currently professor emeritus at Helsinki University of Technology. Risto Näätänen, currently professor at the University of Tartu. Mikko Sams, currently professor at Aalto University.
  40. ↑ Laukkanen, Anne-Maria: On speaking voice exercises – a study on the acoustic and physiological effects of speaking voice exercises applying manipulation of the acoustic-aerodynamic state of the supraglottic space and artificially modified auditory feedback. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis ser A vol. 445. University of Tampere, 1995, Dissertation. OCLC 472961368.
  41. ↑ Laukkanen, Anne-Maria: Emotionaaliseen painotukseen liittyvistä akustisista ja aerodynaamisista muuttujista, käänteissuodatusmenetelmää soveltava tutkimus (Study of acoustic and aerodynamic variables related to emotional weighting, applying the reverse filtering method). Department of Phonetics, University of Helsinki, 1992, Licentiate work.
  42. ↑ Laukkanen Anne-Maria: About the so called "resonance tubes" used in Finnish of this voice trainig practice. An electroglottographic and acoustic investication on the effects method on the voice quality of subjects with normal voice. Scandinavian Journal of Logopedics and Phoniatrics 1992;17:151–161. doi:10.3109/14015439209098733.
  43. ↑ Leino, Timo; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Ilomäki, Irma; Mäki, Elinita: Assessment of Vocal Capacity of Finnish University Students. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 2008;60:199–209. doi:10.1159/000133651.
  44. ↑ Lehessaari, Anna-Liisa: Alkoholin vaikutus puheen prosodiikkaan (The Effects of Alcohol in Speech Prosody). University of Helsinki. 1996. Dissertation. OCLC 258287666. The first dissertation in phonetics at the University of Helsinki.
  45. ↑ Lehessaari, Anna-Liisa; Toivonen, Raimo: Panorama – Prospect – Profile: On the Computer-Aided Description of Prosodic Quality of Speech. Proceedings of the Finnic Phonetics Symposium, August 11–14 1998. Pärnu. Linguistica Uralica, 34 (3), 325–328.
  46. ↑ Valo, Maarit: Radiopuhe: kuuntelijoiden arviointia radiopuhujista ja heidän äänestään (Radio Speech: Listeners' evaluation of speakers on the radio and their voice.). University of Jyväskylä. 1988. Licentiate work. Maarit Valo, currently professor emerita at the University of Jyväskylä.
  47. ↑ Tahvonen, Hanna: Hyvä radioääni ja -puhe. Uutisluennan akustinen ja perkeptuaalinen analyysi. (Good radio voice and radio speech. Acoustic and perceptual analysis of news reading). University of Tampere, 2010. Master's thesis.
  48. ↑ Rantala, Leena: Naisopettajien äänenkäyttö ja äänen kuormittuminen. (Female teachers’ voice use and voice workload). Acta Universitatis Ouluensis, B Humaniora 37, University of Oulu, 2000. Dissertation. OCLC 58318328. The first Finnish dissertation on teachers' voice workload. Leena Rantala, currently university lecturer at the University of Tampere.
  49. ↑ Rantala, Leena; Vilkman, Erkki: Relationship between subjective voice complaints and acoustic parameters in teachers' voice. Journal of Voice, 1999;13:484–495. doi:10.1016/S0892-1997(99)80004-6.
  50. ↑ Jónsdóttir, Valdís Ingibjorg: The Voice An Occupational Tool. Study of Theacher's Classroom Speech and the Effects of Amplification. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 969, University of Tampere, 2003. Dissertation. OCLC 938971815. Valdís Ingibjorg Jónsdóttir.
  51. ↑ Ilomäki, Irma: Opettajien ääneen liittyvä työhyvinvointi ja äänikoulutuksen vaikutukset (Teachers' voice-related well-being at work and the effects of voice training). Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1373. University of Tampere, 2008. Dissertation. OCLC 424172054. Irma Ilomäki.
  52. ↑ Vilkman, Erkki: Occupational safety and health aspects of voice and speech professions. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 2004;56:220–253. doi:10.1159/000078344.
  53. ↑ Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Ilomäki, Irma; Leppänen, Kirsti; Vilkman, Erkki: Acoustic measures and self-reports of vocal fatigue by female teachers. Journal of Voice, 2008;22:3:283–289. doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.10.001.
  54. ↑ Kankare, Elina: Elektroglottografia (EGG) äänen laadun tutkimuksessa funktionaalisesti terveäänisillä puhujilla. Vertaileva tutkimus EGGn sekä akustisen, perkeptuaalisen ja laryngoskopiatutkimuksen välillä lastentarhanopettajilla. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1937. University of Tampere, 2014. Dissertation. ISBN 978-951-44-9457-4.
  55. ↑ Waaramaa-Mäki-Kulmala, Teija: Emotions in voice. Acoustic and perceptual analysis of voice quality in the vocal expression of emotions. Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 1399. University of Tampere, 2009. Dissertation. OCLC 751506485. Teija Waaramaa-Mäki-Kulmala.
  56. ↑ Waaramaa, Teija; Laukkanen, Anne-Maria; Airas, Matti; Alku, Paavo: Perception of Emotional Valences and Activity Levels from Vowel Segments of Continuous Speech. Journal of Voice, 2010;24:1:30–38. OCLC 501358119. Paavo Alku, currently professor in voice communication technology at Aalto University.
  57. ↑ Löppönen, Heikki: High-frequency electric bone-conduction audiometry, Psychoacoustic and accelometric studies. Acta universitatis Ouluensis series D Medica 228. 1991. Dissertation. Heikki Löppönen, currently professor in audiology at the University of Eastern Finland. OCLC 26766965.
  58. ↑ Löppönen, Heikki; Laitakari, Kyösti; Sorri, Martti: High-frequency Audiometry: Accelometric Findings with Electric Bone-conduction Audiometry. Scand Audiol 1991;20:61–67. doi:10.3109/01050399109070792. Martti Sorri, currently professor emeritus at the University of Oulu. Kyösti Laitakari.
  59. ↑ a b c d e Google Scholar: Synte 2 speech synthesizer, (27 results).
  60. ↑ ts.fi: The Invention Exhibition at the Museum Center Vapriikki in Tampere, June 20, 2012–.
  61. ↑ finna.fi: Puheen kuulemisen mallintaminen. (Auditive Modellierung der Sprachwahrnehmung).
Personendaten
NAME Toivonen, Raimo Olavi
ALTERNATIVNAMEN Toivonen, Raimo
KURZBESCHREIBUNG finnischer Entwickler von Sprachanalyse, Sprachsynthese, Sprachtechnologie, Psychoakustik and digitale Signalverarbeitung
GEBURTSDATUM 1953
GEBURTSORT Kankaanpää, Finnland
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