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Atari, Inc. (2003)

US-amerikanischer Publisher für Computerspiele
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Vorlage:Infobox Company GT Interactive Software Corporation (Good Times[1] or GTI[1]) was an American video game publisher and distributor, which later developed both video games and PC games.

GT Interactive ceased to exist in December 1999 when Infogrames Entertainment SA (IESA) took a controlling stake and renamed the company Infogrames, Inc.[2] In 2003, Infogrames Inc. changed its name to Atari Inc.[3]

History

1993 – GT Interactive is founded

GT Interactive was founded in 1993 as a division of Good Times Home Video, a video-tape distributor owned by the Cayre family. In that same year, Doom was released, eventually selling 2.9 million copies, through its various publishers, including GT Interactive.[4] In its first year, revenue reached $10.3 million.[5]

1994 – 880% revenue growth

GT Interactive revenue soared 880% and reached $101 million on its second year of existence and profits reached $18 million.[6] GT Interactive's partnership with id Software scored another hit with Doom II: Hell on Earth, which was released in October and sold over 2 million copies.

1995 – GT Interactive's IPO

In February, GTIS obtained the publishing rights to games based on Mercer Mayer property, which included Little Critter and Little Monster.[7] GT Interactive began to set up displays at K-Mart and Wal-Mart for low cost software.[8]

GTIS signed an exclusive software supplier agreement with Wal Mart,[9] that meant according to UBS Securities analyst Michael Wallace: "All software developers have to deal with GT if they want to sell in a Wal-Mart."[5]

In December, GT Interactive debuted on Nasdaq, its IPO raised $140 million and was one the biggest IPOs of the year only losing to the IPO of Netscape.[10][11] GT Interactive Software Corporation was listed on Nasdaq as GTIS.[12]

GT Interactive offered 10 million shares to the public at $14 each.[11] During GT Interactive's IPO, Appellee Cayre sold more than 1.4 million shares, 9.2% of his shares, for a $20 million return.[11]

GTIS reported a strong revenue growth of 134% in the year to $234.4 million, but in the first sign of trouble ahead profits increase a meager 23% to $22.6 million.[13]

1996 – Humongous Entertainment is acquired

In January, GT Interactive obtained the publish rights for the highly anticipated Quake from id Software.[14] In February, GTIS and Target signed an agreement in which GT Interactive became the primary consumer software supplier to all Target's 675 stores.[15]

In June 1996 GTIS acquired WizardWorks, which developed Deer Hunter, for 2.4 million shares and FormGen, which had the publishing rights of Duke Nukem, for 1 million shares[12] or $17 million.[16]

Quake was also released in June by GT Interactive for PC game. Quake sold 1.8 mvillion copies and became a classic PC game.[17]

In July, the game developer Humongous Entertainment was bought by GT Interactive for 3.5 million shares or $76 million.[18] In 1995, Humongous Entertainment's revenue had risen to $10 million an increase of 233% over 1994's revenue of $3 million.[18] The deal gave GT Interactive rights to successful children's software titles such as Putt-Putt and Freddie the Fish.

In November, GTIS acquired Warner Interactive Europe for $6.3 million in cash, with this acquisition GTIS gained access to software markets in Western Europe.[12]

In a further sign of uncertainty about GT's future, GTIS, for the year, reported a net income increase of only 11% over the previous year to $25.1 million. Revenue growth also decelerated to 56%, revenue for the year was $365 million. Making matters worse, net income in the fourth quarter reduced 16.8% to $8.5 million when compared to 1995's fourth quarter.[13]

1997 – $530 million in revenues but $25 million net loss

In January, GT bought One Stop, a European value software publisher, for $800,000 in cash.[12]

In June, GTIS signed a deal with MTV, the deal gave GTIS the rights to publish games based on Beavis and Butt-head and Aeon Flux.[19]

On October, GTIS bought game developer SingleTrac for $14.7 million, $5.4 million in cash and $9.3 million in stock. SingleTrac owned and developed such games as Twisted Metal and Jet Moto.[20] In September game developer Cavedog Entertainment made its first release, Total Annihilation,[21] which sold more than 1 million copies.[13] Cavedog Entertainment was a divisision of Humongous Entertainment.[22]

On October 5, 1997, GTIS announced that it had signed a definitive agreement to acquire MicroProse for $250 million in stock, the deal had even been unanimously approved by the Board of Directors of both companies. The deal was expected to be completed by the end of that year.[23][24]

But on December 5 the acquisition was cancelled, according to both CEOs "the time is simply not right" for the deal. MicroProse's stock plummeted after the announcement of the deal's cancellation.[25][26]

GTIS's result was negatively affected because GTIS stopped being the exclusive computer software distributor to Wal Mart in March, Wal Mart decided to buy its software directly from the publishers.[27]

In 1997 GT Interactive's share of the Entertainment software market reached a historical low of 6.4% down from the record highs of 9% and 10% years earlier. GT Interactive was leader only on the arcade/action category, with a 20.3% market share. Making matters worse, GT Interactive also had a high debt/equity ratio of 41%, Electronic Arts had a debt/equity ratio of just 8%. For 1997 GTIS's return on equity was a dismal -16.14%.[28] For the year, GTIS 's revenue growth continued to decelerate, increased only 45% to $530 million.[29] GT Interactive posted its first net loss, during 1997 GTIS lost $25 million.[13]

1998 – Revenue growth falls to 10%

In May, Epic Games's Unreal was published by GT Interactive, in the first 10 months over 800,000 copies were sold. Coincidentally Deer Hunter II, which was released in October also sold 800,000 copies.[13]

In November, GTIS bought for $17.2 million in stock One Zero Media, becoming the first game publisher to own an entertainment Internet website.[20]

Legend Entertainment was acquired for around $2 million,[20] while Reflections Interactive was acquired for 2.3 million shares or $13.5 million.[20] Both companies were bought in December of 1998.[30]

In the fourth quarter of 1998 GT Interactive posted a net income of $16.7 million on revenues of $246.3 million.[31] For the year, GT Interactive reported revenues were almost flat rising 10% to $584 million but GT Interactive swung into black by posting a $20.3 million net income.[31][13] Results with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 1998.

1999 – Infogrames buys GT Interactive

The year of 1999 brought bad news for GT Interactive's shareholders, it posted first quarter losses of $90 million due to restructuring costs.[13] In February, in light of the bad results CEO Ron Chaimowitz was replaced.[29]

Games sales in 1999 fell in comparison to 1998, this fact had dire consequences on GTIS's finances. In April, GTIS predicted for 2000 a first quarter loss of $55 million on revenues of around just $95 million. A failure to release 5 major games and a planned relocation to Los Angeles added to the losses.[32] In June, GTIS announced it had hired Bear Stearns to look into the possibility of either a merger or a sale of the company and in October GT Interactive fired 35% of its workforce or 650 employees mostly from its distribution section.[33]

In June Reflection's Driver was released it sold approximately 1 million copies.[13] In July One Zero Media was sold for $5.2 million in cash, just six months after it was purchased.[20]

On November 16, Infogrames announced that it would buy 70% of GT Interactive for $135 million and assume $75 million in bank debt. By June 2000, Infogrames had invested $30 million in GT.[33]

Ten days later GT Interactive made one of its last releases, the classic Unreal Tournament which went on to sell more than 1 million copies.[34]

IESA's acquisition came just in time because GT Interactive's 1999 result were dismal. Revenues fell 30% to $408 million in 1999 and GT Interactive posted a net loss of $254 million for 1999.[31][35] Results with the fiscal year ending on December 31, 1999.

On December 16, the deal was consummated and GT Interactive was no more, it became Infogrames, Inc., a subsidiary of IESA.[13]

GT Interactive became Infogrames, Inc., then Atari, Inc in 2003.[36] And IESA has since retired the GT Interactive brand.

Games published

Game Boy

Game Boy Color

Macintosh

Nintendo 64

PC

PlayStation

Sega Saturn

Games developed

Macintosh

PC

PlayStation

References

Vorlage:Reflist

de:Atari SA#GT Interactive

  1. ↑ a b Kushner, D. (2003). Masters of Doom: How Two Guys Created an Empire and Transformed Pop Culture. Random House. ISBN 0-375-50524-5
  2. ↑ Infogrames Entertainment Corporate Profile and Annual Report. (PDF) Infogrames Entertainment SA, S. 7, abgerufen am 6. November 2007.
  3. ↑ Atari Inc.: 10-KT · For 3/31/03, Overview Subsection. Atari Inc., 31. März 2003, abgerufen am 6. November 2007.
  4. ↑ Now What Was That GT and [[Hasbro]] Were Saying About American Game Purchasers Being a Group of 17-28 Year Olds Only Interested in Bloody Games? In: Just Adventure. Archiviert vom Original am 6. Dezember 2010; abgerufen am 5. Februar 2012.
  5. ↑ a b 09/02/96 LOTS OF "DOOM" BUT NO GLOOM
  6. ↑ SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99, On 6/29/99 - Table in Document 1 of 9 - 10-K - Gt Interactive Software Corp
  7. ↑ GT INTERACTIVE REPORTS RECORD SECOND QUARTER REVENUES; Publishing Business Increases Nearly 300 Percent. - Free Online Library
  8. ↑ SEC Info - Atari Inc - POS AM - On 5/1/97
  9. ↑ Software tops retailers' sales growth list for '94/'96 - Hot Growth Categories In: Discount Store News 
  10. ↑ GT Interactive Co-founder Named CEO of The Auction Channel — Ron Chaimowitz to Lead U.S. Launch and Global Roll-out of The Auction Channel Programming In: Business Wire, October 27, 1999 
  11. ↑ a b c FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
  12. ↑ a b c d SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 6/30/97
  13. ↑ a b c d e f g h i SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99
  14. ↑ GT Interactive Software signs id Software's highly anticipated 'QUAKE'; GT to Publish 'Quake' for all gaming hardware systems In: Business Wire, January 11, 1996 
  15. ↑ GT Interactive and Target Stores enter distribution agreement; GT Interactive to Become Primary Software Vendor to More Than 600 Target Stores Nationwide. - Free Online Library
  16. ↑ Game Matters: Royal tease
  17. ↑ Now What Was That GT and Hasbro Were Saying
  18. ↑ a b M. Sharon Baker: Humongous lives up to name with $76 million sale, July 14, 1996 
  19. ↑ GT Interactive and MTV: Music Television announce global multi-title publishing agreement In: Business Wire, June 18, 1997 
  20. ↑ a b c d e Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 12/31/99
  21. ↑ cavedog - GameSpot
  22. ↑ MobyGames - Cavedog Entertainment
  23. ↑ GT Interactive to Expand as World's Fastest Growing Interactive Entertainment Company Through Acquisition of MicroProse In: Business Wire, October 5, 1997 
  24. ↑ $250 Million Stock Deal for Microprose In: The New York Times, October 6, 1997. Abgerufen im May 4, 2010 
  25. ↑ [at /www.cbronline.com/article_cg.asp?guid=99237717-6B91-4283-9EC4-3338CE1B46B0 MICROPROSE AND GT INTERACTIVE CALL OFF MERGER - Computer Business Review]
  26. ↑ Company News; Microprose And Gt Interactive End Merger Talks In: The New York Times, December 6, 1997. Abgerufen im May 4, 2010 
  27. ↑ ?  Vorlage:Toter Link/!...nourl (Seite nicht mehr abrufbar, festgestellt im August 2010.)
  28. ↑ ElecArts.PDF
  29. ↑ a b Gt Interactive Hires Disney Honcho, Raises Cash
  30. ↑ Amazon.com: Game Design, Second Edition: Books: Bob Bates
  31. ↑ a b c SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-Q - For 12/31/99, As Of 2/14/00 - Table in Document 1 of 2 - 10-Q - Gt Interactive Software Corp
  32. ↑ GT Interactive Predicts Q4 Loss, Cuts 650 Jobs In: Computergram International 
  33. ↑ a b Infogrames Gets Control of GT Interactive In: The New York Times, November 16, 1999. Abgerufen im May 4, 2010 
  34. ↑ Infogrames Unleashes Unreal Tournament: Game Of The Year Edition To The Mass Market This Fall In: Market Wire 
  35. ↑ SEC Info - Atari Inc - 10-K - For 3/31/99, On 6/29/99 - Table in Document 1 of 9 - 10-K - Gt Interactive Software Corp
  36. ↑ Microsoft Word - couverture_GB.doc
  37. ↑ Nintendo Power, Volume 86, page 15
  38. ↑ http://ign64.ign.com/objects/001/001975.html
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