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CrossFit

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CrossFit Trainer Certification, 2007

CrossFit is a strength and conditioning fitness methodology that promotes broad and general overall physical fitness. CrossFit combines weightlifting, sprinting, and gymnastics.[1] CrossFit says that proficiency is required in each of ten fitness domains: cardiovascular/respiratory endurance, stamina, strength, flexibility, power, speed, agility, balance, coordination, and accuracy. It defines fitness as increased work capacity across all these domains and says its program achieves this by provoking neurologic and hormonal adaptations across all metabolic pathways.[2][3][4] [5]

CrossFit athletes run, row, jump rope, climb rope and carry odd objects. They frequently move large loads quickly over long distances, using powerlifting and Olympic weightlifting techniques. CrossFit athletes also use dumbbells, gymnastics rings, pull-up bars, kettlebells, and many bodyweight exercises.[6] CrossFit is used in nearly 1,700 gyms worldwide and by many fire departments, law enforcement agencies and military organizations including the Canadian Forces, and the Royal Danish Life Guards.[7][8][9] [10][11][12][13][14]

Description

CrossFit has been "variously portrayed as a fitness company, a grassroots health movement, a nascent sport, a fad, a publishing business and sometimes, disparagingly, a cult."[15][16] Classes at affiliated gyms typically include a warm-up, a skill development segment, and a high-intensity workout that lasts around ten to twenty minutes. Affiliates create a new workout each day called the "Workout of the Day" or "WOD".[17] Affiliates often use scoring and ranking systems to transform workouts into sport. Some CrossFit athletes use the free workouts and instructional videos available at the CrossFit, Inc. website, in lieu of attending an affiliate.[18]

CrossFit Inc. certifies CrossFit trainers and licenses the CrossFit name to gyms. Affiliates are free to develop their own programming, pricing, and instructional methods. Many CrossFit athletes and trainers see themselves as part of a contrarian, insurgent movement that questions conventional fitness wisdom.[18][19] CrossFit is noteworthy for its use of a virtual community Internet model.[20][21] The company says this de-centralized approach shares some common features with open source software projects and allows best practices to emerge from a variety of approaches,[22] a contention that is disputed by some subject matter experts and affiliates who have parted company with CrossFit.[23] CrossFit adaptations include programs for children, pregnant women, seniors, football players, military special forces candidates, and endurance athletes including triathletes, runners, swimmers and rowers.[6] CrossFit has been adopted by U.S. and Canadian high school physical education teachers, high school and college teams, and a major league baseball team.[24][25][26][27]

CrossFit Games

Athletes from around the world have competed in the annual "CrossFit Games" in Aromas, California since 2007. In July, 2010, the male and female champions will each win $25,000.[28] Preliminary sectional and regional events are being held, including a sectional competition at the Arnold Classic that was introduced by California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger. CrossFit says the Games are a laboratory for human performance that may suggest which variants of its methodology work best.[29]

History

CrossFit was founded by former gymnast Greg Glassman and Lauren Glassman.[27][30] The first CrossFit affiliated gym opened in Santa Cruz in 1995, the same year Glassman was hired to train the Santa Cruz police department. In a seven week test conducted in 2005 at the Canadian Infantry School in Gagetown, New Brunswick, CrossFit scored higher in every fitness category when compared to the previous physical training program.[31][32] The number of affiliated gyms grew from 18 in 2005 to almost 1,700 in 2010.[5][29] Weightlifting coaches associated with CrossFit include Louie Simmons, Bill Starr, and Mike Burgener. Former NFL player John Welbourn developed the CrossFit Football program. Other CrossFit subject matter experts include Dr. Nicholas Romanov, inventor of the Pose Method of running and Dr. Barry Sears, originator of the Zone diet. CrossFit offers speciality certification seminars in gymnastics, Olympic weighlifting, powerlifting, running and endurance, kettlebells, mobility and recovery, CrossFit Kids and CrossFit Football.[33]

Health risks

Vorlage:Unbalanced section Critics say several health risks have been associated with CrossFit. For example, a United States Navy sailor who suffered injuries while performing a CrossFit workout claimed that CrossFit poses an elevated risk of rhabdomyolysis.[34] According to Dr. Stuart McGill, a professor of spine biomechanics at the University of Waterloo, the risk of injury from some CrossFit exercises outweighs their benefits when they are performed with poor form in timed workouts. He added there are similar risks in other exercise programs and noted that CrossFit's online community enables athletes to follow the program without proper guidance.[35] Other critics fault CrossFit for lack of periodization, illogical or random exercise sequences, and lax accreditation standards for trainers and affiliates.[23] CrossFit vigorously disputes the criticism of its exercise methodology and says it is in the process of being accredited by a neutral third party: the American National Standards Institute.Vorlage:Citation needed Crossfit level one trainers are certified through ANSI.Vorlage:Citation needed Further accreditation is being pursued for level 2 and other specialty seminars.Vorlage:Citation needed

Health benefits

Vorlage:Unbalanced section Dr. Tony Webster of the Pacific Institute for Sports Medicine at Camosun College in Victoria British Columbia suggests CrossFit be used "safely and sensibly" and finds some support for the program in current academic research.[36]Vorlage:Failed verification

The editors of PureHealthMD writing for Discovery Health Channel found CrossFit "equals better fitness and stronger muscles in a more reasonable amount of time" compared to trying to "build muscle and get in shape by spending 60 minutes or more in the gym several days a week..." Their conclusion was that the program "is a different type of exercise routine ...a well-rounded and very efficient way to achieve a higher level of fitness ...that does not need a whole lot of fancy equipment, but does offer a nice variety to keep the interest level up and provide the challenge needed to keep the exercise fun."[37]

References

Vorlage:Reflist

  1. ↑ Jill Barker: Crossfit is fast and furious, Montreal Gazette, 14. Februar 2006. Abgerufen am 21. November 2007 
  2. ↑ Greg Glassman: CrossFit’s New Three-Dimensional Definition of Fitness and Health - 1. CrossFit, Februar 2009;.
  3. ↑ A Concept for Functional Fitness. United States Marine Corps, 9. November 2006, S. 8, footnote 13;.
  4. ↑ Army Fitness Manual Supplement: Combat Fitness Program. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 1. Januar 2008, S. i, page 1-1;.
  5. ↑ a b James Wagner: Fitness as a Full-Time Pursuit, Wall Street Journal, February 2, 2010 
  6. ↑ a b Paul Scott: A no-nonsense look at the often nonsensical world of fitness clubs In: Best Life, October 23, 2007 
  7. ↑ Roy M. Wallack: Run For Life: The Anti-Aging, Anti-Injury, Super Fitness Plan. Skyhorse Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-1-60239-344-8, S. 65.
  8. ↑ Michael Hoffman: More want combat element in fitness test. AirForce Times, 7. März 2010;.
  9. ↑ 2Lt Andrew Hennessey: A new approach to physical training. LFWA-JTFW, Canadian Forces, National Defense (Canada), 9. Juni 2009;.
  10. ↑ Grant Martin: Do you Worship at the "Church" of Crossfit? Kansas City Star Midwest Voices, 2009;.
  11. ↑ Josh LeCappelain: CrossFit conquers physical complacency. Task Force Mountain, 26. Januar 2009;.
  12. ↑ Jennifer H. Svan: CrossFit Workouts are Rarely Routine. Military Advantage, 13. Januar 2009;.
  13. ↑ Welcome to The Royal Life Guards Sports Association. Royal Danish Life Guards Sports Association;
  14. ↑ Bryan Mitchell: CrossFit workout craze sweeps the Corps. Marine Corps Times, 25. Juni 2008;.
  15. ↑ Marty Cej: The Business of CrossFit. CrossFit, Oktober 2009;.
  16. ↑ Scott: A Day At The CrossFit Games. Fight Gone Bad, 13. Juli 2009;.
  17. ↑ Sally Wadyka: CrossFit: The Fast, Furious Workout Craze. MSN Health and Fitness;
  18. ↑ a b Working Out (CrossFit) (Video), Business News Network, November 2, 2007  Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag. Der Name „[BNN“ wurde mehrere Male mit einem unterschiedlichen Inhalt definiert.
  19. ↑ Scott: A Day At The CrossFit Games. Fight Gone Bad, 13. Juli 2009;.
  20. ↑ Bob Walsh: How People Blogging Are Changing The World and How You Can Join Them. Apress, 2007, ISBN 978-1-59059-691-3.
  21. ↑ Seth Godin: Tribes. Piatkus Books, 2009, ISBN 0-7499-3975-3, S. 160.
  22. ↑ Eric Velazquez: Sweatstorm. Muscle & Fitness, Mai 2008;.
  23. ↑ a b Chris Shugart: The Truth About CrossFit. Testosterone Muscle, 4. November 2008;. Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag. Der Name „Shugart_20081104“ wurde mehrere Male mit einem unterschiedlichen Inhalt definiert.
  24. ↑ Juan C. Rodriguez: Florida Marlins: Cameron Maybin’s improved swing/miss numbers encouraging. South Florida Sun Sentinel, 2. März 2010;.
  25. ↑ I.A. Stewart: UCSC Notebook: Men's rugby getting fit for the season (Memento des Originals vom 23. Dezember 2007) In: Santa Cruz Sentinel, December 14, 2007 
  26. ↑ Al King: Ashland’s Tinney tops the D-II nation field in 400. Norwalk Reflector, 10. Februar 2010;.
  27. ↑ a b Rebekah Sanderlin: Commando-create workout has cult following, Fayetteville Observer 
  28. ↑ Doing the grunt work. Los Angeles Daily News, 14. März 2010;.
  29. ↑ a b Mark C. Anderson: Fit for Change. Monterey County Weekly, 21. Januar 2010;. Referenzfehler: Ungültiges <ref>-Tag. Der Name „Anderson_20100121“ wurde mehrere Male mit einem unterschiedlichen Inhalt definiert.
  30. ↑ Stephanie Cooperman: Getting Fit, Even if it Kills You, New York Times, December 22, 2005 
  31. ↑ Roy M. Wallack: Run For Life: The Anti-Aging, Anti-Injury, Super Fitness Plan. Skyhorse Publishing, 2009, ISBN 978-1-60239-344-8, S. 68.
  32. ↑ Army Fitness Manual Supplement: Combat Fitness Program. Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 1. Januar 2008, S. ii, footnote 1;.
  33. ↑ Certifications. CrossFit;
  34. ↑ Bryan Mitchell: Lawsuit alleges CrossFit workout damaging In: Marine Corps Times, August 16, 2006. Abgerufen am 16. August 2008 
  35. ↑ Rebecca Dube: No puke, no pain - no gain. In: Globe and Mail. 11. Januar 2008;.
  36. ↑ Tony Webster: How We Got here: Crossfit vs the Fitness Industry. CrossFit, August 2009;.
  37. ↑ the editors of PureHealthMD: CrossFit. Discovery Health Channel, Juni 2010;.
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