鬼伞科
鬼伞科
| |
|---|---|
| |
| Parasola sp. | |
科学分类 
| |
| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 门： | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
| 纲： | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
| 目： | 伞菌目 Agaricales |
| 科： | 鬼伞科 Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Redhead (2001) |
| 模式属 | |
| Psathyrella | |
| 属 | |
鬼伞科（学名：Psathyrellaceae），又名小脆柄菇科[1]，是担子菌门伞菌目物種的科，特色是質地比較軟脆，而孢子顏色比較深（黑色、深棕色，但也有罕見的紅色，甚或粉色系的孢子）。菌頭一般呈黑色或深褐色，菌體在幼年時呈白色，可食用；成熟後菌體顏色轉深時，便不可以食用。近半數本科物種的孢子在成熟後，會發生自我消化（autodigestion，即自溶）現像：這些物種會釋放出黑色的液體，這些液體曾一度被用作墨汁的代替品。[2]。 Prior to phylogenetic research based upon 脱氧核糖核酸 comparisons, most of the species that autodigested were classified as Coprinaceae, which contained all of the inky-cap mushrooms. However, the 模式種 of Coprinus, 鸡腿菇, and a few other species, were found to be more closely related to 蘑菇科. The former genus Coprinus was split between two families, and the name "Coprinaceae" became a synonym of Agaricaceae in its 21st-century phylogenetic redefinition. Note that in the 19th and early 20th centuries the family name Agaricaceae had far broader application, while in the late 20th century it had a narrower application. The family name Psathyrellaceae[3] is based on the former Coprinaceae subfamily name Psathyrelloideae. The type genus Psathyrella consists of species that produce fruiting bodies which do not liquify via autodigestion. Psathyrella remained a polyphyletic genus until it was split into several genera including 3 new ones in 2015.[4] Lacrymaria is another genus that does not autodigest its fruiting bodies. It is characterized by rough basidiospores and lamellar edges that exude beads of clear liquid when in prime condition, hence the Latin reference, lacryma (tears).
分類
- 鬼傘屬 Coprinellus
- Coprinopsis
- Cystoagaricus
- Gasteroagaricoides
- Homophron
- Hormographiella
- Kauffmania
- Lacrymaria (fungus)
- Macrometrula
- †Palaeocybe
- Parasola
- 小脆柄菇屬 Psathyrella：唯一有水下物種的屬[5]
- Typhrasa
參看
參考文獻
- ^ Psathyrellaceae.
- ^ Hall, Ian; et al (August 1, 2003). Edible and Poisonous Mushrooms of the World. Timber Press. ISBN 978-0-88192-586-9. p. 198.
- ^ Redhead SA, Vilgalys R, Moncalvo J-M,Johnson J & Hopple, JS Jr. Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon 50(1): 203-241. 2001
- ^ Örstadius L., Ryberg M, Larsson E. Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) with a focus on psathyrelloid species: introduction of three new genera and 18 new species. Mycol. Progr. 14:25: 1-41. 2015
- ^ Kirk, Paul M.; Decock, Wim. Psathyrellaceae Locq., 1972. WoRMS. 2016-12-02 [2019-04-03] –通过WoRMS.
外部連結
維基物種上的相關信息：鬼伞科- "The Genus Coprinus: The Inky Caps" by Michael Kuo, MushroomExpert.com, February, 2005.
- All about Inkcaps: Coprinus site of Kees Uljé – taxonomy and keys to coprinoid fungi.
- Fungus of the Month for May 2004: Coprinus comatus, the shaggy mane by Tom Volk, TomVolkFungi.net. – Includes information on how the genus Coprinus was recently segregated.
- Psathyrella Genus, Illinois Mycological Association (online).