鬼伞科
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鬼伞科
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|---|---|
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| Parasola sp. | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 真菌界 Fungi |
| 门： | 担子菌门 Basidiomycota |
| 纲： | 傘菌綱 Agaricomycetes |
| 目： | 伞菌目 Agaricales |
| 科： | 鬼伞科 Psathyrellaceae Vilgalys, Moncalvo & Redhead (2001) |
| 模式属 | |
| Psathyrella | |
| 属 | |
鬼伞科（学名：Psathyrellaceae）是担子菌门伞菌目一個木耳類物種的科，特色是質地比較軟脆，而孢子顏色比較深（黑色、深棕色，但也有罕見的紅色，甚或粉色系的孢子）。菌頭一般呈黑色或深褐色，菌體在幼年時呈白色，可食用；成熟後菌體顏色轉深時，便不可以食用。
About 50% of species produce fruiting bodies that dissolve into ink-like ooze when the spores are mature via autodigestion. Prior to phylogenetic research based upon 脱氧核糖核酸 comparisons, most of the species that autodigested were classified as Coprinaceae, which contained all of the inky-cap mushrooms. However, the 模式種 of Coprinus, 鸡腿菇, and a few other species, were found to be more closely related to 蘑菇科. The former genus Coprinus was split between two families, and the name "Coprinaceae" became a synonym of Agaricaceae in its 21st-century phylogenetic redefinition. Note that in the 19th and early 20th centuries the family name Agaricaceae had far broader application, while in the late 20th century it had a narrower application. The family name Psathyrellaceae[1] is based on the former Coprinaceae subfamily name Psathyrelloideae. The type genus Psathyrella consists of species that produce fruiting bodies which do not liquify via autodigestion. Psathyrella remained a polyphyletic genus until it was split into several genera including 3 new ones in 2015.[2] Lacrymaria is another genus that does not autodigest its fruiting bodies. It is characterized by rough basidiospores and lamellar edges that exude beads of clear liquid when in prime condition, hence the Latin reference, lacryma (tears).
Most Psathyrellaceae basidiospores have germ pores, and the pigment in the spore walls bleaches in concentrated sulfuric acid. This contrasts with another phylogenetically unrelated dark-spored genus, Panaeolus. Psathyrellaceae are saprotrophs or rarely mycoparasitism on other agarics (e.g. Psathyrella epimyces). They often occur in nitrogen-rich habitats such as muck soils, dung, wet soft decayed wood, lawns, garden soils.
Genera Coprinellus, Coprinopsis and Parasola
Species in the genera Coprinellus, Coprinopsis and Parasola were until recently classified in the genus Coprinus, or in the case of a few Coprinellus 物种, in Pseudocoprinus. Based on molecular data, the genus Coprinus was divided, with these three genera moved to the family Psathyrellaceae. [1].
Coprinellus is a genus first described by Petter Karsten in 1879. Coprinopsis was split from the genus Coprinus based on molecular data. The species Coprinopsis cinerea is a 模式生物 for mushroom-forming Basidiomycota, and its genome has recently been sequenced completely.
參看
參考文獻
- ^ Redhead SA, Vilgalys R, Moncalvo J-M,Johnson J & Hopple, JS Jr. Coprinus Pers. and the disposition of Coprinus species sensu lato. Taxon 50(1): 203-241. 2001
- ^ Örstadius L., Ryberg M, Larsson E. Molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy in Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) with a focus on psathyrelloid species: introduction of three new genera and 18 new species. Mycol. Progr. 14:25: 1-41. 2015
外部連結
維基物種上的相關信息：鬼伞科- "The Genus Coprinus: The Inky Caps" by Michael Kuo, MushroomExpert.com, February, 2005.
- All about Inkcaps: Coprinus site of Kees Uljé – taxonomy and keys to coprinoid fungi.
- Fungus of the Month for May 2004: Coprinus comatus, the shaggy mane by Tom Volk, TomVolkFungi.net. – Includes information on how the genus Coprinus was recently segregated.
- Psathyrella Genus, Illinois Mycological Association (online).