ggplot2
| 原作者 | Hadley Wickham, Winston Chang |
|---|---|
| 当前版本 | 2.2.1（2016年12月30日） |
| 源代码库 | |
| 编程语言 | R |
| 许可协议 | GPLv2[1] |
| 网站 | ggplot2 |
ggplot2 是统计编程语言R的一个数据可视化绘图包。ggplot2 由Hadley Wickham在2005年创造。它具现了利兰·威尔金森所著《图标的语法—一个数据可视化通用框架》(Grammar of Graphics—a general scheme for data visualization)中将图形分解为语素（如尺度、图层）的思想。ggplot2 可以作为 R 语言基础绘图包的替代，同时 ggplot2 预设有多种印刷及网页尺寸。自 2005 年以来，ggplot2 已经发展成为最受欢迎的 R 包之一。[2][3]
更新
ggplot2 在 2012 年 3 月 2 日发布了 0.9.0 版本。本次更新提供了内部组织、尺度构建和图层等方面的众多更新。[4]
2014 年 2 月 25 日， Hadley Wickham 正式宣布 “ggplot2 正转至维护模式。意味着 ggplot2 不会再添加新的功能，不过我们会继续修复重要故障，并考虑增加由推送请求新提交的特性。ggplot2 的下一个版本将会是 1.0.0 以纪念这显著的里程碑”。[5]
ggplot2 在 2015 年 12 月 21 日发布了 2.0.0 版本。在版本公告中宣布了“ggplot2 现在拥有官方扩展机制。这表示其他人现在可以轻松创造他们的统计方式、几何图形和位置方案，并在其他包中提供”。[6]
Comparison with base graphics and other packages
In contrast to base R graphics, ggplot2 allows the user to add, remove or alter components in a plot at a high level of abstraction.[7] This abstraction comes at a cost, with ggplot2 being slower than lattice graphics.[8]
One potential limitation of base R graphics is the "pen-and-paper model" utilized to populate the plotting device.[9] Graphical output from the interpreter is added directly to the plotting device or window rather than separately for each distinct element of a plot.[10] In this respect it is similar to the lattice package, though Wickham argues ggplot2 inherits a more formal model of graphics from Wilkinson.[11] As such, it allows for a high degree of modularity; the same underlying data can be transformed by many different scales or layers.[12][13]
Plots may be created via the convenience function qplot() where arguments and defaults are meant to be similar to base R's plot() function.[14][15] More complex plotting capacity is available via ggplot() which exposes the user to more explicit elements of the grammar.[16]
相关项目
参考文献
- ^ https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/ggplot2/index.html
- ^ Wickham, Hadley. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Journal of Statistical Software. July 2010, 35 (1).
- ^ Wilkinson, Leland. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis by WICKHAM, H. Biometrics. June 2011, 67 (2): 678–679. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01616.x.
- ^ ggplot2 Development Team. Changes and Additions to ggplot2-0.9.0 (PDF).
- ^ ggplot2 Development Team. Changes and Additions to ggplot2-0.9.0 (PDF).
- ^ ggplot 2.0.0 http://blog.rstudio.org/2015/12/21/ggplot2-2-0-0/
- ^ Smith, David. Create beautiful statistical graphics with ggplot2. Revolutions. Revolution Analytics. [11 July 2011].
- ^ http://learnr.wordpress.com/2009/08/26/ggplot2-version-of-figures-in-lattice-multivariate-data-visualization-with-r-final-part/
- ^ Wickham, Hadley. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer. 2009: 5. ISBN 978-0-387-98140-6.
- ^ Murrell, Paul. R Graphics. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics. August 2009, 1 (2): 216–220. doi:10.1002/wics.22.
- ^ Sarkar, Deepayan. Lattice: multivariate data visualization with R. Springer. 2008: xi. ISBN 978-0-387-75968-5.
- ^ Teetor, Paul. R Cookbook. O'Reilly. 2011: 223. ISBN 978-0-596-80915-7.
- ^ Wickham, Hadley. A Layered Grammar of Graphics. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics. March 2010, 19 (1): 3–28. doi:10.1198/jcgs.2009.07098.
- ^ R Development Core Team. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2011. ISBN 3-900051-07-0.
- ^ Ginestet, Cedric. ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A. January 2011, 174 (1): 245–246. doi:10.1111/j.1467-985X.2010.00676_9.x.
- ^ Muenchen, Robert A.; Hilbe, Joseph M. Graphics with ggplot2. R for STATA Users. Springer. ISBN 978-1-4419-1317-3. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1318-0_16.
- ^ ggplot for Python. yhat. [12 October 2014].
- ^ Interactive, online ggplot2 graphs. plotly. [12 October 2014].
- ^ ggplot for Matlab. gramm. [11 December 2015].
延伸阅读
- Wilkinson, Leland. The Grammar of Graphics. Springer. 2005. ISBN 978-0-387-98774-3.
- Wickham, Hadley. Engineering Data Analysis (with R and ggplot2). Google Tech Talks. 6 Jun 2011.