Spring Framework

Spring Framework 是一个 Java/Java EE/.NET 的分层应用程序框架。该框架基于 Expert One-on-One Java EE Design and Development（ISBN 0-7645-4385-7）一文中的代码，并最初由 Rod Johnson 和 Juergen Hoeller et al 开发。The Spring Framework provides a simple approach to development that does away with numerous properties files and helper classes littering the codebase.

Spring 中包含的关键特性：

• 强大的基于 JavaBeans 的应用了翻转控制（Inversion of Control，IoC）原则的配置管理，使得应用程序的组建更加快捷简易。

• 一个可用于从 applet 到 Java EE 等不同运行环境的核心 bean 工厂。

• 数据库事务的一般化抽象层，允许插件式事务管理器，简化事务的划分使之与底层无关。

• 内建的针对 JTA 和 单个 JDBC 数据源的一般化策略，使 Spring 的事务支持不要求 Java EE 环境，这与一般的 JTA 或者 EJB CMT 相反。

• JDBC abstraction layer that offers a meaningful exception hierarchy (no more pulling vendor codes out of SQLException), simplifies error handling, and greatly reduces the amount of code programmers need to write. You'll never need to write another 'finally' block to use JDBC again. The JDBC-oriented exceptions comply with Spring's generic DAO (Data Access Object) exception hierarchy.

• 与 Hibernate，JDO 和 iBATIS SQL Maps 集成： 以资源容器，DAO 实现和事务策略等形式。First-class Hibernate support with lots of IoC convenience features, addressing many typical Hibernate integration issues. All of these comply with Spring's generic transaction and DAO exception hierarchies.

• Flexible MVC web application framework, built on core Spring functionality. Developers have a high degree of control over this framework via strategy interfaces, and it accommodates multiple view technologies like JSP, FreeMarker, Velocity, Tiles, iText, and POI. Note that a Spring middle tier can easily combine with a web tier based on any other web MVC framework, like Struts, WebWork, or Tapestry.

• Aspect-oriented programming framework to provide services like transaction management.

As MVC patterns (such as Struts) often have difficulty in providing a clear framework for designing the Model part of an application, Spring's ability to work easily with such patterns means that developers can quickly refactor many unsuccessful approaches to make use of Spring's JDBC abstraction layer.

For a Spring framework tutorial, visit Wikibooks:Spring framework.

External links

• Spring Framework
  • Spring Framework API (as Javadocs)
  • http://www.springframework.org/dtd/spring-beans.dtd
    • http://www.springframework.org/docs/reference/springbeansdtd.html (as HTML)
• Spring Framework .NET

• Spring Framework MVC Tutorial
• Simple Spring Demo
• Introduction to the Spring Framework by Rod Johnson
• The Spring Reference Documentation (PDF, 1329 kb) - Rod Johnson et al. (2004-2005)

• SpringHub