Statistical hypothesis test
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One may be faced with the problem of making a definite decision about an uncertain hypothesis which has been created based on previous observations. A statistical hypothesis test is a statistical method used to answer such a question.
A statistical test calculates a statistic to summarize the information and compares with a critical value to estimate the probability of the hypothesis being correct. It usually compares the value of the statistic among different groups and reports if a statistiacally significant difference is present between the groups.
