Field-programmable gate array

A Field-programmable gate array (often shortened to FPGA) is an integrated circuit which can be "programmed" before it is used by a customer. Each FPGA has a certain capacity of logic blocks; each block can be programmed to hold a certain number of logic gates. The logic gates will be connected with each other to provide the desired functionality. Programming is done using a programming language developed for the purpose. The logic blocks can also be assigned the function to act as computer memory, which allows to store certain values. Some FPGAs do not only offer logic gates such as XOR or Flip-flops, but also higher-level components such as the logic for an Ethernet controller.

Because of their design, a logic circuit done as an FPGA will be slower than if it is done on a dedicated integrated circuit (called ASIC). Nevertheless, FPGAs are often used, especially for tasks where only a limited number of units can be sold.