Logic programming

Logic programming is using mathematical logic to write computer programs. There are specialized programming languages where the user can directly enter logical statements. Probably the best-known of these languages is called Prolog. Alonzo Church used a form of logic programming in what is known as lambda calculus today. Logic programming has also been used in LISP.

Programs consist of a set of rules and facts. In most cases, logic programming uses what is called Negation as failure (which is sometimes also called weak negation). This means that if it is not possible to derive some clause $p$ from the facts and rules, the system will assume that $\not p$.