Simplified molecular input line entry specification
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The simplified molecular input line entry specification or SMILES is a line notation for the structure of chemical molecules. It uses short ASCII strings to represent structures. SMILES strings can be imported by most molecule editors for conversion back into two-dimensional drawings or three-dimensional models of the molecules.
Arthur Weininger and David Weininger wrote the original SMILES specification in the late 1980s. It has since been modified and extended by others, including by Daylight Chemical Information Systems Inc. In 2007, the Blue Obelisk open-source chemistry community developed an open standard called "OpenSMILES". Other 'linear' notations include the Wiswesser Line Notation (WLN), ROSDAL and SLN (Tripos Inc).
In July 2006, the IUPAC introduced the InChI as a standard for representing chemical structures. People think that SMILES is slightly more human-readable than InChI. SMILES also has a wide base of software support with extensive theoretical (for example, graph theory) backing.
Conversion
SMILES can be converted back to 2-dimensional representations using Structure Diagram Generation algorithms (Helson, 1999). This conversion is not always unambiguous. Computer programs use energy minimization to convert SMILES to 3-dimensional representations. There are many downloadable and web-based conversion utilities.
References
- Anderson, E.; Veith, G.D; Weininger, D. (1987). SMILES: A line notation and computerized interpreter for chemical structures. Report No. EPA/600/M-87/021. Duluth, MN 55804: U.S. EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory-Duluth.
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: CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - Weininger, David (1988). "SMILES, a chemical language and information system. 1. Introduction to methodology and encoding rules". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 28: 31. doi:10.1021/ci00057a005.
- Weininger, David; Weininger, Arthur; Weininger, Joseph L. (1989). "SMILES. 2. Algorithm for generation of unique SMILES notation". Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling. 29 (2): 97. doi:10.1021/ci00062a008.
- Helson, H.E. (1999). "Structure Diagram Generation". Rev. Comput. Chem. Vol. 13. New York: Wiley-VCH. pp. 313–398. doi:10.1002/9780470125908.ch6.
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Other websites
Specifications
- "SMILES - A Simplified Chemical Language"
- The OpenSMILES home page
- "SMARTS - SMILES Extension"
- Daylight SMILES tutorial
- Parsing SMILES
SMILES related software utilities
- NCI/CADD Chemical Identifier Resolver – resolves or generates SMILES from chemical names, CAS Registry Numbers, InChI/InChIKey and many other chemical structure file formats
- NCI/CADD Online SMILES Translator and Structure File Generator – Java online molecule editor
- PubChem server side structure editor – online molecule editor
- smi23d – 3D Coordinate Generation
- Daylight Depict – Translate a SMILES formula into graphics
- GIF/PNG-Creator for 2D Plots of Chemical Structures
- JME molecule editor
- ACD/ChemSketch
- Marvin by ChemAxon – online chemical editor/viewer and SMILES generator/converter
- Instant JChem by ChemAxon – desktop application for storing/generating/converting/visualizing/searching SMILES structures, particularly batch processing; personal edition free
- JChem for Excel by ChemAxon – MS Excel add-in for storing/generating/converting/visualizing/searching SMILES structures
- Smormo-Ed – a molecule editor for Linux which can read and write SMILES
- InChI.info – an unofficial InChI website featuring on-line converter from InChI and SMILES to molecular drawings
- Balloon – A free program for 3D coordinate generation and conformational analysis.
- Indigo – an open-source cross-platform cheminformatics library with a plugin for IUPAC-compliant molecule and reaction 2D structural formula rendering.
- Open Babel – an open-source chemical toolbox allowing anyone to search, convert, analyze, or store biochemical data.
- Bioclipse – a free and open source workbench for the life sciences
- MolEngine – A .NET cheminformatics toolkit to read/write SMILES, generate 2D coordinate from SMILES, and convert SMILES from/into other Chemical file formats.
- JSDraw – A cross-platform javascript chemical structure editor to generate SMILES and SMARTS.