Additive model

This article is about the statistical method. For additive color models, see Additive color.

In statistics, an additive model (AM) is a nonparametric regression method. It was suggested by Jerome H. Friedman and Werner Stuetzle (1981) and is an essential part of the ACE algorithm. The AM uses a one-dimensional smoother to build a restricted class of nonparametric regression models. Because of this, it is less affected by the curse of dimensionality than a p-dimensional smoother. Furthermore, the AM is more flexible than a standard linear model, while being more interpretable than a general regression surface at the cost of approximation errors. Problems with AM, like many other machine-learning methods, include model selection, overfitting, and multicollinearity.

Description

Given a data set $\{y_{i},\,x_{i1},\ldots ,x_{ip}\}_{i=1}^{n}$ of n statistical units, where $\{x_{i1},\ldots ,x_{ip}\}_{i=1}^{n}$ represent predictors and $y_{i}$ is the outcome, the additive model takes the form

$\mathrm {E} [y_{i}|x_{i1},\ldots ,x_{ip}]=\beta _{0}+\sum _{j=1}^{p}f_{j}(x_{ij})$

or

$Y=\beta _{0}+\sum _{j=1}^{p}f_{j}(X_{j})+\varepsilon$

Where $\mathrm {E} [\epsilon ]=0$, $\mathrm {Var} (\epsilon )=\sigma ^{2}$ and $\mathrm {E} [f_{j}(X_{j})]=0$. The functions $f_{j}(x_{ij})$ are unknown smooth functions fit from the data. Fitting the AM (i.e. the functions $f_{j}(x_{ij})$) can be done using the backfitting algorithm proposed by Andreas Buja, Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani (1989).

See also

• Generalized additive model
• Backfitting algorithm
• Projection pursuit regression
• Generalized additive model for location, scale, and shape (GAMLSS)
• Median polish
• Projection pursuit

Further reading

• Breiman, L. and Friedman, J.H. (1985). "Estimating Optimal Transformations for Multiple Regression and Correlation", Journal of the American Statistical Association 80:580–598. doi:10.1080/01621459.1985.10478157