Gopher (protocol)
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Gopher is a distributed document search and retrieval protocol designed for the Internet. It was originally developed at the University of Minnesota, whose mascot is the Golden Gophers.
Gopher's original design goal for sharing documents was similar in scope to the World Wide Web, and as such has been almost completely displaced by it.
Related RFCs
RFC1436 - Description of the Gopher protocol.
See also History of the Internet.