CAD/CAM
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CAD/CAM[1] refers to the integration[2] of Computer-aided design (CAD) and Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). Both of these require powerful computers. CAD software helps designers and draftsmen; CAM "reduces manpower costs" in the manufacturing process.[3]
Overview
Both CAD and CAM are computer-intensive. Although, in 1981, Computervision was #1 and IBM was #2, IBM had a major advantage: it's systems could accomodate "eight to 20" users at a time, whereas most competitors only had enough power to accomodate "four to six."[3] CAD/CAM was described by The New York Times as a "computerized design and manufacturing process" that made its debut "when Computervision pioneered it in the 1970's."[1]
Other 1980s major players in CAD/CAM included General Electric[4] and Parametric Technology Corporation;[5] the latter subsequently acquired Computervision, which had been acquired by Prime Computer.[5]
CAD/CAM originated in the 1960s;[6] an IBM 360/44 was used to build via CNC[7][8] the wings of an airplane.
Computer-aided design (CAD)
One goal of CAD is to allow quicker iterations in the design process;[9][10] another is to enable smoothly transitioning to the CAM stage.[11] Although manually created drawings historically facilitated "a designer's goal of displaying an idea,"[12] it did not result in a machine-readable result that could be modified and subsequently be used to directly build a prototype.[13] It can also be used to "ensure that all the separate parts of a product will fit together as intended."[6]
CAD, when linked with simulation, can also enable bypassing building a less than satisfactory test version, resulting in having "dispensed with the costly, time-consuming task of building a prototype."[2]
Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)
In Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), using computerized specifications, a computer directs machines such as lathes and milling machines to perform work that otherwise would be controlled by a lathe or milling machine operator. This process, which is called Numerical Control (NC OR CNC), is what came to be known as 20th century Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM), and it originated in the 1960s.[6] Early 21st century CAM introduced use of 3D printers.[14]
See also
References
- ^ a b Eric N. Berg (March 24, 1985). "CAD/CAM's Pioneer Bets It All". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Barnaby J. Feder (January 18, 1981). "Bolts and Brackets by (Computer) Design". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Robert Metz (October 28, 1981). "A 'New' Face In CAD/CAM". The New York Times.
- ^ "G.E.'s Expansion into CAD/CAM". The New York Times. January 18, 1981.
- ^ a b Glenn Rifkin (June 18, 1992). "Designing Tools For the Designers". The New York Times.
- ^ a b c "Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing Software (CAD/CAM)".
- ^ Catalog of Copyright Entries, Third Series: 1969: January - June. Library of Congress. 1972.
IBM System/360 Model 44 ... AD APT numerical control processor
- ^ "360/44 for numerical control (NC)" (PDF).
- ^ "Computer-aided design" (PDF).
- ^ "What is Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Why It's Important".
- ^ "A Guide to CAD/CAM Software". Thomas Register.
- ^ "CAD". Stanford University Student Journals.
- ^ "Intelligent computer-aided design systems".
- ^ T. Mikolajczyk (2019). CAD CAM System for Manufacturing Innovative Hybrid Design.
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