Multi-component gas analyzer system

A multi-component gas analyzer system (Multi-GAS) is an instrument package used to take real-time high-resolution measurements of volcanic gas plumes.[1] A Multi-GAS package includes an infrared spectrometer for CO2, two electrochemical sensors for SO2 and H2S, and pressure–temperature–humidity sensors, all in a weatherproof box weighing approximately 3 kg,[2] as well as radio transmitters to transmit data to remote locations. Additional electrochemical sensors, like for HCl[3], have been successfully incorporated into instruments as well. The instrument package is portable, and its operation and data analysis are simple enough to be conducted by non-specialists.[4]
Multi-GAS instruments have been used to measure volcanic gas plumes at Mount Etna, Stromboli, Vulcano Italy, Villarrica (volcano) Chile, Masaya Volcano Nicaragua, Mount Yasur and Ambrym Vanuatu, Miyake-jima and Mount Asama Japan, Soufrière Hills Montserrat, with permanent installations at Etna and Stromboli.[5]
Multi-GAS measurements of CO2/SO2 ratios can allow detection of the pre-eruptive degassing of rising magmas, improving prediction of volcanic activity.[1]
References
- ^ a b Aiuppa, Alessandro; Moretti, Roberto; Federico, Cinzia; Giudice, Gaetano; Gurrieri, Sergio; Liuzzo, Marco; Papale, Paolo; Shinohara, Hiroshi; Valenza, Mariano (2007). "Forecasting Etna eruptions by real-time observation of volcanic gas composition". Geology. 35 (12): 1115. Bibcode:2007Geo....35.1115A. doi:10.1130/G24149A.1.
- ^ Aiuppa, A.; Federico, C.; Giudice, G.; Gurrieri, S. (2005). "Chemical mapping of a fumarolic field: La Fossa Crater, Vulcano Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy)". Geophysical Research Letters. 32 (13): L13309. Bibcode:2005GeoRL..3213309A. doi:10.1029/2005GL023207.
- ^ Roberts, T. J.; Lurton, T.; Giudice, G.; Liuzzo, M.; Aiuppa, A.; Coltelli, M.; Vignelles, D.; Salerno, G.; Couté, B.; Chartier, M.; Baron, R. (2017). "Validation of a novel Multi-Gas sensor for volcanic HCl alongside H2S and SO2 at Mt. Etna". Bulletin of Volcanology. 79 (5): 36. doi:10.1007/s00445-017-1114-z. ISSN 1432-0819. PMC 6979509. PMID 32025075.
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: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ Shinohara, Hiroshi (2005-05-30). "A new technique to estimate volcanic gas composition: plume measurements with a portable multi-sensor system". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 143 (4): 319–333. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2004.12.004.
- ^ "Volcanic gas monitoring, Ch 6 in Volcanism and Global Environmental Change". January 2015.
External Links
USGS Volcano Hazards Program: Monitoring Gas & Water Methods