Computer and information science

Information and Computer Science (ICS) or Computer and Information Science (CIS) (plural forms, i.e. Sciences, may also be used) is a field that emphasizes computing and informatics (see also information science), treating computers as a tool rather than a field. Edsger Dijkstra proclaimed, "Computer Science is no more about computers than astronomy is about telescopes," in support of the computing paradigm over the computer engineering, electrical engineering, and other hardware associations normally used with computer science. Due to the distinction between computers and computing, some research groups wholly replace "computer" with "computing" or "datalogy", creating names such as Computing and Information Science. Languages may also entirely omit the association: for example, computer science in French is known as informatique.