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Cloud Native Computing Foundation

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'''Cloud Native Computing Foundation'''

The Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) is a Linux Foundation project that was founded in 2015 to help advance container technology[1] and align the tech industry around its evolution. It was announced alongside Kubernetes 1.0, an open source container cluster manager, which was contributed to the Linux Foundation by Google as a seed technology. Founding members include Google, CoreOS, Mesosphere, Red Hat, Twitter, Huawei, Intel, Cisco, IBM, Docker, Univa, and VMware.[2][3] Today, CNCF is supported by over 450 members. In order to establish qualified representatives of the technologies governed by the CNCF, a program was announced at the inaugural CloudNativeDay in Toronto in August, 2016.[4] Serial entrepreneur, Dan Kohn (who also helped launch the Core Infrastructure Initiative) is the project's current executive director.[5]

In August 2018 Google announced that it was handing over operational control of the project to the community.[6] Since its creation, CNCF has launched a number of hosted sub-projects.

CNCF Projects

CNCF technology projects are cataloged with a maturity level of Graduated, Incubating or Sandbox. The defined criteria include rate of adoption, longevity and whether the open source project can be relied upon to build a production-grade product.[7]

CNCF's process brings projects in as incubated projects and then aims to move them through to graduation, which implies a level of process and technology maturity.[8] A graduated project reflects overall maturity; these projects have where it has reached a tipping point in terms of diversity of contribution, community scale/growth, and adoption.[9] Graduated projects include Kubernetes,[10] Prometheus,[11] and Jaeger.[12]

CNCF's process brings projects in as incubated projects and then aims to move them through to graduation, which implies a level of process and technology maturity.[13] The CNCF Sandbox is a place for early-stage projects, and it was first announced in March of 2019. The Sandbox replaces what had originally been called the "inception project level.[14] CNCF project include:

Kubernetes

Kubernetes is an open source framework for automating deployment and managing applications in a containerized and clustered environment. "It aims to provide better ways of managing related, distributed components across varied infrastructure."[15] It was originally designed by Google and donated to The Linux Foundation to form the Cloud Native Computing Foundation with Kubernetes as the seed technology.[16] The "large and diverse" community supporting the project has made its staying power more robust than other, older technologies of the same ilk.[17]

CNI

Container Network Interface (CNI), a Cloud Native Computing Foundation project, provides networking for Linux containers.[18]

Containerd

Containerd is an industry-standard core container runtime. It is currently available as a daemon for Linux and Windows, which can manage the complete container lifecycle of its host system. In 2015, Docker donated the OCI Specification to The Linux Foundation with a reference implementation called runc. Its general availability and intention to donate the project to CNCF was announced by Docker in 2017.[19][20]

CoreDNS

CoreDNS, a DNS server that chains plugins, is a Cloud Native Computing Foundation member project. Its graduation was announced in 2019.[21]

Envoy

Originally built at Lyft to move their architecture away from a monolith, Envoy is a high-performance open source edge and service proxy that makes the network transparent to applications. Lyft contributed Envoy to Cloud Native Computing Foundation in September 2017.[22]

Fluentd

Fluentd is an open source data collector, allowing the user to "unify the data collection and consumption for a better use and understanding of data."[23] Fluentd joined CNCF in 2016  and became a graduated project in 2019.[24]

gRPC

gRPC is a "modern open source high performance RPC framework that can run in any environment."[25] The project was formed in 2015 when Google decided to open source the next version of its RPC infrastructure ("Stubby").[26] The project has a number of early large industry adopters such as Square, Inc., Netflix, and Cisco.[27]

Jaeger

Created by Uber Engineering, Jaeger is an open source distributed tracing system inspired by Google Dapper paper and OpenZipkin community. It can be used for tracing microservice-based architectures, including distributed context propagation, distributed transaction monitoring, root cause analysis, service dependency analysis, and performance/latency optimization. The Cloud Native Computing Foundation Technical Oversight Committee voted to accept Jaeger as the 12th hosted project in September 2017[28] and became a graduated project in 2019.[29]

Linkerd

Linkerd is CNCF's fifth member project, providing resilient service mesh for cloud native applications. The tool is based on the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) "for developers to help improve communications among microservices."[30]

Notary

Notary is an open source project that enables widespread trust over arbitrary data collections.[31] Notary was released by Docker in 2015 and became a CNCF project in 2017.[32]

OpenTelemetry

OpenTelemetry is an open source observability framework created when CNCF merged the OpenTracing and OpenCensus projects.[33] OpenTracing offers "consistent, expressive, vendor-neutral APIs for popular platforms"[34] while the Google-created OpenCensus project acts as a "collection of language-specific libraries for instrumenting an application, collecting stats (metrics), and exporting data to a supported backend."[35] Under OpenTelemetry, the projects create a "complete telemetry system [that is] suitable for monitoring microservices and other types of modern, distributed systems — and [is] compatible with most major OSS and commercial backends."[36]

Prometheus

A Cloud Native Computing Foundation member project, Prometheus is a cloud monitoring tool sponsored by SoundCloud in early iterations. The tool is currently used by Digital Ocean, Ericsson, CoreOS, Docker, Red Hat and Google.[37] In August 2018, the tool was designated a "graduated" project by the Cloud Native Computing Foundation.[38]

rkt

rkt, an archival Cloud Native Computing Foundation project, is a pod-native container engine for Linux. It is composable, secure, and built on cloud native standards. The project was archived by CNCF in 2019, meaning that CNCF no longer provides technical oversight or marketing/event services, although The Linux Foundation still hosts the project's trademarks.[39]

The Update Framework

The Update Framework (TUF) helps developers to secure new or existing software update systems, which are often found to be vulnerable to many known attacks. TUF addresses this widespread problem by providing a comprehensive, flexible security framework that developers can integrate with any software update system. TUF was CNCF's first security-focused project to and the ninth project overall to graduate from the foundation's hosting program.[40]

CNCF Initiatives

CNCF hosts a number of efforts and initiatives to serve the cloud native community, including:

Events

CNCF hosts the co-located KubeCon and CloudNativeCon conferences, which have become a keystone events for technical users and business professionals seeking to increase Kubernetes and cloud-native knowledge. The events seek to enable collaboration with industry peers and thought leaders.[41] KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2018 was held in Seattle at the Washington Convention Center.[42] KubeCon + CloudNativeCon North America 2019 was held from November 18-21 in San Diego, CA.[43] In recent years, the co-located event has expanded to include KubeCon Europe and China.[44]

Diversity Scholarships

CNCF’s Diversity Scholarship program covers the ticket and travel to the KubeCon + CloudNativeCon conference.[45] In 2018, $300,000 in diversity scholarships was raised to enable attendees from diverse and minority backgrounds to make the journey to Seattle for KubeCon and CloudNativeCon.[46]

Kubernetes Certification & Education

One path toward becoming a Kubernetes-certified IT professional is the vendor-agnostic Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) accreditation, which is relevant to admins who work across a range of cloud platforms.[47] There are tens of thousands of Certified Kubernetes Administrators (CKA) and Certified Kubernetes Application Developers (CKAD) worldwide.[48]

Kubernetes Software Conformance & Training

CNCF's Certified Kubernetes Conformance Program (KCSP) enables vendors to prove that their product and service conformant with a set of core Kubernetes APIs and are interoperable with other Kubernetes implementations. At the end of 2018, there were 76 firms that had validated their offerings with the Certified Kubernetes Conformance Program.[49]

In 2017, CNCF also helped the Linux Foundation launch a free Kubernetes course on the EdX platform[50] — which has more than 88,000 enrollments.[51] The self-paced course covers the system architecture, the problems Kubernetes solves, and the model it uses to handle containerized deployments and scaling. The course also includes technical instructions on how to deploy a standalone and multi-tier application.[52]

Cloud Native Landscape

CNCF developed a landscape map that shows the full extent of cloud native solutions, many of which fall under their umbrella.[53] The interactive catalog gives an idea of the problems facing engineers and developers deciding which products to use. This interactive catalog was created in response to the proliferation of third-party technologies and resulting decision-fatigueengineers and developers often experience when selecting software tools. In addition to mapping out the relevant and existing cloud native solutions, CNCF’s landscape map provides details on the solutions themselves including open source status, contributors, and more.[54]

Cloud Native Trail Map

CNCF’s Cloud Native Trail Map outlines the open source cloud native technologies hosted by the Foundation and outlines the recommended path for building a cloud native operation using the projects under its wing. The Cloud Native Trail Map also acts as an interactive and comprehensive guide to cloud technologies.[55]

DevStats

CNCF’s DevStats tool provides analysis of GitHub activity for Kubernetes and the other CNCF projects. Dashboards track a multitude of metrics, including the number of contributions, the level of engagement of contributors, how long it takes to get a response after an issue is opened, and which special interest groups (SIGs) are the most responsive.[56]


References

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  4. ^ Calcote, Lee (2016-09-06). "Cloud Native Ambassadors and Docker Captains navigate users through the container ecosystem". InfoWorld. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
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  14. ^ "Open Metrics Project Comes to the Cloud Native Computing Foundation". www.serverwatch.com. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
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  30. ^ "Buoyant's Linkerd Offers RPC-based Microservices Communications". The New Stack. 2016-05-06. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
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  43. ^ Morales, Alexa Weber. "Oracle BrandVoice: Kubernetes-Hungry Businesses Recruit To Fill Their Skill Gaps At KubeCon". Forbes. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
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  49. ^ "6 Key Metrics Driving Growth at the Cloud Native Computing Foundation". eWEEK. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
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  53. ^ Ops, Cloud (2018-11-28). "The Beginner's Guide to the CNCF Landscape". Linux.com. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  54. ^ Thornett 2018-05-12T09:30:01.131Z, Chris. "Bigger than Linux: The rise of cloud native". TechRadar. Retrieved 2020-01-20.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  55. ^ "Graduation day: Kubernetes hits key milestone as CNCF lays out a cloud-native road map". GeekWire. 2018-03-06. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
  56. ^ "Google remains the top open-source contributor to CNCF projects". TechCrunch. Retrieved 2020-01-20.
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