Critical transition
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Complex systems ranging from ecosystems to the climate and financial systems can have tipping points where a tiny push can invoke a critical transition to a contrasting state. In mathematical theory, such tipping points are known as catastrophic bifurcations (see catastrophe theory). Work in different scientific fields suggests the existence of generic early-warning signals that may precede such critical transitions.[1][2][3][4]
References
- ^ Scheffer, Marten; Carpenter, Steve; Foley, Jonathan A.; Folke, Carl; Walker, Brian (October 2001). "Catastrophic shifts in ecosystems". Nature. 413 (6856): 591–596. doi:10.1038/35098000. ISSN 1476-4687.
- ^ Scheffer, Marten. Critical transitions in nature and society. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691122040.
- ^ Scheffer, Marten; Bascompte, Jordi; Brock, William A.; Brovkin, Victor; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Dakos, Vasilis; Held, Hermann; van Nes, Egbert H.; Rietkerk, Max; Sugihara, George (September 2009). "Early-warning signals for critical transitions". Nature. 461 (7260): 53–59. doi:10.1038/nature08227. ISSN 1476-4687.
- ^ Scheffer, Marten; Carpenter, Stephen R.; Lenton, Timothy M.; Bascompte, Jordi; Brock, William; Dakos, Vasilis; Koppel, Johan van de; Leemput, Ingrid A. van de; Levin, Simon A.; Nes, Egbert H. van; Pascual, Mercedes; Vandermeer, John (19 October 2012). "Anticipating Critical Transitions". Science. 338 (6105): 344–348. doi:10.1126/science.1225244. ISSN 0036-8075.