Gap analysis (conservation)

Gap analysis is a tool used in wildlife conservation to identify gaps in conservation lands (e.g., protected areas and nature reserves) or other wildlands where significant plant and animal species and their habitat or important ecological features occur. Gap analysis also allows for the assessment of an area so that the most amount of biodiversity can be conserved for a given amount of funding. This information may then used to improve the representativeness of nature reserves or the effectiveness of protected areas so that it provides the best value for conserving biological diversity. With the information that a gap analysis yields, the boundaries of these areas may be modified (i) to subsume 'gaps' containing significant populations of wildlife species that can enhance the long-term survival of a larger metapopulation of the species already within the managed or protected area, or (ii) to include other wildlife species or ecosystems that merit protection but are inadequately represented in the protected area system. Gap analysis employs geographic information systems (GIS) to produce and overlay maps that delineate topography, biological and geological features (forest cover, plains, rivers, etc.), boundaries, land ownership and use, and the distribution of wildlife species.