User:Cass-stock/Fixed action pattern
Fixed Action Pattern
A Fixed Action Pattern is an ethological term describing an instinctive behavioral sequence that is highly stereotyped and species-characteristic. [1] Fixed action patterns are said to be produced by the innate releasing mechanism, a "hard-wired" neural network, in response to a sign stimulus or releaser. [1] [2] Once released, a fixed action pattern runs to completion. [1]
This term is often associated with Konrad Lorenz who is one of the founders. [1] Lorenz identified six characteristics of fixed action patterns. [3] These characteristics state that fixed action patterns are stereotyped, complex, species-characteristic, released, triggered, and independent of experience. [3]
Fixed action patterns have been observed in many species, but most notably in fish and birds. [1][2]
Significance...
Exploitation...
Evolutionary advantages...
There are 4 exceptions to fixed action pattern rules (citation needed). These include reduced response threshold, vacuum activity, displacement behavior, and graded response (citation needed).
Sign Stimulus vs. Releaser
A sign stimulus is... Whereas, a releaser... Mention supernormal stimulus?
Examples
Male Stickleback Mating Behavior
Greyleg Goose Egg-Retrieval Behavior
Significance
Exploitation
Evolutionary Advantages
Criticisms
There are 4 exceptions to fixed action pattern rules (citation needed). These include reduced response threshold, vacuum activity, displacement behavior, and graded response (citation needed).
Reduced Response Threshold
Define.
Vacuum Activity
Define. Example: Courtship behavior in ring doves (citation needed).
Displacement Behavior
Define. Example: Nest digging behavior in sticklebacks (citation needed).
Graded Response
Define.
References
- ^ a b c d e Páez-Rondón, Oscar; Aldana, Elis; Dickens, Joseph; Otálora-Luna, Fernando (2018-5). "Ethological description of a fixed action pattern in a kissing bug (Triatominae): vision, gustation, proboscis extension and drinking of water and guava". Journal of Ethology. 36 (2): 107–116. doi:10.1007/s10164-018-0547-y. ISSN 0289-0771.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Ronacher, Bernhard (2019-2). "Innate releasing mechanisms and fixed action patterns: basic ethological concepts as drivers for neuroethological studies on acoustic communication in Orthoptera". Journal of Comparative Physiology A. 205 (1): 33–50. doi:10.1007/s00359-018-01311-3. ISSN 0340-7594. PMC 6394777. PMID 30617601.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ a b Studying animal behavior : autobiographies of the founders. Dewsbury, Donald A., 1939-. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1989, ©1985. ISBN 0226144100. OCLC 19670401.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: others (link)