Cognitive shift
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A cognitive shift is a "cognitive science defines a cognitive shift or shift in cognitive focus as triggered by the brain's response and change due to some external force."[1]
General cause
A cognitive shift can occur when a person undergoes a new experience, such as astronauts experiencing the overview effect when launched into space.[2]
A cognitive shift can occur with or without the aid of an externally ingested psychoactive substance such as LSD, peyote, or other psychoactive drugs. Religious mystic experiences are often described as a sudden shift from one cognitive function or another, for instance in the writings of William James.
Traditional psychology
Cognitive shift (in the development of psychology) is also a term that relates to the understanding that thoughts (i.e. cognitions) play a key role in a person's emotional state and actions (behaviour). It was theorised by earlier behavioural psychologists that individuals were empty vessels and new experiences would be created by being repeatedly exposed and/or rewarded in relation to certain things (such as in rote learning of times tables).
The cognitive shift however, demonstrated that thoughts also play an integral process. A key experiment placed a rat in a circular maze and after rotating the maze the rat was able to use pointers around the room in order to find a food reward. This suggested that the rat had used internal cognitions in order to influence its behaviour to gain a reward.
Also the fact that children, when learning a language, often and quite suddenly begin to apply rules they have learnt to new phrases such as by saying "I've drinken all my drink" after learning "I've eaten all my food". This is usually without being taught these rules first and as such demonstrate a key role of cognitions in terms of learning.
Cognitive shifts may occur after a therapist identifies an underlying fear or response mechanism and assists the client with developing remedial actions via Cognitive behavioral therapy.
Psychedelic phenomenon
With the ingestion of psychedelics people often experience sudden shifts in cognitive association and emotive content. The experience can shift rapidly from negative to euphoric, and in certain cases mimic the schizophrenic condition, as researched by Humphry Osmond and others.[3]
See also
References
Kingdon, D. G., & Turkington, D. (1994). Cognitive-behavioral therapy of schizophrenia. New York, NY, US: Guilford Press.
- ^ Spink, Amanda; Dee, Cheryl (2007-11-27). "Cognitive shifts related to interactive information retrieval". Online Information Review. 31 (6): 845–860. doi:10.1108/14684520710841801. ISSN 1468-4527.
- ^ Yaden, David B.; Iwry, Jonathan; Slack, Kelley J.; Eichstaedt, Johannes C.; Zhao, Yukun; Vaillant, George E.; Newberg, Andrew B. (2016). "The overview effect: Awe and self-transcendent experience in space flight". Psychology of Consciousness: Theory, Research, and Practice. 3 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1037/cns0000086. ISSN 2326-5531.
- ^ Preller, Katrin H.; Razi, Adeel; Zeidman, Peter; Stämpfli, Philipp; Friston, Karl J.; Vollenweider, Franz X. (2019-02-12). "Effective connectivity changes in LSD-induced altered states of consciousness in humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 116 (7): 2743–2748. doi:10.1073/pnas.1815129116. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 30692255.