User:Grant Exploit/sandbox
Useful information
Water vapor pressure modifier between Celicia (average temperature: 20 °C (68.0 °F)) and Earth (average temperature: 15 °C (59.0 °F)): 1.3722841664029811114752576559324
Water vapor pressure modifier between Yān (average temperature: 111 °F (43.9 °C)) and Earth (average temperature: 15 °C (59.0 °F)): 5.31756884431
Insolation modifier between Yān (semi major axis: 0.797 astronomical units (119,229,503 km; 74,085,778 mi)) and Earth (semi major axis: 1 astronomical unit (149,597,871 km; 92,955,807 mi)): 1.57428499911
Day length modifier between Merém (40.69 hours) and Earth (24 hours): 1.69541(6)
Year length modifier between Celicia (357 Earth solar days) and Earth (365.24219 Earth solar days (tropical) or 365.256363004 Earth solar days (sidereal)): 0.97743363109283733075853038774082 or 0.97739570383908799197193902966205
Year length modifier between Yān (260 Earth solar days) and Earth (365.24219 Earth solar days (tropical) or 365.256363004 Earth solar days (sidereal)): 0.71185642600598797198100252328462 or 0.71182880391642262720645419527209
It's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow Ethan Harvey Allen–Kowalski infobox
Ethan Harvey Allen–Kowalski | |
|---|---|
| File:Fennec fursona (drawing).jpg | |
| Born | August 27, 1988 |
| Died | No earlier than October 16, 2047 (aged at least 59 years, 1 month, 2 weeks and 5 days) |
| Monuments | Our Adventurer, Central Park, Bakersfield, former California |
| Other names | Ethan Harvey Allen, Desert Fox (II), Star Fox[nb 1] |
| Education | Bakersfield College and Technical Laboratory (2005–2009) Throop Tech (2009–2014) |
| Occupations |
|
| Years active | 2006– |
| Organizations |
|
| Known for | Developing materials and systems involving relativistic interstellar plasma. Being an astronaut for the Odyssey–Iliad crewed Proxima Centauri b mission. |
| Height | 6 ft 0 in (183 cm) (2019) |
| Parents |
|
| Relatives |
|
| Call sign | "ET" (Odyssey–Iliad ULF Continuous Communication System) |
| Website | Ethan Harvey Allen-Kowalski_1.person |
| Notes | |
| |
Into the Wild Black Yonder Hurricane Isidore infobox
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS) | |
 Potential Tropical Storm Isidore just before transition into a hurricane over Lake Michigan–Huron on September 14. | |
| Formed | September 11, 1996 |
|---|---|
| Dissipated | September 18, 1996 |
| (Extratropical after September 16, 1996) | |
| Duration | 1 day as tropical cyclone |
| Highest winds | 1-minute sustained: 75 mph (120 km/h) Gusts: 85 mph (135 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 989 mbar (hPa); 29.21 inHg |
| Fatalities | 18 |
| Damage | $50 million (1997 USD) |
| Areas affected | Great Lakes region |
| Part of the 1996 Atlantic hurricane season | |
It's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow Hurricane Kathleen infobox WIP
| Category 1 hurricane (SSHWS/NWS) | |
 This weather satellite image of Tropical Storm Kathleen was taken on September 9, 1976 at 0415 UTC | |
| Formed | September 7, 1976 |
|---|---|
| Dissipated | September 12, 1976 |
| (Post-tropical after September 11, 1976) | |
| Highest winds | 1-minute sustained: 80 mph (130 km/h) |
| Lowest pressure | 986 mbar (hPa); 29.12 inHg |
| Fatalities | 42 direct, 3 indirect |
| Damage | $2.7 billion (2019 USD) (estimated effective total if the World Confederation was a monetary society) |
| Areas affected | Baja California Peninsula, Southern California, Arizona, Nevada, Utah, Idaho |
| Part of the 1976 Pacific hurricane season | |
Skymount "aircraft specifications"
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
Performance
Lodian capital city Climate (WIP)
Based on: Chicago (body text), Template:Chicago weatherbox (Weather box)
| Climate data for Lodian capital city (Old version), 2181–2210 normals,[a][b] extremes 2128–2217 (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 89.5 (31.9) |
95.8 (35.4) |
102.3 (39.1) |
103.2 (39.6) |
108.6 (42.6) |
109 (43) |
109.2 (42.9) |
105.2 (40.7) |
103.6 (39.8) |
102.8 (39.3) |
96.1 (35.6) |
92.7 (33.7) |
109.2 (43) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 74.8 (23.8) |
78.0 (25.6) |
89.3 (31.8) |
93.4 (34.1) |
94.8 (34.9) |
96.3 (35.7) |
96.5 (35.8) |
94.9 (34.9) |
94.7 (34.8) |
91.8 (33.2) |
83.8 (28.8) |
76.4 (24.7) |
97.7 (36.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 54.0 (12.2) |
56.6 (13.7) |
63.1 (17.3) |
70.4 (21.3) |
76.8 (24.9) |
82.1 (27.8) |
84.2 (29.0) |
82.9 (28.3) |
79.5 (26.4) |
72.4 (22.4) |
63.7 (17.6) |
56.0 (13.3) |
70.1 (21.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.3 (8.5) |
49.5 (9.7) |
55.1 (12.8) |
61.6 (16.4) |
67.5 (19.7) |
73.2 (22.9) |
75.9 (24.4) |
74.9 (23.8) |
70.6 (21.4) |
63.8 (17.7) |
56.6 (13.7) |
49.7 (9.8) |
62.1 (16.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 40.7 (4.8) |
42.5 (5.8) |
47.2 (8.4) |
52.9 (11.6) |
58.2 (14.6) |
64.3 (17.9) |
67.5 (19.7) |
67.0 (19.4) |
61.7 (16.5) |
55.3 (12.9) |
49.6 (9.8) |
43.4 (6.3) |
54.2 (12.3) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 19.2 (−7.1) |
23.2 (−4.9) |
30.6 (−0.8) |
38.2 (3.4) |
45.0 (7.2) |
50.8 (10.4) |
56.8 (13.8) |
56.9 (13.8) |
47.3 (8.5) |
40.7 (4.8) |
35.0 (1.7) |
22.9 (−5.1) |
13.8 (−10.1) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −2.5 (−19.2) |
0.8 (−17.3) |
9.3 (−12.6) |
21.2 (−6.0) |
34.6 (1.4) |
37.2 (2.9) |
46 (8) |
43.8 (6.6) |
38.2 (3.4) |
29.6 (−1.3) |
12.1 (−11.1) |
0.7 (−17.4) |
−2.5 (−19.2) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 3.63 (92) |
3.74 (95) |
4.16 (106) |
5.03 (128) |
5.52 (140) |
5.14 (131) |
4.83 (123) |
4.86 (123) |
4.56 (116) |
4.84 (123) |
4.98 (126) |
4.28 (109) |
55.57 (1,412) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.7 (1.8) |
0.6 (1.5) |
0.1 (0.25) |
trace | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0.6 (1.5) |
2.1 (5.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.7 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 123.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 2.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 72.2 | 71.6 | 69.7 | 64.9 | 64.1 | 65.6 | 68.5 | 70.7 | 71.1 | 68.6 | 72.5 | 75.5 | 69.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 135.8 | 136.2 | 187.0 | 215.3 | 281.9 | 311.4 | 318.4 | 283.0 | 226.6 | 193.2 | 113.3 | 106.3 | 2,508.4 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 46 | 46 | 51 | 54 | 62 | 68 | 69 | 66 | 60 | 56 | 38 | 37 | 56 |
| Source: NOAA,[3][4][5] WRCC[6] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Lodian capital city (Föhn version), 2181–2210 normals,[a][b] extremes 2128–2217 (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 95.9 (35.5) |
101.6 (38.7) |
106.9 (41.6) |
106.4 (41.3) |
110.5 (43.6) |
109.7 (43.2) |
109.0 (42.8) |
105.0 (40.6) |
107.3 (41.8) |
106.2 (41.2) |
100.4 (38.0) |
98.5 (36.9) |
110.5 (43.6) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 81.2 (27.3) |
83.8 (28.8) |
93.9 (34.4) |
96.6 (35.9) |
96.7 (35.9) |
96.8 (36.0) |
96.5 (35.8) |
95.1 (35.1) |
95.8 (35.4) |
94.4 (34.7) |
88.1 (31.2) |
82.2 (27.9) |
98.0 (36.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 60.4 (15.8) |
62.4 (16.9) |
67.7 (19.8) |
73.6 (23.1) |
78.7 (25.9) |
82.6 (28.1) |
84.2 (29.0) |
83.1 (28.4) |
80.6 (27.0) |
75.0 (23.9) |
68.0 (20.0) |
61.8 (16.6) |
73.2 (22.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 53.7 (12.1) |
55.4 (13.0) |
59.8 (15.4) |
64.8 (18.2) |
69.4 (20.8) |
73.7 (23.2) |
75.9 (24.4) |
75.1 (23.9) |
71.7 (22.1) |
66.5 (19.2) |
61.0 (16.1) |
55.5 (13.1) |
65.2 (18.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 47.1 (8.4) |
48.3 (9.1) |
51.8 (11.0) |
56.1 (13.4) |
60.1 (15.6) |
64.8 (18.2) |
67.5 (19.7) |
67.2 (19.6) |
62.8 (17.1) |
57.9 (14.4) |
53.9 (12.2) |
49.2 (9.6) |
57.2 (14.0) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 25.6 (−3.6) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
35.2 (1.8) |
41.4 (5.2) |
46.9 (8.3) |
51.3 (10.7) |
56.8 (13.8) |
57.1 (13.9) |
48.4 (9.1) |
43.3 (6.3) |
39.3 (4.1) |
28.7 (−1.8) |
20.2 (−6.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 3.9 (−15.6) |
6.6 (−14.1) |
13.9 (−10.1) |
24.4 (−4.2) |
36.5 (2.5) |
37.7 (3.2) |
46.0 (7.8) |
44.0 (6.7) |
34.3 (1.3) |
32.2 (0.1) |
16.4 (−8.7) |
6.5 (−14.2) |
3.9 (−15.6) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 6.40 (163) |
5.45 (138) |
5.96 (151) |
6.11 (155) |
5.55 (141) |
4.45 (113) |
4.01 (102) |
4.12 (105) |
3.97 (101) |
5.01 (127) |
7.05 (179) |
7.18 (182) |
65.26 (1,657) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.2 (0.51) |
0.1 (0.25) |
trace | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.5 (1.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.7 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 123.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.1 | 5.5 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 6.7 | 26.7 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source: NOAA[3][4][5][7], WRCC[6] and Weather Atlas[8] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Lodian capital city (North American version), 2181–2210 normals,[a][b] extremes 2128–2217 (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 90.8 (32.7) |
94.2 (34.6) |
99.0 (37.2) |
101.6 (38.7) |
106.0 (41.1) |
108.1 (42.3) |
109.0 (42.8) |
106.8 (41.6) |
106.0 (41.1) |
102.5 (39.2) |
96.8 (36.0) |
92.9 (33.8) |
109.0 (42.8) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 77.9 (25.5) |
79.3 (26.3) |
88.2 (31.2) |
92.9 (33.8) |
93.7 (34.3) |
95.8 (35.4) |
96.5 (35.8) |
96.3 (35.7) |
94.9 (34.9) |
91.8 (33.2) |
85.3 (29.6) |
78.7 (25.9) |
97.7 (36.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 60.4 (15.8) |
62.4 (16.9) |
67.7 (19.8) |
73.6 (23.1) |
78.7 (25.9) |
82.6 (28.1) |
84.2 (29.0) |
83.1 (28.4) |
80.6 (27.0) |
75.0 (23.9) |
68.0 (20.0) |
61.8 (16.6) |
73.2 (22.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 53.7 (12.1) |
55.4 (13.0) |
59.8 (15.4) |
64.8 (18.2) |
69.4 (20.8) |
73.7 (23.2) |
75.9 (24.4) |
75.1 (23.9) |
71.7 (22.1) |
66.5 (19.2) |
61.0 (16.1) |
55.5 (13.1) |
65.2 (18.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 47.1 (8.4) |
48.3 (9.1) |
51.8 (11.0) |
56.1 (13.4) |
60.1 (15.6) |
64.8 (18.2) |
67.5 (19.7) |
67.2 (19.6) |
62.8 (17.1) |
57.9 (14.4) |
53.9 (12.2) |
49.2 (9.6) |
57.2 (14.0) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 25.6 (−3.6) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
35.2 (1.8) |
41.4 (5.2) |
46.9 (8.3) |
51.3 (10.7) |
56.8 (13.8) |
57.1 (13.9) |
48.4 (9.1) |
43.3 (6.3) |
39.3 (4.1) |
28.7 (−1.8) |
20.2 (−6.6) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 3.9 (−15.6) |
6.6 (−14.1) |
13.9 (−10.1) |
24.4 (−4.2) |
36.5 (2.5) |
37.7 (3.2) |
46.0 (7.8) |
44.0 (6.7) |
34.3 (1.3) |
32.2 (0.1) |
16.4 (−8.7) |
6.5 (−14.2) |
3.9 (−15.6) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 6.40 (163) |
5.45 (138) |
5.96 (151) |
6.11 (155) |
5.55 (141) |
4.45 (113) |
4.01 (102) |
4.12 (105) |
3.97 (101) |
5.01 (127) |
7.05 (179) |
7.18 (182) |
65.26 (1,657) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.2 (0.51) |
0.1 (0.25) |
trace | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.5 (1.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.7 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 123.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.1 | 5.5 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 6.7 | 26.7 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source: NOAA[3][4][5][7], WRCC[6] and Weather Atlas[8] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Lodian capital city (Australian version), 2181–2210 normals,[a][b] extremes 2128–2217 (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 90.8 (32.7) |
94.2 (34.6) |
99.0 (37.2) |
101.6 (38.7) |
106.0 (41.1) |
108.1 (42.3) |
109.0 (42.8) |
106.8 (41.6) |
106.0 (41.1) |
102.5 (39.2) |
96.8 (36.0) |
92.9 (33.8) |
109.0 (42.8) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 77.9 (25.5) |
79.3 (26.3) |
88.2 (31.2) |
92.9 (33.8) |
93.7 (34.3) |
95.8 (35.4) |
96.5 (35.8) |
96.3 (35.7) |
94.9 (34.9) |
91.8 (33.2) |
85.3 (29.6) |
78.7 (25.9) |
100.4 (38.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 60.4 (15.8) |
62.4 (16.9) |
67.7 (19.8) |
73.6 (23.1) |
78.7 (25.9) |
82.6 (28.1) |
84.2 (29.0) |
83.1 (28.4) |
80.6 (27.0) |
75.0 (23.9) |
68.0 (20.0) |
61.8 (16.6) |
73.2 (22.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 53.7 (12.1) |
55.4 (13.0) |
59.8 (15.4) |
64.8 (18.2) |
69.4 (20.8) |
73.7 (23.2) |
75.9 (24.4) |
75.1 (23.9) |
71.7 (22.1) |
66.5 (19.2) |
61.0 (16.1) |
55.5 (13.1) |
65.2 (18.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 47.1 (8.4) |
48.3 (9.1) |
51.8 (11.0) |
56.1 (13.4) |
60.1 (15.6) |
64.8 (18.2) |
67.5 (19.7) |
67.2 (19.6) |
62.8 (17.1) |
57.9 (14.4) |
53.9 (12.2) |
49.2 (9.6) |
57.2 (14.0) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 31.9 (−0.1) |
34.8 (1.6) |
40.1 (4.5) |
44.9 (7.2) |
48.1 (8.9) |
53.5 (11.9) |
56.8 (13.8) |
57.5 (14.2) |
51.1 (10.6) |
45.0 (7.2) |
42.1 (5.6) |
34.6 (1.4) |
25.9 (−3.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 15.2 (−9.3) |
17.3 (−8.2) |
23.0 (−5.0) |
30.4 (−0.9) |
38.2 (3.4) |
41.2 (5.1) |
46.0 (7.8) |
44.7 (7.1) |
38.6 (3.7) |
34.7 (1.5) |
24.7 (−4.1) |
17.3 (−8.2) |
15.2 (−9.3) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 6.26 (159) |
5.33 (135) |
5.83 (148) |
5.97 (152) |
5.42 (138) |
4.35 (110) |
3.92 (100) |
4.03 (102) |
3.88 (99) |
4.90 (124) |
6.89 (175) |
7.02 (178) |
63.8 (1,620) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.2 (0.51) |
0.1 (0.25) |
trace | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0.5 (1.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 10.7 | 8.8 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 11.4 | 10.3 | 9.9 | 9.0 | 8.2 | 10.2 | 11.2 | 11.1 | 123.1 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 8.1 | 5.5 | 3.8 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 1.8 | 6.7 | 26.7 |
| Average ultraviolet index | 1 | 2 | 4 | 6 | 7 | 9 | 9 | 8 | 6 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 5 |
| Source: NOAA[3][4][5][7], WRCC[6] and Weather Atlas[8] | |||||||||||||
- ^ a b c d Mean monthly maxima and minima (i.e. the expected highest and lowest temperature readings at any point during the year or given month) calculated based on data at said location from 1981 to 2010.
- ^ a b c d Official records for Chicago were kept at various locations in downtown from January 1871 to 31 December 1925, University of Chicago from 1 January 1926 to 30 June 1942, Midway Airport from 1 July 1942 to 16 January 1980, and at O'Hare Airport since 17 January 1980.[1][2]
- ^ History of the Chicago and Rockford weather observation sites
- ^ ThreadEx
- ^ a b c d "Station Name: IL CHICAGO MIDWAY AP". National Climatic Data Center. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c d "NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data". NWS Romeoville, IL. Retrieved 2016-04-18.
- ^ a b c d "Top 20 Weather Events of the Century for Chicago and Northeast Illinois 1900–1999". NWS Romeoville, IL. Retrieved 2014-06-16.
- ^ a b c d "CHICAGO MIDWAY AP 3 SW, ILLINOIS". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved 2014-06-12.
- ^ a b c "NOWData – NOAA Online Weather Data". Chicago Weather Forecast Office. Retrieved 2019-01-06.
- ^ a b c d.o.o, Yu Media Group. "Chicago, IL - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast". Weather Atlas. Retrieved 2019-06-29.
Wind River weatherbox
Based on: Grande Prairie (framework), Odessa, Texas:
| Climate data for Wind River, 2214−2244 extremes and normals (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 33.9 | 34.9 | 36.5 | 41.6 | 43.3 | 44.8 | 50.2 | 46.6 | 46.3 | 40.4 | 34.5 | 34.6 | 50.2 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 35.6 (96.1) |
36.6 (97.9) |
37.0 (98.6) |
42.4 (108.3) |
44.1 (111.4) |
44.5 (112.1) |
45.0 (113.0) |
44.5 (112.1) |
43.5 (110.3) |
42.2 (108.0) |
39.5 (103.1) |
35.8 (96.4) |
45.0 (113.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 22.6 (72.7) |
23.9 (75.0) |
26.1 (79.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
32.6 (90.7) |
34.1 (93.4) |
34.9 (94.8) |
34.5 (94.1) |
32.5 (90.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
25.1 (77.2) |
23.4 (74.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.2 (61.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.7 (67.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
25.9 (78.6) |
27.5 (81.5) |
28.3 (82.9) |
27.9 (82.2) |
25.9 (78.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
19.0 (66.2) |
17.1 (62.8) |
22.6 (72.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.8 (49.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
13.5 (56.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
19.5 (67.1) |
21.5 (70.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
21.6 (70.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
17.1 (62.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
10.8 (51.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −1.1 (30.0) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
1.5 (34.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
10.9 (51.6) |
12.4 (54.3) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.5 (54.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
4.6 (40.3) |
2.1 (35.8) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
| Record low wind chill | −13.4 | −10.9 | −8.8 | −5.5 | 3.5 | 11.4 | 14.1 | 12.1 | 6.5 | 2.4 | −7.6 | −8.8 | −13.4 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29.9 (1.18) |
16.4 (0.65) |
16.9 (0.67) |
19.8 (0.78) |
41.0 (1.61) |
75.9 (2.99) |
76.1 (3.00) |
55.8 (2.20) |
43.0 (1.69) |
26.0 (1.02) |
25.4 (1.00) |
18.9 (0.74) |
445.1 (17.53) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 29.9 (1.18) |
16.4 (0.65) |
16.9 (0.67) |
19.8 (0.78) |
41.0 (1.61) |
75.9 (2.99) |
76.1 (3.00) |
55.8 (2.20) |
43.0 (1.69) |
26.0 (1.02) |
25.4 (1.00) |
18.9 (0.74) |
445.1 (17.53) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | trace | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
trace |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 11.7 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 10.5 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 9.1 | 128.4 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 11.67 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.6 | 10.5 | 13.2 | 13.3 | 11.8 | 11.7 | 10.7 | 11.3 | 9.1 | 128.37 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 0.03 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.03 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 77.8 | 106.2 | 172.1 | 231.0 | 276.0 | 295.2 | 307.7 | 272.4 | 172.5 | 134.5 | 78.9 | 73.5 | 2,197.8 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 32.1 | 39.1 | 47.0 | 54.6 | 55.1 | 56.9 | 59.1 | 58.7 | 45.0 | 41.3 | 31.2 | 32.7 | 46.1 |
| Source: Environment Canada[1][2][3][4] | |||||||||||||
El Desierto de La geography section (very WIP)
Based on: Iqaluit (body text and Weather box "shell"), warmest and driest monthly figures in Nunavut (Weather box data).
.jpg?lang=en)
El Desierto de La is located in the Everett Mountains rising from Koojesse (Kuujussi) Inlet, an inlet of Frobisher Bay, on the southeast part of Baffin Island. It is well to the east of Nunavut's mainland, and northeast of Hudson Bay.
Climate
.jpg?lang=en)
El Desierto de La has a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen: BSk) that is thermally subarctic typical of the Arctic region, although it is well outside the Arctic Circle. The city features very long, cold winters and brief summers that are too cool to permit the growth of trees. Although it is north of the tree line, there are still shrubs, which are woody plants. These include the Arctic willow (Salix arctica) which is hard to recognize as a tree because of its low height. The permafrost does not allow the taproot to get deeper than 150 mm (6 in) so this does not allow vertical growth. The Arctic willow may be up to around 7.6 m (25 ft) horizontally, but only 150 mm (6 in) tall. Average monthly temperatures are below freezing for eight months of the year.[2] Iqaluit averages just over 400 mm (16 in) of precipitation annually, much wetter than many other localities in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, with the summer being the wettest season. Temperatures of the winter months are comparable to other northern communities further west on the continent such as Yellowknife and to some extent even Fairbanks, even though El Desierto de La is a few degrees colder than the latter. Summer temperatures are, however, much colder due to its easterly maritime position affected by the waters of the cold Baffin Island Current. This means that the tree line is much further south in the eastern part of Canada, being as southbound, in spite of low elevation, as northern Labrador.[5]
In comparison, the climate of El Desierto de La is severely cold compared to Gulf Stream locations on the same latitude. For example, the Norwegian city of Trondheim has an annual mean temperature 16 °C (29 °F) milder.
The highest temperature ever recorded in El Desierto de La was 34.9 °C (95 °F) on 21 July 2208.[6] The lowest temperature ever recorded was −40.7 °C (−41 °F) on 7 March 2167.[7]
| Climate data for El Desierto de La AeroSpaceport, 2181–2210 normals, extremes 2146–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | 3.3 | 5.2 | 4.3 | 5.1 | 13.3 | 21.7 | 27.8 | 27.6 | 18.8 | 8.6 | 4.8 | 3.4 | 27.8 |
| Record high °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
5.7 (42.3) |
4.2 (39.6) |
11.7 (53.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
32.5 (90.5) |
34.9 (94.8) |
30.9 (87.6) |
26.1 (79.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
5.0 (41.0) |
34.9 (94.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −21.0 (−5.8) |
−21.0 (−5.8) |
−16.0 (3.2) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
1.0 (33.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.0 (59.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −24.5 (−12.1) |
−24.5 (−12.1) |
−20.4 (−4.7) |
−12.1 (10.2) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
6.5 (43.7) |
12.5 (54.5) |
11.2 (52.2) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −28.0 (−18.4) |
−28.0 (−18.4) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.3 (45.1) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−14.0 (6.8) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−10.6 (12.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −38.9 (−38.0) |
−40.6 (−41.1) |
−40.7 (−41.3) |
−32.8 (−27.0) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−39.2 (−38.6) |
−40.7 (−41.3) |
| Record low wind chill | −64.0 | −65.6 | −62.1 | −53.1 | −36.0 | −18.8 | −7.2 | −8.6 | −18.6 | −42.9 | −56.8 | −60.1 | −65.6 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 2.2 (0.09) |
2.4 (0.09) |
2.2 (0.09) |
3.7 (0.15) |
3.1 (0.12) |
8.2 (0.32) |
15.3 (0.60) |
16.1 (0.63) |
9.5 (0.37) |
7.6 (0.30) |
4.1 (0.16) |
3.0 (0.12) |
77.4 (3.04) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.2 (0.01) |
3.1 (0.12) |
23.8 (0.94) |
51.9 (2.04) |
68.6 (2.70) |
42.2 (1.66) |
6.8 (0.27) |
0.6 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
197.2 (7.76) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 21.7 (8.5) |
21.0 (8.3) |
21.6 (8.5) |
31.5 (12.4) |
27.6 (10.9) |
9.3 (3.7) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.9 (0.4) |
13.2 (5.2) |
29.4 (11.6) |
29.7 (11.7) |
23.4 (9.2) |
229.3 (90.3) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 11.4 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 12.0 | 10.9 | 12.5 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 14.0 | 13.2 | 12.2 | 152.2 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 7.4 | 12.7 | 16.7 | 10.6 | 2.2 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 51.6 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 12.2 | 11.6 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 12.0 | 3.9 | 0.1 | 0.5 | 7.2 | 13.7 | 13.8 | 12.3 | 113.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 15:00 LST) | 65.3 | 64.6 | 65.4 | 72.8 | 76.4 | 72.6 | 69.4 | 72.6 | 75.6 | 78.1 | 76.6 | 71.5 | 71.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 32.4 | 94.0 | 172.2 | 216.5 | 180.5 | 200.2 | 236.8 | 156.8 | 87.9 | 51.4 | 35.6 | 12.6 | 1,476.8 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 18.5 | 39.0 | 47.4 | 48.2 | 31.9 | 32.5 | 39.3 | 31.0 | 22.4 | 16.8 | 17.7 | 8.9 | 29.5 |
| Source: Environment Canada[6][7][8][9][10][11] | |||||||||||||
Lake Vostok weatherbox (WIP)
Based on: Template: Vostok Station weatherbox, extrapolating from that elevation to the level of Lake Vostok with the maximum dry adiabatic lapse rate.
| Climate data for Lake Vostok | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 25.1 (77.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.1 (43.0) |
1.1 (34.0) |
6.1 (43.0) |
5.0 (41.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
4.8 (40.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
25.0 (77.0) |
25.1 (77.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.1 (53.8) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−13.8 (7.2) |
−22.0 (−7.6) |
−22.9 (−9.2) |
−21.5 (−6.7) |
−23.3 (−9.9) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−22.5 (−8.5) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
1.9 (35.4) |
12.0 (53.6) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.9 (44.4) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
−25.6 (−14.1) |
−27.3 (−17.1) |
−28.6 (−19.5) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−18.2 (−0.8) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
6.6 (43.9) |
−16.0 (3.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.6 (34.9) |
−10.9 (12.4) |
−22.7 (−8.9) |
−28.7 (−19.7) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−29.8 (−21.6) |
−31.3 (−24.3) |
−32.4 (−26.3) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−24.0 (−11.2) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
1.1 (34.0) |
−20.7 (−5.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −17.3 (0.9) |
−24.9 (−12.8) |
−35.9 (−32.6) |
−46.9 (−52.4) |
−42.1 (−43.8) |
−44.7 (−48.5) |
−50.1 (−58.2) |
−49.2 (−56.6) |
−46.8 (−52.2) |
−37.0 (−34.6) |
−24.8 (−12.6) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−50.1 (−58.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1.0 (0.04) |
0.7 (0.03) |
2.0 (0.08) |
2.4 (0.09) |
2.8 (0.11) |
2.5 (0.10) |
2.2 (0.09) |
2.3 (0.09) |
2.4 (0.09) |
1.9 (0.07) |
1.1 (0.04) |
0.7 (0.03) |
22 (0.86) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70.1 | 68.6 | 66.2 | 64.7 | 64.7 | 65.5 | 65.7 | 65.8 | 66.2 | 67.4 | 68.7 | 69.8 | 67.0 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 696.4 | 566.8 | 347.3 | 76.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 203.4 | 480.2 | 682.3 | 708.8 | 3,761.5 |
| Source 1: [12] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Pogoda.ru.net (records only except for August record low),[13] (August record low)[14] | |||||||||||||
Yānian Khardung La weatherbox (WIP)
| Climate data for Yānian Khardung La | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
17.9 (64.2) |
23.9 (75.0) |
29.9 (85.8) |
35.9 (96.6) |
35.9 (96.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
20.9 (69.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
10.9 (51.6) |
21.3 (70.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −7.1 (19.2) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
3.9 (39.0) |
13.9 (57.0) |
19.9 (67.8) |
22.9 (73.2) |
22.9 (73.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
10.9 (51.6) |
3.9 (39.0) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 29 (1.1) |
41 (1.6) |
53 (2.1) |
38 (1.5) |
28 (1.1) |
9 (0.4) |
9 (0.4) |
8 (0.3) |
8 (0.3) |
8 (0.3) |
13 (0.5) |
22 (0.9) |
266 (10.5) |
| Source: [15] | |||||||||||||
It's a Great Big Beautiful Tomorrow Bakersfield Climate section and weatherbox
Based on: Bakerfield, California (base), list of Arizona hurricanes and list of California hurricanes (tropical/Cahuilla-induced moisture effects).
Although the region hosts abundant vegetation due to the hydrology of the Tulare Basin, Bakersfield has a hot semi-arid climate (Köppen BSh) falling just outside a hot desert climate (Köppen BWh),[16] with long, hot, dry summers, and brief, cool, slightly moist winters. Bakersfield enjoys more clear days than the majority of the U.S. (averaging 191 days a year).[17] Bakersfield's long summers give the region a climate suitable for growing a variety of crops (ranging from carrots to citrus, almonds, and pistachios). Rainfall is low in the city, however, averaging only 7.43 in or 189 mm annually, mostly falling during winter and spring, with, since 1959, a secondary peak in late summer due to moisture from distant Lake Cahuilla coming from the southeast. On rare occasions, the remnants of Gulf of California-crossing Pacific hurricanes intensified by the lake deposit light to moderate rainfall on the city, with 1.0 inch (25.4 mm) recorded during Hurricane Kathleen in 1976 and 0.76 inches (19.3 mm) during Hurricane Nora in 1997.
Summers are very hot with extended stretches of hot weather and 108 days per year above 90 °F or 32.2 °C (on average between April 19 and October 12);[18] in addition, 33 days are above 100 °F or 37.8 °C from May to September, and a handful of days each summer can be expected to top 110 °F or 43.3 °C.[18] Winters feature mild daytime temperatures, although frost can occasionally occur, often coming with dense tule fog and low visibility, causing many schools to have fog delays as long as 3 hours. The official time frame for tule fog to form is from November 1 to March 31.[19] On average, 12 mornings have freezing lows (on average between December 13 and January 26) annually,[18] and the coldest night of the year typically bottoms out below 30 °F or −1.1 °C.[20]
Snow is rare on the valley floor.[21] The last time it snowed was on January 25, 1999, when the city received 6 inches or 0.15 metres.[22] The record maximum temperature was 118 °F (47.8 °C) on July 28, 1908, and the record minimum temperature was 11 °F (−11.7 °C) on January 3, 1908.[23] The most rainfall in one month was 5.82 inches (147.8 mm) in December 2010,[24] and the maximum 24-hour rainfall was 2.29 inches (58.2 mm) on February 9, 1978.[25] The wettest “rain year” has been from July 1997 to June 1998 with 16.97 inches (431.0 mm) and the driest from July 1933 to June 1934 with 2.26 inches (57.4 mm).[18]
| Climate data for Bakersfield, California (1981–2010 normals) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 82 (28) |
88 (31) |
94 (34) |
101 (38) |
110 (43) |
114 (46) |
118 (48) |
117 (47) |
112 (44) |
104 (40) |
95 (35) |
87 (31) |
118 (48) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 56.2 (13.4) |
62.8 (17.1) |
68.7 (20.4) |
75.0 (23.9) |
83.5 (28.6) |
90.9 (32.7) |
97.1 (36.2) |
95.8 (35.4) |
90.0 (32.2) |
79.4 (26.3) |
65.7 (18.7) |
56.6 (13.7) |
76.8 (24.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.8 (8.8) |
52.6 (11.4) |
57.6 (14.2) |
62.6 (17.0) |
70.5 (21.4) |
77.5 (25.3) |
83.8 (28.8) |
82.4 (28.0) |
77.0 (25.0) |
67.2 (19.6) |
55.1 (12.8) |
47.8 (8.8) |
65.1 (18.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 39.3 (4.1) |
42.4 (5.8) |
46.5 (8.1) |
50.2 (10.1) |
57.5 (14.2) |
64.2 (17.9) |
70.5 (21.4) |
69.0 (20.6) |
64.0 (17.8) |
55.0 (12.8) |
44.6 (7.0) |
39.0 (3.9) |
53.5 (11.9) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 12 (−11) |
20 (−7) |
20 (−7) |
28 (−2) |
34 (1) |
38 (3) |
45 (7) |
44 (7) |
30 (−1) |
29 (−2) |
22 (−6) |
13 (−11) |
12 (−11) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.15 (29) |
1.23 (31) |
1.21 (31) |
.52 (13) |
.18 (4.6) |
.14 (3.6) |
.09 (2.3) |
.26 (6.6) |
.53 (13) |
.46 (12) |
.64 (16) |
1.02 (26) |
7.43 (188.1) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.1 (0.25) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.7 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 1.3 | .5 | 1.6 | 2.1 | 1.8 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 42.8 |
| Source: NOAA (extremes 1893–present)[18] | |||||||||||||
Cooler Death Valley weatherbox (WIP)
Based on: Synthesis of highest valid average highs and lows recorded for each month.
| Climate data for Death Valley (Furnace Creek Station) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 87 (31) |
97 (36) |
102 (39) |
113 (45) |
122 (50) |
129 (54) |
134 (57) |
127 (53) |
123 (51) |
113 (45) |
98 (37) |
89 (32) |
134 (57) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 77.0 (25.0) |
83.9 (28.8) |
93.4 (34.1) |
103.4 (39.7) |
112.1 (44.5) |
120.4 (49.1) |
123.7 (50.9) |
121.9 (49.9) |
116.0 (46.7) |
104.2 (40.1) |
88.8 (31.6) |
77.0 (25.0) |
124.5 (51.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 50.6 (10.3) |
65.5 (18.6) |
71.7 (22.1) |
78.7 (25.9) |
88.1 (31.2) |
102.4 (39.1) |
110.6 (43.7) |
107.4 (41.9) |
97.7 (36.5) |
79.4 (26.3) |
65.7 (18.7) |
56.5 (13.6) |
81.2 (27.3) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 38.6 (3.7) |
49.1 (9.5) |
57.2 (14.0) |
63.4 (17.4) |
72.9 (22.7) |
84.2 (29.0) |
95.1 (35.1) |
91.0 (32.8) |
79.9 (26.6) |
61.3 (16.3) |
51.1 (10.6) |
41.7 (5.4) |
65.5 (18.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 26.6 (−3.0) |
32.8 (0.4) |
42.7 (5.9) |
48.2 (9.0) |
57.7 (14.3) |
66.0 (18.9) |
79.6 (26.4) |
74.7 (23.7) |
62.2 (16.8) |
43.2 (6.2) |
36.6 (2.6) |
26.9 (−2.8) |
49.8 (9.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 28.4 (−2.0) |
34.4 (1.3) |
41.4 (5.2) |
48.7 (9.3) |
56.6 (13.7) |
65.4 (18.6) |
75.7 (24.3) |
73.5 (23.1) |
62.7 (17.1) |
48.8 (9.3) |
35.5 (1.9) |
28.8 (−1.8) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 15 (−9) |
20 (−7) |
26 (−3) |
35 (2) |
42 (6) |
49 (9) |
62 (17) |
65 (18) |
41 (5) |
32 (0) |
24 (−4) |
19 (−7) |
15 (−9) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.39 (9.9) |
0.51 (13) |
0.30 (7.6) |
0.12 (3.0) |
0.03 (0.76) |
0.05 (1.3) |
0.07 (1.8) |
0.13 (3.3) |
0.21 (5.3) |
0.07 (1.8) |
0.18 (4.6) |
0.30 (7.6) |
2.36 (60) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217 | 226 | 279 | 330 | 372 | 390 | 403 | 372 | 330 | 310 | 210 | 186 | 3,625 |
| Source 1: NOAA 1981–2010 US Climate Normals[26] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: weather2travel | |||||||||||||
Hotter Death Valley weatherbox (WIP)
Based on: Synthesis of highest valid average highs and lows recorded for each month.
| Climate data for Death Valley (Furnace Creek Station) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 87 (31) |
97 (36) |
102 (39) |
113 (45) |
122 (50) |
129 (54) |
134 (57) |
127 (53) |
123 (51) |
113 (45) |
98 (37) |
89 (32) |
134 (57) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 77.0 (25.0) |
83.9 (28.8) |
93.4 (34.1) |
103.4 (39.7) |
112.1 (44.5) |
120.4 (49.1) |
123.7 (50.9) |
121.9 (49.9) |
116.0 (46.7) |
104.2 (40.1) |
88.8 (31.6) |
77.0 (25.0) |
124.5 (51.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 74.3 (23.5) |
81.8 (27.7) |
90.5 (32.5) |
98.8 (37.1) |
107.6 (42.0) |
115.9 (46.6) |
121.3 (49.6) |
118.4 (48.0) |
111.3 (44.1) |
101.1 (38.4) |
83.5 (28.6) |
72.1 (22.3) |
98.1 (36.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 60.3 (15.7) |
67.6 (19.8) |
75.0 (23.9) |
83.3 (28.5) |
92.6 (33.7) |
101.8 (38.8) |
108.5 (42.5) |
106.7 (41.5) |
96.3 (35.7) |
84.6 (29.2) |
67.6 (19.8) |
59.0 (15.0) |
83.6 (28.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 46.3 (7.9) |
53.4 (11.9) |
59.5 (15.3) |
67.7 (19.8) |
77.6 (25.3) |
87.7 (30.9) |
95.7 (35.4) |
94.9 (34.9) |
81.2 (27.3) |
68.1 (20.1) |
51.7 (10.9) |
45.8 (7.7) |
69.1 (20.6) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 28.4 (−2.0) |
34.4 (1.3) |
41.4 (5.2) |
48.7 (9.3) |
56.6 (13.7) |
65.4 (18.6) |
75.7 (24.3) |
73.5 (23.1) |
62.7 (17.1) |
48.8 (9.3) |
35.5 (1.9) |
28.8 (−1.8) |
26.3 (−3.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 15 (−9) |
20 (−7) |
26 (−3) |
35 (2) |
42 (6) |
49 (9) |
62 (17) |
65 (18) |
41 (5) |
32 (0) |
24 (−4) |
19 (−7) |
15 (−9) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.39 (9.9) |
0.51 (13) |
0.30 (7.6) |
0.12 (3.0) |
0.03 (0.76) |
0.05 (1.3) |
0.07 (1.8) |
0.13 (3.3) |
0.21 (5.3) |
0.07 (1.8) |
0.18 (4.6) |
0.30 (7.6) |
2.36 (60) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217 | 226 | 279 | 330 | 372 | 390 | 403 | 372 | 330 | 310 | 210 | 186 | 3,625 |
| Source 1: NOAA 1981–2010 US Climate Normals[28] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: weather2travel | |||||||||||||
White Sands up to 0 °C July record low weatherbox
| Climate data for White Sands up to 0 °C July record low | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 62 (17) |
69 (21) |
75 (24) |
81 (27) |
88 (31) |
95 (35) |
94 (34) |
91 (33) |
88 (31) |
81 (27) |
69 (21) |
62 (17) |
95 (35) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 54.1 (12.3) |
59.6 (15.3) |
67.2 (19.6) |
73.8 (23.2) |
81.7 (27.6) |
89.2 (31.8) |
88.9 (31.6) |
86.0 (30.0) |
81.8 (27.7) |
73.9 (23.3) |
62.5 (16.9) |
54.3 (12.4) |
89.8 (32.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 41.2 (5.1) |
46.9 (8.3) |
54.5 (12.5) |
63.5 (17.5) |
72.1 (22.3) |
81.0 (27.2) |
81.2 (27.3) |
78.6 (25.9) |
73.0 (22.8) |
62.9 (17.2) |
50.0 (10.0) |
40.7 (4.8) |
62.1 (16.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 23.7 (−4.6) |
28.3 (−2.1) |
34.9 (1.6) |
43.5 (6.4) |
52.3 (11.3) |
61.8 (16.6) |
64.6 (18.1) |
62.2 (16.8) |
55.6 (13.1) |
44.0 (6.7) |
31.0 (−0.6) |
23.2 (−4.9) |
43.8 (6.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 6.2 (−14.3) |
9.7 (−12.4) |
15.4 (−9.2) |
23.6 (−4.7) |
32.6 (0.3) |
42.6 (5.9) |
48.1 (8.9) |
45.8 (7.7) |
38.2 (3.4) |
25.1 (−3.8) |
12.0 (−11.1) |
5.7 (−14.6) |
25.4 (−3.7) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −9.1 (−22.8) |
−5.2 (−20.7) |
−0.7 (−18.2) |
8.2 (−13.2) |
17.3 (−8.2) |
29.8 (−1.2) |
39.7 (4.3) |
38.1 (3.4) |
26.1 (−3.3) |
10.7 (−11.8) |
−3.2 (−19.6) |
−8.9 (−22.7) |
−13.5 (−25.3) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −41 (−41) |
−30 (−34) |
−16 (−27) |
0 (−18) |
4 (−16) |
20 (−7) |
32 (0) |
29 (−2) |
18 (−8) |
−3 (−19) |
−28 (−33) |
−24 (−31) |
−41 (−41) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.96 (24) |
0.72 (18) |
0.52 (13) |
0.55 (14) |
0.67 (17) |
1.26 (32) |
2.32 (59) |
3.06 (78) |
2.26 (57) |
1.68 (43) |
0.81 (21) |
1.27 (32) |
16.08 (408) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.8 (2.0) |
0.3 (0.76) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
1.0 (2.5) |
2.4 (6.02) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 3 | 3 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 7 | 5 | 4 | 2 | 3 | 42 |
| Source: Western Regional Climate Center (normals and extremes 1939-present)[30] | |||||||||||||
Peacekeeper Valley Climate section and weatherbox
Based on: Dallol, Ethiopia, In Salah (sunshine data)
_(869646677).jpg?lang=en)
Peacekeeper Valley features an extreme version of a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh) typical of the subtropical Whitewastes of Yān, only escaping a broad hyperthermal desert climate (Extended Köppen climate classification HdBWh) due to extremely low humidity. Despite temperatures that would be considered exceptional on other habitable planets such as Earth or Celicia, it is relatively mild for Yān, with a year-round average temperature near to that of the global average, the station recording 44 °C (111.2 °F) between the Earth tropical years 2160 and 2166. The annual average high temperature is 50.5 °C (122.9 °F) and the hottest pseudo-month has an average high of 56 °C (132.8 °F). The hottest temperature recorded at the station was 65.1 °C (149.2 °F) on pseudo-June 52, 2161.
In addition to being staggeringly hot year-round, the climate of the lowlands of the valley is also extremely dry and hyper-arid; less than a dozen Yānian haí'ian days record measurable precipitation per year. In contrast, although similarly torrid, windward slopes on the other (eastern) side of the valley receive massive amounts of precipitation exceeding 550 inches (13,970 mm) per Earth year in some areas, nourishing local stormwoods.
The constant extreme heat of Peacekeeper Valley is particularly due to the proximity with the even more extreme tropics and the Great Dividing Sea, the very low seasonality impact, and the lack of efficient nighttime cooling, amplified by the roughly 10 hour rotation period of Yān.
| Climate data for Peacekeeper Valley, 2160-2166 normals (months correspond to 21-22 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 45.4 (113.7) |
45.4 (113.7) |
48.2 (118.8) |
49.9 (121.8) |
53.7 (128.7) |
56.0 (132.8) |
54.9 (130.8) |
54.3 (129.7) |
52.1 (125.8) |
51.0 (123.8) |
48.7 (119.7) |
46.0 (114.8) |
50.5 (122.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 39.6 (103.3) |
39.8 (103.6) |
41.8 (107.2) |
43.2 (109.8) |
46.7 (116.1) |
47.9 (118.2) |
48.0 (118.4) |
46.9 (116.4) |
46.6 (115.9) |
44.9 (112.8) |
42.5 (108.5) |
40.1 (104.2) |
44.0 (111.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 33.9 (93.0) |
33.9 (93.0) |
35.3 (95.5) |
36.4 (97.5) |
37.8 (100.0) |
39.7 (103.5) |
41.1 (105.9) |
40.4 (104.7) |
40.8 (105.5) |
38.9 (102.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
35.0 (95.0) |
37.5 (99.4) |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 130.7 | 132.2 | 135.4 | 138.5 | 140.1 | 141.7 | 143.3 | 141.7 | 140.1 | 135.4 | 138.5 | 129.1 | 137.2 |
| Source: [31] [32] | |||||||||||||
Edge-of-the-Prairie weatherbox
Based on: Taloyoak:
| Climate data for Edge-of-the-Prairie (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high humidex | −1.6 | −4.1 | 2.4 | 7.9 | 12.4 | 26.8 | 33.3 | 28.8 | 16.8 | 10.4 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 33.3 |
| Record high °C (°F) | −1.3 (29.7) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.0 (46.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
28.3 (82.9) |
33.3 (91.9) |
28.1 (82.6) |
17.6 (63.7) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
33.3 (91.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −23.6 (−10.5) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−17.2 (1.0) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
21.4 (70.5) |
16.1 (61.0) |
6.9 (44.4) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−18.1 (−0.6) |
−3.5 (25.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −27.0 (−16.6) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
−21.3 (−6.3) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
17.1 (62.8) |
12.8 (55.0) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−15.3 (4.5) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−7.1 (19.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −30.3 (−22.5) |
−30.1 (−22.2) |
−25.4 (−13.7) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
5.2 (41.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−18.8 (−1.8) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−10.7 (12.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −42.3 (−44.1) |
−42.2 (−44.0) |
−38.8 (−37.8) |
−30.0 (−22.0) |
−20.9 (−5.6) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
7.2 (45.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
−26.8 (−16.2) |
−33.2 (−27.8) |
−38.8 (−37.8) |
−42.3 (−44.1) |
| Record low wind chill | −59.9 | −61.3 | −58.1 | −46.5 | −28.8 | −14.6 | 4.8 | −3.8 | −17.7 | −44.4 | −47.5 | −53.0 | −61.3 |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 8.4 (0.33) |
6.1 (0.24) |
8.6 (0.34) |
9.8 (0.39) |
12.8 (0.50) |
16.7 (0.66) |
23.1 (0.91) |
30.5 (1.20) |
25.6 (1.01) |
22.7 (0.89) |
12.7 (0.50) |
10.6 (0.42) |
187.6 (7.39) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.0 (0.04) |
9.3 (0.37) |
16.2 (0.64) |
23.1 (0.91) |
30.5 (1.20) |
25.1 (0.99) |
12.3 (0.48) |
0.4 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
117.9 (4.65) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 8.8 (3.5) |
9.2 (3.6) |
10.2 (4.0) |
9.5 (3.7) |
3.5 (1.4) |
0.5 (0.2) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.6 (0.2) |
10.7 (4.2) |
14.4 (5.7) |
12.0 (4.7) |
79.4 (31.2) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 11.4 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 11.0 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 101.3 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 4.4 | 5.8 | 7.6 | 11.0 | 9.0 | 4.5 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 43 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 11.4 | 7.2 | 7.3 | 6.4 | 2.7 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 5.7 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 58.3 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 74.6 | 73.8 | 72.3 | 77.9 | 83.7 | 80.2 | 67.2 | 72.9 | 82.4 | 86.2 | 79.2 | 76.6 | 77.2 |
| Source: Climate Normals 2214–2244[7] | |||||||||||||
Comodoro Rivadavia Climate to be edited
Comodoro Rivadavia features a cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk). While the city receives less than 250 mm of rain annually, its relatively low evapotranspiration rate causes it to fall under this climate category. Summer is relatively hot and dry with an average temperature of 19.9 °C (67.8 °F) in January.[33] Winter is mild with an average temperature of 6.8 °C (44.2 °F) in July.[33] Precipitation is low, though the winter months receive more precipitation than in summer.
- Average temperatures: Annual 12.8 °C
- Maximum Average: January 25.6 °C
- Minimum Average: July 2.8 °C
- Predominant winds: W, SW
- Precipitations: Average annual 238.7 mm
- Month of Maximum Precipitations: May
- Fog: 4 days/year
| Climate data for Comodoro Rivadavia (General Enrique Mosconi International Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1931–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 40.2 (104.4) |
39.5 (103.1) |
39.2 (102.6) |
31.6 (88.9) |
26.3 (79.3) |
22.6 (72.7) |
22.8 (73.0) |
24.7 (76.5) |
29.7 (85.5) |
32.0 (89.6) |
35.5 (95.9) |
38.6 (101.5) |
40.2 (104.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 26.1 (79.0) |
25.0 (77.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.2 (57.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
10.8 (51.4) |
12.8 (55.0) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.8 (65.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
24.5 (76.1) |
18.5 (65.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.3 (61.3) |
13.1 (55.6) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.9 (44.4) |
6.6 (43.9) |
7.9 (46.2) |
10.1 (50.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
15.9 (60.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) |
12.9 (55.2) |
10.9 (51.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
5.5 (41.9) |
3.1 (37.6) |
2.7 (36.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
7.5 (45.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
12.1 (53.8) |
7.9 (46.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 3.9 (39.0) |
2.6 (36.7) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 11.6 (0.46) |
14.4 (0.57) |
18.2 (0.72) |
25.4 (1.00) |
37.4 (1.47) |
35.9 (1.41) |
23.4 (0.92) |
20.1 (0.79) |
20.1 (0.79) |
16.4 (0.65) |
14.5 (0.57) |
10.1 (0.40) |
247.5 (9.74) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.9 | 3.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 | 6.9 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 4.6 | 3.9 | 61.8 |
| Average snowy days | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 2 | 2 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 37.9 | 42.7 | 47.2 | 49.4 | 57.3 | 60.1 | 57.2 | 54.2 | 51.5 | 45.9 | 40.8 | 38.9 | 48.6 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 241.8 | 218.4 | 182.9 | 147.0 | 127.1 | 114.0 | 114.7 | 136.4 | 150.0 | 195.3 | 234.0 | 235.6 | 2,097.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 51 | 55 | 47 | 45 | 43 | 43 | 41 | 42 | 42 | 47 | 53 | 49 | 47 |
| Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[34] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun 1961–1990),[18] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[35] Secretaria de Mineria (November record high, and April, May, July, and August record lows only),[36] UNLP (snowfall data)[37] | |||||||||||||
Merced Climate to be edited
Merced has a humid subtropical climate.[38] Average January temperatures are a maximum of 54.9 °F (12.7 °C) and a minimum of 36.0 °F (2.2 °C). Average July temperatures are a maximum of 88.5 °F (31.4 °C) and a minimum of 69.6 °F (20.9 °C). There are an average of 98.7 days with highs of 80 °F (27 °C) or higher and an average of 33.6 days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower. The record highest temperature of 114 °F (46 °C) was recorded on July 24, 1902, and August 8, 1905. The record lowest temperature of 13 °F (−11 °C) was recorded on January 13, 2007.
Most of the rainfall occurs during the winter and averages 24.42 inches (620 mm) annually. There are an average of 96 days annually with measurable precipitation. The wettest year was 1998 with 43.32 inches (1,100 mm) and the driest year was 1947 with 11.0 inches (280 mm). The most rainfall in one month was 8.03 inches (204 mm) in January 1909. The most rainfall in 24 hours was 2.21 inches (56 mm), which occurred on January 30, 1911, and March 9, 1911. Although snow is relatively rare in Merced, averaging only 0.6-inch (15 mm) annually, the city's proximity to the Sierra Nevada has resulted in some instances of remarkably heavy snowfall. The record 24-hour snowfall was 14.0 inches (36 cm) on February 16, 1946. The most snowfall in one month was 41.1 inches (104 cm) in December 1906.[30]
| Climate data for Merced, California (1899 - 2016) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 77 (25) |
84 (29) |
88 (31) |
98 (37) |
109 (43) |
111 (44) |
114 (46) |
114 (46) |
110 (43) |
102 (39) |
91 (33) |
76 (24) |
114 (46) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 54.9 (12.7) |
60.6 (15.9) |
64.9 (18.3) |
71.8 (22.1) |
78.4 (25.8) |
84.7 (29.3) |
88.5 (31.4) |
87.6 (30.9) |
83.1 (28.4) |
75.7 (24.3) |
64.7 (18.2) |
56.8 (13.8) |
72.6 (22.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 36.0 (2.2) |
39.7 (4.3) |
43.5 (6.4) |
47.4 (8.6) |
54.8 (12.7) |
62.5 (16.9) |
69.6 (20.9) |
66.7 (19.3) |
61.7 (16.5) |
51.3 (10.7) |
41.1 (5.1) |
34.6 (1.4) |
50.7 (10.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 13 (−11) |
20 (−7) |
20 (−7) |
22 (−6) |
30 (−1) |
37 (3) |
39 (4) |
35 (2) |
32 (0) |
28 (−2) |
21 (−6) |
15 (−9) |
13 (−11) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.47 (63) |
2.19 (56) |
2.11 (54) |
1.69 (43) |
1.81 (46) |
1.99 (51) |
2.47 (63) |
2.19 (56) |
2.11 (54) |
1.69 (43) |
1.81 (46) |
1.99 (51) |
24.52 (626) |
| Source: Western Regional Climate Center [30] | |||||||||||||
"Chicago Rivadavia" Climate
Based on: Chicago (Midway International Airport) and Comodoro Rivadavia (General Enrique Mosconi International Airport). Hemisphere and latitude unadjusted.
Chicago Rivadavia features a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb). Summer is relatively warm with an average temperature of 15.8 °C (60.4 °F) in August.[33] Winter is mild with an average temperature of 7.9 °C (46.2 °F) in January.[33] Precipitation is relatively low, at less than 650 mm, though the summer months receive slightly more precipitation than the winter months.
| Climate data for Chicago Rivadavia (General Midway International Airport) 1981–2010, extremes 1928–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 29.8 (85.6) |
31.7 (89.1) |
34.6 (94.3) |
31.6 (88.9) |
32.6 (90.7) |
32.2 (90.0) |
32.8 (91.0) |
32.4 (90.3) |
34.3 (93.7) |
33.2 (91.8) |
31.4 (88.5) |
30.4 (86.7) |
34.6 (94.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.3 (59.5) |
16.9 (62.4) |
17.7 (63.9) |
18.8 (65.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.0 (64.4) |
15.7 (60.3) |
13.2 (55.8) |
16.8 (62.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 7.9 (46.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.0 (55.4) |
14.4 (57.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.8 (60.4) |
14.7 (58.5) |
12.8 (55.0) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.3 (46.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
3.6 (38.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
6.9 (44.4) |
8.2 (46.8) |
9.9 (49.8) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.3 (52.3) |
9.6 (49.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
3.4 (38.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −13.9 (7.0) |
−13.1 (8.4) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−8.2 (17.2) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
0.2 (32.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 31.8 (1.25) |
31.7 (1.25) |
43.6 (1.72) |
58.7 (2.31) |
71.2 (2.80) |
69.5 (2.74) |
62.7 (2.47) |
60.6 (2.39) |
52.1 (2.05) |
49.2 (1.94) |
50.8 (2.00) |
37.6 (1.48) |
619.5 (24.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.8 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 8.1 | 9.2 | 8.5 | 7.9 | 7.6 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 7.9 | 7.5 | 92.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 55.1 | 57.2 | 58.5 | 57.2 | 60.7 | 62.9 | 62.8 | 62.5 | 61.3 | 57.3 | 56.7 | 57.2 | 59.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 188.8 | 177.3 | 185.0 | 181.2 | 204.5 | 212.7 | 216.6 | 209.7 | 188.3 | 194.3 | 173.7 | 171.0 | 2,303.1 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 48.5 | 50.5 | 49 | 49.5 | 52.5 | 55.5 | 55 | 54 | 51 | 51.5 | 45.5 | 43 | 50.5 |
| Source: The articles linked above. | |||||||||||||
"Chicagadavia" Climate
Based on: Chicago (Midway International Airport) and Comodoro Rivadavia (General Enrique Mosconi International Airport). Hemisphere adjusted.
Comodoro Rivadavia features a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), closely bordering on a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) and somewhat further from both a hot-summer humid continental climate (Dfa) and a warm-summer humid continental climate (Dfb). Summer is warm to hot with an average temperature of 22.1 °C (71.8 °F) in July.[33] Winter is cool to cold with an average temperature of 1.4 °C (34.5 °F) in January.[33] Precipitation is relatively low, at less than 650 mm, and the summer months receive very slightly more precipitation than the winter months.
| Climate data for Chicagadavia (Enriqway Airport), 1981–2010 normals,[a] extremes 1928–present | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) |
24.3 (75.7) |
29.8 (85.7) |
32.7 (90.8) |
37.2 (99.0) |
40.1 (104.2) |
41.5 (106.7) |
39.8 (103.6) |
39.1 (102.3) |
33.0 (91.4) |
26.8 (80.2) |
22.4 (72.3) |
41.5 (106.7) |
| Mean maximum °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) |
16.2 (61.1) |
23.6 (74.4) |
27.7 (81.9) |
30.1 (86.2) |
32.9 (91.2) |
34.2 (93.5) |
33.6 (92.5) |
32.2 (90.0) |
27.1 (80.7) |
20.8 (69.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
34.8 (94.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
7.4 (45.4) |
11.8 (53.3) |
16.9 (62.5) |
21.7 (71.0) |
25.6 (78.0) |
27.6 (81.6) |
26.4 (79.6) |
23.2 (73.8) |
17.8 (64.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
16.8 (62.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 1.4 (34.5) |
3.2 (37.8) |
7.1 (44.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.1 (60.9) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.2 (70.2) |
17.9 (64.2) |
12.9 (55.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
2.7 (36.8) |
12.0 (53.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.5 (27.5) |
−1.1 (30.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.4 (43.6) |
10.4 (50.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.7 (62.0) |
15.9 (60.7) |
12.6 (54.6) |
7.9 (46.3) |
3.4 (38.2) |
−1.1 (30.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
| Mean minimum °C (°F) | −10.4 (13.2) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
0.9 (33.6) |
4.2 (39.6) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.7 (53.1) |
11.4 (52.6) |
6.3 (43.4) |
0.6 (33.0) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−9.1 (15.7) |
−13.4 (7.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −19.6 (−3.3) |
−17.2 (1.1) |
−13.7 (7.4) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
1.8 (35.3) |
5.8 (42.5) |
4.3 (39.8) |
−0.7 (30.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−12.2 (10.1) |
−18.7 (−1.7) |
−19.6 (−3.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 38 (1.49) |
35 (1.37) |
45 (1.76) |
54 (2.14) |
60 (2.35) |
57 (2.23) |
57 (2.23) |
58 (2.28) |
51 (2.01) |
54 (2.12) |
62 (2.45) |
51 (1.99) |
622 (24.42) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 8.3 | 7.5 | 8.8 | 8.3 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.6 | 9.1 | 8.9 | 92.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64.7 | 62.9 | 60.6 | 55.4 | 52.5 | 52.3 | 53.2 | 56.7 | 59.2 | 59.0 | 64.9 | 67.8 | 59.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 125.3 | 136.3 | 168.5 | 205.3 | 258.0 | 273.5 | 280.1 | 250.7 | 204.8 | 170.1 | 120.2 | 110.2 | 2,303 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 43.5 | 44 | 46.5 | 50.5 | 57.5 | 58.5 | 60 | 60.5 | 53.5 | 50.5 | 40.5 | 40 | 50.5 |
| Source: The articles linked above. | |||||||||||||
A hypothetical Northwestern US "low desert" Geography and climate
Based on: Fields, Oregon
Located deep in the Alvord Rift Valley near sea level and averaging around 4 inches (100 mm) of precipitation per year, Flats is the hottest, driest place in Oregon.[39][40] It experienced the record highest temperature for the state of Oregon, reaching 119 °F (48.3 °C) several times since records began.[41] Fields is in the transition zone between a continental or "cold" desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk) and a subtropical hot desert climate (Köppen BWh), though it bears more characteristics of the latter. The heat and dryness of the Alvord compared to other Oregon deserts leads to a unique flora growing in the region akin to the Mohave Desert further south, with many endemic species due to its isolation.
| Climate data for Flats, Oregon | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 74 (23) |
83 (28) |
91 (33) |
102 (39) |
110 (43) |
114 (46) |
119 (48) |
114 (46) |
109 (43) |
105 (41) |
89 (32) |
75 (24) |
119 (48) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 54.8 (12.7) |
58.6 (14.8) |
66.3 (19.1) |
71.6 (22.0) |
82.3 (27.9) |
92.1 (33.4) |
103.1 (39.5) |
100.9 (38.3) |
91.3 (32.9) |
77.5 (25.3) |
62.6 (17.0) |
53.7 (12.1) |
76.2 (24.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 45.2 (7.3) |
48.1 (8.9) |
54.7 (12.6) |
59.2 (15.1) |
68.1 (20.1) |
77.1 (25.1) |
87.5 (30.8) |
84.9 (29.4) |
75.6 (24.2) |
63.3 (17.4) |
51.5 (10.8) |
44.3 (6.8) |
63.3 (17.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 35.5 (1.9) |
37.6 (3.1) |
43.1 (6.2) |
46.7 (8.2) |
55.1 (12.8) |
62.1 (16.7) |
71.9 (22.2) |
68.9 (20.5) |
59.9 (15.5) |
49.0 (9.4) |
40.4 (4.7) |
34.9 (1.6) |
50.4 (10.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −7 (−22) |
11 (−12) |
14 (−10) |
27 (−3) |
31 (−1) |
41 (5) |
53 (12) |
48 (9) |
41 (5) |
23 (−5) |
14 (−10) |
6 (−14) |
−7 (−22) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.48 (12) |
0.35 (8.9) |
0.38 (9.7) |
0.43 (11) |
0.56 (14) |
0.31 (7.9) |
0.13 (3.3) |
0.11 (2.8) |
0.20 (5.1) |
0.33 (8.4) |
0.36 (9.1) |
0.44 (11) |
4.08 (103.2) |
| Source: Western Regional Climate Center (period of record is 5/1/1973 to 3/31/2013)[42] | |||||||||||||
Flat Island weatherbox
Based on: Diego Garcia
| Climate data for Flat Island, Yān, extremes 2147–2201 (months correspond to 21-22 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 63.3 (145.9) |
66.1 (151.0) |
65.0 (149.0) |
63.9 (147.0) |
65.0 (149.0) |
63.9 (147.0) |
61.1 (142.0) |
61.1 (142.0) |
62.2 (144.0) |
63.3 (145.9) |
63.9 (147.0) |
66.1 (151.0) |
66.1 (151.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 58.7 (137.7) |
59.2 (138.6) |
59.8 (139.6) |
59.8 (139.6) |
59.1 (138.4) |
58.3 (136.9) |
57.6 (135.7) |
57.6 (135.7) |
57.9 (136.2) |
58.3 (136.9) |
58.7 (137.7) |
59.0 (138.2) |
58.7 (137.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 56.0 (132.8) |
56.3 (133.3) |
56.5 (133.7) |
56.7 (134.1) |
56.4 (133.5) |
55.7 (132.3) |
55.2 (131.4) |
55.0 (131.0) |
55.3 (131.5) |
55.6 (132.1) |
55.9 (132.6) |
56.1 (133.0) |
55.9 (132.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 53.6 (128.5) |
53.9 (129.0) |
54.3 (129.7) |
54.6 (130.3) |
54.3 (129.7) |
53.6 (128.5) |
53.1 (127.6) |
53.0 (127.4) |
53.1 (127.6) |
53.2 (127.8) |
53.6 (128.5) |
53.7 (128.7) |
53.7 (128.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 48.9 (120.0) |
48.9 (120.0) |
46.7 (116.1) |
50.0 (122.0) |
46.7 (116.1) |
46.7 (116.1) |
45.1 (113.2) |
48.9 (120.0) |
50.0 (122.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
50.6 (123.1) |
47.2 (117.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 1,114.7 (43.89) |
911.7 (35.89) |
694.5 (27.34) |
631.1 (24.85) |
545.1 (21.46) |
483.6 (19.04) |
476.4 (18.76) |
480.8 (18.93) |
806.3 (31.74) |
925.4 (36.43) |
725.4 (28.56) |
894.1 (35.20) |
8,689.1 (342.09) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.3 mm) | 22 | 19 | 18 | 17 | 15 | 15 | 17 | 16 | 16 | 20 | 19 | 20 | 214 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 80 | 79 | 78 | 77 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 79 | 80 | 79 | 79 | 78 | 79 |
| [citation needed] | |||||||||||||
Mount Whitney Plateau, Celicia Climate
Based on: Death Valley (Furnace Creek station) Shifted 43.7 °F (24.2(7) °C) cooler to account for it being the highest mountain directly above Celicia's equivalent of Death Valley. "Mount Whitney" is obviously a provisional name.
| Climate data for Mount Whitney Plateau, Celicia (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 43.3 (6.3) |
53.3 (11.8) |
58.3 (14.6) |
69.3 (20.7) |
78.3 (25.7) |
85.3 (29.6) |
90.3 (32.4) |
83.3 (28.5) |
79.3 (26.3) |
69.3 (20.7) |
54.3 (12.4) |
45.3 (7.4) |
90.3 (32.4) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 33.3 (0.7) |
40.2 (4.6) |
49.7 (9.8) |
59.7 (15.4) |
68.4 (20.2) |
76.7 (24.8) |
80.0 (26.7) |
78.2 (25.7) |
72.3 (22.4) |
60.5 (15.8) |
45.1 (7.3) |
33.3 (0.7) |
80.8 (27.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 23.2 (−4.9) |
29.6 (−1.3) |
38.4 (3.6) |
46.8 (8.2) |
56.8 (13.8) |
66.2 (19.0) |
72.8 (22.7) |
71.0 (21.7) |
62.8 (17.1) |
49.1 (9.5) |
33.4 (0.8) |
21.5 (−5.8) |
47.6 (8.7) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 9.7 (−12.4) |
16.1 (−8.8) |
24.7 (−4.1) |
32.6 (0.3) |
42.9 (6.1) |
51.8 (11.0) |
58.5 (14.7) |
56.5 (13.6) |
47.3 (8.5) |
33.4 (0.8) |
18.9 (−7.3) |
8.0 (−13.3) |
33.4 (0.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −3.7 (−19.8) |
2.6 (−16.3) |
11.1 (−11.6) |
18.4 (−7.6) |
29.0 (−1.7) |
37.5 (3.1) |
44.3 (6.8) |
42.0 (5.6) |
31.9 (−0.1) |
17.8 (−7.9) |
4.4 (−15.3) |
−5.4 (−20.8) |
19.2 (−7.1) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | −15.3 (−26.3) |
−9.3 (−22.9) |
−2.3 (−19.1) |
5.0 (−15.0) |
12.9 (−10.6) |
21.7 (−5.7) |
32.0 (0.0) |
29.8 (−1.2) |
19.0 (−7.2) |
5.1 (−14.9) |
−8.2 (−22.3) |
−14.9 (−26.1) |
−17.4 (−27.4) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −28.7 (−33.7) |
−23.7 (−30.9) |
−17.7 (−27.6) |
−8.7 (−22.6) |
−1.7 (−18.7) |
5.3 (−14.8) |
18.3 (−7.6) |
21.3 (−5.9) |
−2.7 (−19.3) |
−11.7 (−24.3) |
−19.7 (−28.7) |
−24.7 (−31.5) |
−28.7 (−33.7) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.32 (59) |
2.88 (73) |
1.58 (40) |
0.60 (15) |
0.14 (3.6) |
0.22 (5.6) |
0.29 (7.4) |
0.55 (14) |
0.95 (24) |
0.35 (8.9) |
0.99 (25) |
1.81 (46) |
12.68 (321.5) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 217 | 226 | 279 | 330 | 372 | 390 | 403 | 372 | 330 | 310 | 210 | 186 | 3,625 |
| Source 1: 2181–2210 Celicia Climate Normals[43] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: weather2travel | |||||||||||||
Sunbird's Cove Climate section and weatherbox (WIP)
Based on: Eureka, Nunavut
Sunbird's Cove experiences a bizarre variant of humid continental hot-summer climate (Dfa). The settlement sees the midnight sun between pseudo-April 17 and pseudo-August 50, with no haílight at all between mid-October and late February.
Winters are long and cold, though moderate and relatively predictable due to the long polar twilight. Extreme warm spells—frequently in conjunction with tropical hypercanes and Density Anomaly Events—can send winter temperatures soaring above 20 °C (68 °F) on occasion. Spring and autumn are extremely rapid, changeable seasons with greater diurnal and day-to-day temperature variations than other times of the year. During summer, the intense Yānian haílight beats down on this somewhat arid, mostly cloud-free location all through the polar day, resulting in mean temperatures even higher than Terran cities like Las Vegas or Baghdad, although average highs are much less extreme. The low diurnal temperature variation in this season results in exceptionally high minimums—pseudo-July has never reported a temperature lower than 26.7 °C (80.1 °F), higher than any Terran location other than the Dead Sea. The highest temperature ever recorded was 49.8 °C (121.6 °F), first reached on pseudo-July 24, 2209.[45] Late summer hosts a moderate wet season, during which most precipitation falls in sporadic thunderstorms.
Sunbird's Cove is known for its warm summers in comparison to other places in the Northern Ocean Archipelago, which occur because it is somewhat landlocked, being in a namesake cove near the center of the Powers Peninsula, though its winters are also generally colder for the same reason. Sunbird's Cove has a mean temperature of 10.2 °C (50.4 °F), and contains patches of the Yānian circumpolar temperate deciduous forest. Foliage from the more temperate areas of Earth and Celicia is often imported into the area, though they tend to be confused by the short growing seasons and high summer temperatures.[citation needed]
| Climate data for Sunbird's Cove, Yān, 2181–2210 normals, extremes 2147–present (months correspond to 21-22 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.8 (82.0) |
27.8 (82.0) |
20.9 (69.6) |
26.1 (79.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
47.4 (117.3) |
49.8 (121.6) |
46.5 (115.7) |
38.2 (100.8) |
33.9 (93.0) |
27.2 (81.0) |
26.8 (80.2) |
49.8 (121.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.0 (24.8) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
6.4 (43.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
34.6 (94.3) |
38.2 (100.8) |
34.3 (93.7) |
25.1 (77.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
13.5 (56.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.6 (18.3) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
2.4 (36.3) |
18.8 (65.8) |
32.0 (89.6) |
35.0 (95.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
22.5 (72.5) |
8.2 (46.8) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
10.2 (50.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −11.2 (11.8) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
15.6 (60.1) |
29.3 (84.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.8 (85.6) |
19.9 (67.8) |
4.6 (40.3) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
6.9 (44.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −24.4 (−11.9) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−20.0 (−4.0) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
15.0 (59.0) |
26.7 (80.1) |
16.0 (60.8) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−22.8 (−9.0) |
−26.4 (−15.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 24.5 (0.96) |
30.1 (1.19) |
21.0 (0.83) |
27.9 (1.10) |
17.2 (0.68) |
36.8 (1.45) |
65.3 (2.57) |
71.7 (2.82) |
49.1 (1.93) |
50.8 (2.00) |
32.9 (1.30) |
31.6 (1.24) |
458.9 (18.07) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 4.2 | 4.3 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 4.9 | 8.0 | 8.2 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 67.6 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 63.4 | 66.3 | 65.8 | 67.2 | 75.0 | 71.1 | 69.3 | 76.2 | 82.0 | 74.3 | 65.8 | 64.6 | 70.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 0.0 | 0.0 | 120.2 | 353.8 | 486.3 | 386.4 | 360.5 | 238.9 | 98.4 | 12.5 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2,057 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 0.0 | 0.0 | 54.9 | 85.8 | 103.0 | 84.5 | 76.4 | 50.7 | 33.7 | 13.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 41.9 |
| Source: [45][46][47] | |||||||||||||
Blue Cataract Eye Crater Rim Climate section and weatherbox
Based on: Mullingar
Blue Cataract Eye Crater Rim has a climate typical of the subtropical mid-latitudes of Merém. Although the mean temperatures and precipitation pattern (or the lack of one) resemble a borderline temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) or a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), the diurnal temperature variation is extreme, averaging 27.6 °C (49.6 °F) throughout the year. This is greater than experienced anywhere on Earth other than Pinnacles National Park, California during July and August, yet Blue Cataract Eye Crater Rim experiences diurnal temperature variation higher than the maximum in Pinnacles on 7 pseudo-months of the year (January, March, April, May, June, November, and December). While frost is relatively rare in July and August (partially due to moderation from the high specific heat capacity of the Crater's Lagoon, though its higher elevation distances it from this effect), it has occurred in every month, and in the extreme case of pseudo-July 7, 2200, temperatures rose from −0.6 °C (30.9 °F) to 39.8 °C (103.6 °F) over the course of one Merémmian haí'ian day. This trait—typical across most areas of Merém—is due largely to its thin atmosphere and long rotation period of 40 hours, 33 minutes, and 36 seconds.
Heavy snowfall can be expected in the winter, though the snowpack tends to be shallow and hard due to frequent freeze-thaw cycles. Summer precipitation typically falls in evening showers or thunderstorms with frequent lightning and hail. Snow can fall even in midsummer, though it usually melts almost immediately in the morning.[48]
| Climate data for Blue Cataract Eye Crater Rim, Merém, 2189–2218 normals, extremes 2153–present (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.2 (68.4) |
22.9 (73.2) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.1 (91.6) |
36.1 (97.0) |
40.2 (104.4) |
42.3 (108.1) |
40.1 (104.2) |
34.3 (93.7) |
32.6 (90.7) |
24.7 (76.5) |
21.3 (70.3) |
42.3 (108.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 13.8 (56.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
25.5 (77.9) |
29.7 (85.5) |
29.8 (85.6) |
29.5 (85.1) |
25.5 (77.9) |
22.9 (73.2) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.6 (58.3) |
22.3 (72.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.6 (30.9) |
1.6 (34.9) |
5.6 (42.1) |
9.1 (48.4) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
15.8 (60.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
5.2 (41.4) |
0.2 (32.4) |
8.5 (47.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.9 (5.2) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
0.2 (32.4) |
3.4 (38.1) |
2.1 (35.8) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−4.4 (24.1) |
−6.9 (19.6) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.3 (−24.3) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
−21.2 (−6.2) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−8.8 (16.2) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−9.1 (15.6) |
−15.5 (4.1) |
−17.3 (0.9) |
−30.4 (−22.7) |
−31.3 (−24.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 89.6 (3.53) |
70.4 (2.77) |
76.5 (3.01) |
60.7 (2.39) |
67.1 (2.64) |
68.9 (2.71) |
60.4 (2.38) |
79.0 (3.11) |
72.1 (2.84) |
99.8 (3.93) |
80.5 (3.17) |
94.9 (3.74) |
919.9 (36.22) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 11 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.2 | 9.8 | 9.8 | 11 | 10.4 | 11 | 120.5 |
| Average snowy days | 5.0 | 4.4 | 3.5 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 17.8 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83.4 | 77.8 | 72.8 | 68.1 | 67.1 | 69.1 | 69.9 | 70.6 | 72.1 | 77.0 | 82.2 | 85.9 | 74.7 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 54.5 | 69.0 | 97.0 | 143.7 | 175.7 | 146.6 | 139.4 | 139.4 | 114.4 | 97.0 | 64.5 | 48.5 | 1,289.7 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 3.0 | 4.1 | 5.3 | 8.1 | 9.6 | 8.3 | 7.6 | 7.6 | 6.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 2.6 | 6.1 |
| Source: [49][50][51] | |||||||||||||
Rádrrã'lod Climate section and weatherbox
Based on: Truro
The area of Rádrrã'lod has a solid temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), with a slight summer dry season. Due largely to its lower latitude, temperatures (especially during the nighttime) are considerably milder than those of other locations on Serenityland, with frost having never been observed in the pseudo-months (or "duodecims") of July and August during the period of record, and the average growing season is 74 Merémmian haí'ian days (125 Earth solar days) long. Still, diurnal temperature variation is very high, averaging 22 °C (39.6 °F) annually.
| Climate data for Rádrrã'lod, elevation: 203 m or 666 ft (2181–2210) extremes (2179–2218) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 20.8 (69.4) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.9 (78.6) |
31.9 (89.4) |
34.7 (94.5) |
35.7 (96.3) |
40.0 (104.0) |
39.8 (103.6) |
34.7 (94.5) |
30.3 (86.5) |
22.5 (72.5) |
21.0 (69.8) |
40.0 (104.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
26.2 (79.2) |
29.3 (84.7) |
29.4 (84.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
22.3 (72.1) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.3 (59.5) |
21.6 (70.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.4 (36.3) |
4.3 (39.7) |
7.4 (45.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
12.4 (54.3) |
15.5 (59.9) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
5.3 (41.5) |
10.6 (51.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.4 (15.1) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
0.3 (32.5) |
4.8 (40.6) |
7.2 (45.0) |
7.4 (45.3) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −23.4 (−10.1) |
−17.8 (0.0) |
−11.8 (10.8) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
1.4 (34.5) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−14.7 (5.5) |
−23.4 (−10.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 118.7 (4.67) |
86.2 (3.39) |
77.6 (3.06) |
71.9 (2.83) |
63.5 (2.50) |
56.9 (2.24) |
65.9 (2.59) |
66.6 (2.62) |
75.6 (2.98) |
112.3 (4.42) |
121.0 (4.76) |
121.1 (4.77) |
1,037.3 (40.83) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9.5 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 6.7 | 6.0 | 5.0 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 9.1 | 9.4 | 9.1 | 87.1 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 59.1 | 79.9 | 115.7 | 180.4 | 209.8 | 206.4 | 193.7 | 190.4 | 153.9 | 107.2 | 72.8 | 57.9 | 1,627.2 |
| Source 1: [52] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: [53] | |||||||||||||
The Great Rainmaker summit Climate
Based on: Reggane
The Great Rainmaker's summit has an alpine tundra climate (Köppen climate classification ETH) with long, very cold winters and short, cool summers. There is a possibility of frost at any time of the year, even in midsummer. This is in sharp contrast to the plain below, where daytime temperatures are known to consistently approach 50 °C (122 °F) and nighttime temperatures routinely remain above 30 °C (86 °F) in summer, making it among the hottest places in the entirety of Celicia[54]. Due to the extreme heat, dryness, and intense haílight of the lowlands, The Great Rainmaker's summit is still unglaciated and supports vegetation despite being located 7,000 meters (23,000 ft) [5,964 meters (19,567 ft) Earth geopotential height] above sea level. Precipitation is very low and erratic (although not nearly as low as the plain's 10 millimetres (0.39 in) per Celician tropical year, due to orographic lift) and mainly falls in the winter as light, fluffy snow. Snow typically accumulates starting in pseudo-October and builds up to its maximum depth in late pseudo-April before melting away completely in late pseudo-June. Unlike the plain below, where the sky is almost always clear throughout the year, The Great Rainmaker often experiences cap clouds that drive its relative wetness, leading to its name.
| Climate data for The Great Rainmaker Summit Station | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −10.2 (13.6) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.3 (52.3) |
14.1 (57.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.5 (49.1) |
3.0 (37.4) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
2.6 (36.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −16.8 (1.8) |
−14.6 (5.7) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
3.6 (38.5) |
7.0 (44.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
2.7 (36.9) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−10.8 (12.6) |
−15.0 (5.0) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.4 (−10.1) |
−21.5 (−6.7) |
−16.9 (1.6) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−8.0 (17.6) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−10.3 (13.5) |
−17.5 (0.5) |
−21.6 (−6.9) |
−11.7 (10.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 15.7 (0.62) |
11.8 (0.46) |
11.7 (0.46) |
14.3 (0.56) |
4.1 (0.16) |
0.8 (0.03) |
0.0 (0.0) |
3.7 (0.15) |
1.6 (0.06) |
10.5 (0.41) |
5.0 (0.20) |
19.5 (0.77) |
98.7 (3.88) |
| Source: Global climatology for the Great Rainmaker Summit Station (2200 - 2215)[55] | |||||||||||||
Reggane Heights Climate
Based on: Reggane
Reggane Heights has a climate bordering between alpine tundra (Köppen climate classification ETH), mediterranean subalpine (Köppen Dsc), and cold semi-arid (Köppen BSk), with long, very cold winters and short, mild summers. There is a possibility of frost at any time of the year, though it is rare in midsummer. This is in sharp contrast to the plain below, where daytime temperatures are known to consistently approach 50 °C (122 °F) and nighttime temperatures routinely remain above 30 °C (86 °F) in summer, making it among the hottest places in the entirety of Celicia[56]. Due to the extreme heat, dryness, and intense haílight of the lowlands, Reggane Heights is at the treeline—though closed-canopy forest is only found within gullies—despite being located 6,359 meters (20,863 ft) [5,418 meters (17,776 ft) Earth geopotential height] above sea level, making it the highest forested area in all of Celicia. Precipitation is very low and erratic (although not nearly as low as the plain's 10 millimetres (0.39 in) per Celician tropical year, due to orographic lift) and mainly falls in the winter as light, fluffy snow. Snow typically accumulates starting in pseudo-October and builds up to its maximum depth in early pseudo-April before melting away completely in early pseudo-June. Unlike the plain below, where the sky is almost always clear throughout the year, Reggane Heights often experiences cap clouds that drive its relative wetness, leading to its parent mountain's name as "The Great Rainmaker" by the people below.
| Climate data for Reggane Heights | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.2 (19.0) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
6.0 (42.8) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
5.6 (42.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −13.8 (7.2) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
2.4 (36.3) |
6.6 (43.9) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.6 (47.5) |
5.7 (42.3) |
−0.6 (30.9) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−12.0 (10.4) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −20.4 (−4.7) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−9.2 (15.4) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
3.0 (37.4) |
1.8 (35.2) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−7.3 (18.9) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−18.6 (−1.5) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 12.2 (0.48) |
9.2 (0.36) |
9.2 (0.36) |
11.4 (0.45) |
3.2 (0.13) |
0.6 (0.02) |
0.0 (0.0) |
3.0 (0.12) |
1.3 (0.05) |
7.7 (0.30) |
3.9 (0.15) |
15.2 (0.60) |
76.9 (3.02) |
| Source: Global climatology for Reggane Heights (2200 - 2215)[57] | |||||||||||||
Warble Climate section and weatherbox
Based on: Lovell, Wyoming
Warble experiences a continental or cold desert climate (Köppen BWk) with (counting daily mean temperatures) very cold, dry winters and warm, slightly wetter summers. Diurnal temperature variation is incredible throughout the year (though lower in summer due to higher humidity), extremely high even for Merémmian standards and akin to some locations on Mars, with the average exceeding the Terran world record of 103 °F (57.2 °C) set in Loma, Montana on January 15, 1972 in the pseudo-months of February and December. Thus, Warble's winter nights are extremely cold while days are mild, and summer nights are chilly while days are extremely hot. Warble is only a few kilometers away from Dry Hole, which recorded the highest radiational diurnal temperature change ever on Merém at 138 °F (76.7 °C) from −19 °F (−28.3 °C) to 119 °F (48.3 °C) on pseudo-April 9, 1936.
The growing season is very short, though longer than a handful of non-arctic or alpine Terran locations like Bodie, California due to the relative consistency of summer nighttime temperatures, typically lasting around 16 Merémmian haí'ian days (28 Earth solar days) from early pseudo-July to early pseudo-August. However, there have been years with zero-day growing seasons, and even one (2179) where every day had an above-freezing high and below-freezing low. Unusually, the length of the growing season actually increases with elevation in the area due to lower exposure to temperature inversions, the diurnal temperature variation decreasing by up to 18 °F (10 °C) in stations in the mountains, which combines with the greater moisture from orographic precipitation to allow for a greater diversity of species.
Extreme temperatures have ranged from −83.8 °F (−64.3 °C) to 127.3 °F (52.9 °C) for a range of 210.1 °F (116.7 °C), higher than any location on Earth or any other habitable planet in the Haí system, and almost supreme among Merémmian locations.
| Climate data for Warble, Tranquility Desert, Merém, 2171–2200 normals and extremes (months correspond to 29-30 Earth solar days each) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 96.9 (36.1) |
104.3 (40.2) |
107.1 (41.7) |
117.0 (47.2) |
125.7 (52.1) |
127.3 (52.9) |
125.4 (51.9) |
124.5 (51.4) |
124.4 (51.3) |
117.5 (47.5) |
100.6 (38.1) |
100.1 (37.8) |
127.3 (52.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 63.2 (17.3) |
70.7 (21.5) |
77.6 (25.3) |
88.1 (31.2) |
97.1 (36.2) |
103.4 (39.7) |
106.1 (41.2) |
104.6 (40.3) |
99.2 (37.3) |
88.7 (31.5) |
72.2 (22.3) |
65.9 (18.8) |
86.4 (30.2) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 11.9 (−11.2) |
17.8 (−7.9) |
28.9 (−1.7) |
47.5 (8.6) |
57.7 (14.3) |
66.7 (19.3) |
72.2 (22.3) |
68.3 (20.2) |
58.0 (14.4) |
40.3 (4.6) |
22.7 (−5.2) |
13.8 (−10.1) |
42.2 (5.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | −39.4 (−39.7) |
−35.2 (−37.3) |
−19.9 (−28.8) |
6.9 (−13.9) |
18.2 (−7.7) |
29.9 (−1.2) |
38.3 (3.5) |
32.0 (0.0) |
16.7 (−8.5) |
−8.2 (−22.3) |
−26.8 (−32.7) |
−38.4 (−39.1) |
−2.2 (−19.0) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −82.7 (−63.7) |
−81.9 (−63.3) |
−62.4 (−52.4) |
−17.2 (−27.3) |
−5.5 (−20.8) |
10.3 (−12.1) |
21.7 (−5.7) |
12.2 (−11.0) |
−6.6 (−21.4) |
−46.6 (−43.7) |
−72.6 (−58.1) |
−83.8 (−64.3) |
−83.8 (−64.3) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 0.23 (5.8) |
0.16 (4.1) |
0.32 (8.1) |
0.58 (15) |
1.18 (30) |
0.97 (25) |
0.73 (19) |
0.59 (15) |
0.73 (19) |
0.64 (16) |
0.23 (5.8) |
0.22 (5.6) |
6.58 (168.4) |
| Source 1: [25] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: [58] | |||||||||||||
Okhotsk wetter, warmer climate
Okhotsk has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) bordering extremely closely on a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb), with cold winters and mild summers. While the climate is influenced by the ocean, resulting in warmer winters (and cooler summers) than found farther inland, it is to nowhere near the same extent as other locations at similar latitudes like Scandinavia or even Magadan located 420 kilometers (260 mi) away on the same Okhotsk Coast.
| Climate data for Okhotsk | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
20.9 (69.6) |
29.4 (84.9) |
33.0 (91.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.1 (89.8) |
26.0 (78.8) |
19.9 (67.8) |
14.0 (57.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
33.0 (91.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
4.9 (40.8) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.8 (55.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
6.4 (43.5) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
4.7 (40.5) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −10.6 (12.9) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
−5 (23) |
0.9 (33.6) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.9 (49.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
13.6 (56.5) |
10.2 (50.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
1.4 (34.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−9.9 (14.2) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
2.7 (36.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
10.5 (50.9) |
10.3 (50.5) |
6.5 (43.7) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.3 (−24.3) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
−28.4 (−19.1) |
−23.6 (−10.5) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
1.7 (35.1) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−4.9 (23.2) |
−23 (−9) |
−29.7 (−21.5) |
−30.1 (−22.2) |
−36.1 (−33.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 91 (3.6) |
91 (3.6) |
95 (3.7) |
91 (3.6) |
70 (2.8) |
61 (2.4) |
91 (3.6) |
91 (3.6) |
95 (3.7) |
91 (3.6) |
70 (2.8) |
61 (2.4) |
998 (39.4) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 86.8 | 146.9 | 241.8 | 231.0 | 195.3 | 201.0 | 179.8 | 182.9 | 171.0 | 158.1 | 108.0 | 52.7 | 1,955.3 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[59] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Hong Kong Observatory (sun only).[60] | |||||||||||||
Terney wetter, warmer climate
Terney either has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) using the −3 °C (26.6 °F) isotherm, or a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb) using the 0 °C (32 °F) isotherm. The oceanic nature of the climate is due to the influence of the Oyashio Current which not only makes summers up to 6 °C (11 °F) cooler than in Harbin but also causes a marked seasonal lag, so the September is on average warmer than June. Despite the heavy rainfall due to orographic influences from mountains near the Pacific, Terney is much sunnier than nearby localities on the Sakhalin Island.
| Climate data for Terney | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 17.3 (63.1) |
19.1 (66.4) |
24.6 (76.3) |
32.0 (89.6) |
34.9 (94.8) |
37.0 (98.6) |
39.0 (102.2) |
37.1 (98.8) |
31.7 (89.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
23.5 (74.3) |
24.3 (75.7) |
39.0 (102.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.9 (37.2) |
5.1 (41.2) |
9.1 (48.4) |
13.2 (55.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
17.7 (63.9) |
20.4 (68.7) |
22.2 (72.0) |
20.5 (68.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
9.8 (49.6) |
4.3 (39.7) |
13.1 (55.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −1.5 (29.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
8.7 (47.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
17.0 (62.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
11.3 (52.3) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.9 (21.4) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
4.1 (39.4) |
7.2 (45.0) |
10.3 (50.5) |
13.6 (56.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
11.1 (52.0) |
6.2 (43.2) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.2 (−4.4) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
−18.3 (−0.9) |
−7.1 (19.2) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
1.2 (34.2) |
2.5 (36.5) |
6.9 (44.4) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−5.7 (21.7) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 137.5 (5.41) |
144.8 (5.70) |
162.0 (6.38) |
132.1 (5.20) |
126.1 (4.96) |
111.0 (4.37) |
137.5 (5.41) |
144.8 (5.70) |
162.0 (6.38) |
132.1 (5.20) |
126.1 (4.96) |
111.0 (4.37) |
1,627 (64.04) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 176.7 | 189.2 | 217.0 | 198.0 | 192.2 | 159.0 | 151.9 | 167.4 | 201.0 | 213.9 | 174.0 | 170.5 | 2,210.8 |
| Source 1: climatebase.ru (1953-2011) [61] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: HKO (sunshine)[62] | |||||||||||||
Khatanga wetter, warmer climate
Khatanga has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc) with short, mild summers and very cold winters. Precipitation is moderate and is somewhat heavier in summer and winter than in the rest of the year.
| Climate data for Khatanga | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.3 (54.1) |
15.2 (59.4) |
24.7 (76.5) |
35.0 (95.0) |
37.1 (98.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
26.9 (80.4) |
17.5 (63.5) |
10.7 (51.3) |
9.3 (48.7) |
37.1 (98.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −17.6 (0.3) |
−17.7 (0.1) |
−12.5 (9.5) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
2.1 (35.8) |
11.5 (52.7) |
17.2 (63.0) |
14.5 (58.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
−2.8 (27.0) |
−12.3 (9.9) |
−16 (3) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −21.5 (−6.7) |
−21.5 (−6.7) |
−17.1 (1.2) |
−10.3 (13.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
7.8 (46.0) |
12.9 (55.2) |
10.5 (50.9) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−6.2 (20.8) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−20 (−4) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −25.5 (−13.9) |
−25.3 (−13.5) |
−21.7 (−7.1) |
−15.4 (4.3) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
8.6 (47.5) |
6.4 (43.5) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−9.7 (14.5) |
−20 (−4) |
−23.9 (−11.0) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −49 (−56) |
−45.9 (−50.6) |
−43.5 (−46.3) |
−35.8 (−32.4) |
−26.7 (−16.1) |
−12.9 (8.8) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−39.9 (−39.8) |
−42.7 (−44.9) |
−49.2 (−56.6) |
−49.2 (−56.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 55 (2.2) |
54 (2.1) |
45 (1.8) |
43 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
38 (1.5) |
55 (2.2) |
54 (2.1) |
45 (1.8) |
43 (1.7) |
38 (1.5) |
38 (1.5) |
546 (21.6) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 78 | 78 | 78 | 79 | 73 | 70 | 78 | 83 | 84 | 81 | 77 | 78 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 0 | 23 | 151 | 267 | 264 | 262 | 308 | 195 | 88 | 43 | 3 | 0 | 1,604 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[59] June record high[63] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: NOAA (sun only, 1961-1990)[18] | |||||||||||||
Turpan wetter, warmer climate
Turpan is located about 150 km (93 mi) southeast of Ürümqi, Xinjiang's capital, in a mountain basin, on the northern side of the Turpan Depression, at an elevation of 30 m (98 ft) above sea level. Outside of Turpan is a small volcanic cone, the Turfan volcano, that is said to have erupted in 1120 as described in the Song Dynasty.[64]
Turpan has a "hot" desert climate (Köppen BWh), unlike most other desert locations in China, which have a continental or "cold" desert climate (Köppen BWk). It experiences very hot and long summers, brief, cool winters (cooler than experienced in many hot deserts), and a brief spring and autumn in between. Annual precipitation is very low, amounting to only 31.4 millimetres (1.24 in). The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from 2.8 °C (37.0 °F) in January to 32.3 °C (90.1 °F) in July, or a large seasonal variation of 29.5 °C (53.1 °F); the annual mean is 19.3 °C (66.7 °F).[65] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in December to 75% in September, sunshine is abundant and the city receives 2,912 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Extremes have ranged from −18.9 °C (−2 °F) to 50.7 °C (123 °F), although a reading of 52.2 °C (126 °F) in July 1975 is regarded as dubious.[66] However, the high heat and dryness of the summer, when combined with the area's ancient system of irrigation, allows the countryside around Turpan to produce great quantities of high-quality fruit.
| Climate data for Turpan (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 18.5 (65.3) |
27.5 (81.5) |
37.3 (99.1) |
43.6 (110.5) |
45.1 (113.2) |
48.0 (118.4) |
50.7 (123.3) |
48.2 (118.8) |
45.2 (113.4) |
38.5 (101.3) |
30.2 (86.4) |
19.2 (66.6) |
50.7 (123.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.7 (45.9) |
14.0 (57.2) |
21.9 (71.4) |
29.6 (85.3) |
34.8 (94.6) |
38.3 (100.9) |
39.6 (103.3) |
38.4 (101.1) |
33.7 (92.7) |
26.0 (78.8) |
16.7 (62.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
25.8 (78.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
8.2 (46.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
22.7 (72.9) |
27.6 (81.7) |
31.0 (87.8) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.9 (87.6) |
26.2 (79.2) |
19.0 (66.2) |
11.0 (51.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
19.3 (66.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) |
2.4 (36.3) |
9.8 (49.6) |
15.8 (60.4) |
20.4 (68.7) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.6 (65.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
5.2 (41.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
12.8 (55.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −18.9 (−2.0) |
−16.1 (3.0) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
1.6 (34.9) |
6.4 (43.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
15.5 (59.9) |
12.2 (54.0) |
3.6 (38.5) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−10.5 (13.1) |
−16.8 (1.8) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.0 (0.12) |
2.3 (0.09) |
2.8 (0.11) |
2.2 (0.09) |
1.5 (0.06) |
3.9 (0.15) |
3.0 (0.12) |
2.3 (0.09) |
2.8 (0.11) |
2.2 (0.09) |
1.5 (0.06) |
3.9 (0.15) |
31.4 (1.24) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 26 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 45 | 31 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 42 | 51 | 54 | 61 | 42 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 159.7 | 188.6 | 239.5 | 256.8 | 299.6 | 301.2 | 311.7 | 305.9 | 278.8 | 250.6 | 184.7 | 135.1 | 2,912.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 55 | 64 | 65 | 64 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 75 | 74 | 63 | 48 | 65 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[65] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: [67] | |||||||||||||
Flaming Mountains wetter, warmer climate
The Flaming Mountains are located about 40 km (25 mi) east-southeast of Turpan in a mountain basin, on the northern side of the Turpan Depression, with a maximum elevation of 806 m (2,644 ft) above sea level.
Unlike the Turpan Depression, which has a "hot" desert climate (Köppen BWh) due to its low elevation, the Flaming Mountains have a continental or "cold" desert climate (Köppen BWk). They experience long, hot summers (cooler than those experienced in the Depression, however), cold but brief winters, and a defined spring and autumn in between. Although orographic effects increase it somewhat relative to Turpan, annual precipitation is still very low, amounting to only 40.3 millimetres (1.59 in) in the main weather station but possibly up to 80 millimetres (3.15 in) in some regions. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −0.5 °C (31.1 °F) in January to 28.2 °C (82.8 °F) in July, for a large seasonal variation of 28.7 °C (51.7 °F); the annual mean is 15.3 °C (59.5 °F).[65] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in December to 75% in September, sunshine is abundant and the range receives about 2,912 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Extremes have ranged from −22.2 °C (−8 °F) to 46.6 °C (116 °F).[68] Due to their crisp winters, the Flaming Mountains receive a dusting or two of snow in an average year, creating a white cover in the morning that contrasts with the lowlands below and adds to the scenic beauty of the region. A persistent snowpack is vanishingly rare, though, and the thin cover almost always melts by mid-day except in sheltered valleys.
| Climate data for Flaming Mountains Weather Station (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 15.2 (59.4) |
23.6 (74.5) |
33.0 (91.4) |
38.9 (102.0) |
40.2 (104.4) |
43.3 (109.9) |
46.6 (115.9) |
44.6 (112.3) |
41.7 (107.1) |
34.4 (93.9) |
26.6 (79.9) |
15.9 (60.6) |
46.6 (115.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 4.4 (39.9) |
10.1 (50.2) |
17.6 (63.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
29.9 (85.8) |
33.6 (92.5) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.8 (94.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
21.9 (71.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) |
4.3 (39.7) |
11.6 (52.9) |
18.0 (64.4) |
22.7 (72.9) |
26.3 (79.3) |
28.2 (82.8) |
27.3 (81.1) |
22.5 (72.5) |
14.9 (58.8) |
7.4 (45.3) |
1.0 (33.8) |
15.3 (59.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −5.4 (22.3) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
5.5 (41.9) |
11.1 (52.0) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
19.8 (67.6) |
14.9 (58.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −22.2 (−8.0) |
−20 (−4) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
1.5 (34.7) |
7.3 (45.1) |
11.4 (52.5) |
8.6 (47.5) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−5 (23) |
−14.1 (6.6) |
−20.2 (−4.4) |
−22.2 (−8.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 3.8 (0.15) |
3.0 (0.12) |
3.7 (0.15) |
2.9 (0.11) |
2.0 (0.08) |
5.1 (0.20) |
3.8 (0.15) |
2.8 (0.11) |
3.5 (0.14) |
2.9 (0.11) |
1.9 (0.07) |
4.9 (0.19) |
40.3 (1.58) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 26 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 45 | 31 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 42 | 51 | 54 | 61 | 42 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 159.7 | 188.6 | 239.5 | 256.8 | 299.6 | 301.2 | 311.7 | 305.9 | 278.8 | 250.6 | 184.7 | 135.1 | 2,912.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 55 | 64 | 65 | 64 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 75 | 74 | 63 | 48 | 65 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[65] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: [69] | |||||||||||||
Ala Daiposan wetter, warmer climate
Ala Daiposan is located high on the south slopes of the Bogda Shan mountain range about 61 km (38 mi) north of Turpan and 125 km (78 mi) east by south of Ürümqi, Xinjiang's capital, on the northern side of the Turpan Depression, at an elevation of 2,980 m (9,777 ft) above sea level.
Ala Daiposan has a continental or cold desert climate (Köppen BWk) with temperatures in the hemiboreal range, slightly cooler than low-lying Irkutsk 1,000 km (621 mi) further north. It experiences short, mild summers, moderately long, cold winters, and a brief, frosty spring and autumn in between. Although orographic effects increases it greatly relative to Turpan, annual precipitation is still very low, amounting to 86.6 millimetres (3.41 in), though in nearby some microclimates it may be up to 170 millimetres (6.69 in), putting them within the continental semi-arid (BSk) category with subalpine (Dfc) areas further up. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −9.7 °C (14.5 °F) in January to 17.4 °C (63.3 °F) in August for a large seasonal variation of 27.1 °C (48.8 °F); the annual mean is 4.0 °C (39.2 °F).[65] With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 48% in December to 75% in September, sunshine is abundant and the hamlet receives 2,912 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Extremes have ranged from −31.4 °C (−25 °F) to 35.2 °C (95 °F), although a reading of 52.2 °C (126 °F) in July 1975 is regarded as dubious.[70] During the winter, consistently low temperatures (often below freezing for weeks at a time) allow the accumulation of snow, though it seldom exceeds 15 centimetres (5.9 in) and is often patchy. The first snowfall is typically in November and snow cover usually melts completely in mid-April. In microclimates and areas where it accumulates more readily, snow cover is typically continuous in midwinter and it only fully melts away in early-to-mid-May.
| Climate data for Ala Daiposan (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
12.7 (54.9) |
21.0 (69.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
26.3 (79.3) |
30.0 (86.0) |
35.2 (95.4) |
34.7 (94.5) |
30.9 (87.6) |
23.0 (73.4) |
16.4 (61.5) |
6.7 (44.1) |
35.2 (95.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −4.8 (23.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
11.6 (52.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
20.3 (68.5) |
24.1 (75.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
10.5 (50.9) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−3.7 (25.3) |
10.5 (50.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −9.7 (14.5) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
4.7 (40.5) |
8.8 (47.8) |
13.0 (55.4) |
16.8 (62.2) |
17.4 (63.3) |
11.8 (53.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
4.0 (39.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −14.6 (5.7) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−2.2 (28.0) |
1.6 (34.9) |
5.7 (42.3) |
9.5 (49.1) |
9.9 (49.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
−3.6 (25.5) |
−8.6 (16.5) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −31.4 (−24.5) |
−30.9 (−23.6) |
−20.1 (−4.2) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−12.4 (9.7) |
−6.0 (21.2) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.3 (29.7) |
−10.7 (12.7) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−24.3 (−11.7) |
−29.3 (−20.7) |
−31.4 (−24.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.7 (0.30) |
6.7 (0.26) |
8.6 (0.34) |
7.1 (0.28) |
4.9 (0.19) |
11.7 (0.46) |
7.6 (0.30) |
5.2 (0.20) |
6.9 (0.27) |
6.2 (0.24) |
4.0 (0.16) |
10.0 (0.39) |
86.6 (3.39) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 3.5 | 2.2 | 1.4 | 1.3 | 1.2 | 3.4 | 26 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 60 | 45 | 31 | 26 | 28 | 31 | 33 | 37 | 42 | 51 | 54 | 61 | 42 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 159.7 | 188.6 | 239.5 | 256.8 | 299.6 | 301.2 | 311.7 | 305.9 | 278.8 | 250.6 | 184.7 | 135.1 | 2,912.2 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 55 | 64 | 65 | 64 | 67 | 66 | 67 | 71 | 75 | 74 | 63 | 48 | 65 |
| Source 1: China Meteorological Administration[65] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: [71] | |||||||||||||
Chara wetter, warmer climate
Chara has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc), with long, very cold winters and warm, mild summers. Precipitation is moderate and is somewhat higher in summer and winter than at other times of the year.
| Climate data for Chara | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
16.3 (61.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
30.6 (87.1) |
35.5 (95.9) |
34.6 (94.3) |
34.4 (93.9) |
29.8 (85.6) |
24.0 (75.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
35.5 (95.9) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −15.4 (4.3) |
−9.0 (15.8) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
7.1 (44.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
21.4 (70.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
21.2 (70.2) |
14.1 (57.4) |
5.3 (41.5) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−14.8 (5.4) |
5.0 (41.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −21.7 (−7.1) |
−18.5 (−1.3) |
−10.1 (13.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
14.3 (57.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
7.9 (46.2) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−20.3 (−4.5) |
−1.9 (28.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −28.0 (−18.4) |
−26.0 (−14.8) |
−19.3 (−2.7) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
1.1 (34.0) |
7.1 (44.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
7.5 (45.5) |
1.6 (34.9) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−18.9 (−2.0) |
−25.9 (−14.6) |
−8.7 (16.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −44.4 (−47.9) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
−41.0 (−41.8) |
−32.5 (−26.5) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−5.5 (22.1) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−15.8 (3.6) |
−31.1 (−24.0) |
−39.9 (−39.8) |
−44.4 (−47.9) |
−46.7 (−52.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 79 (3.1) |
87 (3.4) |
51 (2.0) |
29 (1.1) |
50 (2.0) |
74 (2.9) |
79 (3.1) |
87 (3.4) |
51 (2.0) |
29 (1.1) |
50 (2.0) |
74 (2.9) |
740 (29) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 72 | 66 | 59 | 58 | 65 | 71 | 75 | 72 | 72 | 77 | 79 | 70 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 78 | 144 | 208 | 231 | 245 | 249 | 248 | 214 | 162 | 149 | 99 | 59 | 2,086 |
| Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[59] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: HKO | |||||||||||||
Tulihe wetter, warmer climate
Tulihe has a subarctic climate (Köppen Dfc) extremely closely bordering a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), perhaps the southernmost non-highland instance of this climate in Eurasia. With an average annual temperature of 0.9 °C (33.6 °F), it is colder than even Mohe County in Heilongjiang about 284 km (176 mi) to the north-northeast. Lows average below freezing for seven calendar months and the 24-hour average temperature is below freezing for five calendar months. Its location in a valley of the Greater Khingan Range at an elevation of 734 metres (2,408 ft), promoting temperature inversions, helps the temperature plummet at night, with an average diurnal temperature variation in excess of 15 °C (27 °F) in every month except July and August. Winters are long and very cold, while summers are relatively short and warm. Compared to other seasons, spring and late autumn are relatively dry, though the former is balanced out by snowmelt and the latter dry period is after the end of the short growing season. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from −17.7 °C (0.1 °F) in January to 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) in July. A majority of the annual precipitation occurs in the winter months of January and February and the summer months of July and August alone. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 45% in July to 71% in February and March, the town receives 2,497 hours of bright sunshine annually.
| Climate data for Tulihe, Inner Mongolia (1971−2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −9.1 (15.6) |
−4 (25) |
3.0 (37.4) |
11.6 (52.9) |
18.5 (65.3) |
22.9 (73.2) |
24.1 (75.4) |
22.6 (72.7) |
17.8 (64.0) |
10.1 (50.2) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−7.9 (17.8) |
9.1 (48.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −17.4 (0.7) |
−13.9 (7.0) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
3.7 (38.7) |
9.7 (49.5) |
14.6 (58.3) |
17.0 (62.6) |
15.4 (59.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
2.4 (36.3) |
−8.3 (17.1) |
−15.6 (3.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −25.8 (−14.4) |
−23.8 (−10.8) |
−16 (3) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
0.9 (33.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
9.9 (49.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−16.2 (2.8) |
−23.3 (−9.9) |
−7.3 (18.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 132.1 (5.20) |
112.8 (4.44) |
54.9 (2.16) |
39.1 (1.54) |
36.5 (1.44) |
88.5 (3.48) |
132.1 (5.20) |
112.8 (4.44) |
54.9 (2.16) |
39.1 (1.54) |
36.5 (1.44) |
88.5 (3.48) |
927.8 (36.52) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 77 | 73 | 67 | 57 | 52 | 72 | 81 | 84 | 75 | 68 | 76 | 79 | 72 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 163.2 | 199.2 | 258.4 | 240.9 | 270.7 | 247.5 | 221.7 | 212.5 | 194.2 | 199.2 | 155.4 | 133.7 | 2,496.6 |
| Percentage possible sunshine | 62 | 71 | 71 | 59 | 57 | 51 | 45 | 47 | 51 | 60 | 58 | 54 | 57 |
| Source: China Meteorological Administration | |||||||||||||
Sonoma climate with even precipitation
Sonoma has a typical lowland near-coastal Californian temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb) with hot summers (although nights are comfortably mild) and cool winters, with even precipitation throughout the year. In January, the normal high is 61.2 °F (16.2 °C) and the typical low is 33.2 °F (0.7 °C). In July, the normal high is 84.5 °F (29.2 °C) and the normal low is 55.3 °F (12.9 °C). There are an average of 12.1 days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher and 2.5 days with highs of 100 °F (38 °C). Frost is common during the winter. The highest temperature on record was 112 °F (44 °C) on July 13, 1972, and the lowest temperature was 9 °F (−13 °C) on December 22, 1990. Normal annual precipitation is 29.43 inches (748 mm). The wettest month on record was 8.82 inches (224 mm) in January 1995. The greatest 24-hour rainfall was 6.75 inches (171 mm) on January 4, 1982. There are an average of 68.6 days with measurable precipitation. Snow has is relatively rare, but there have been at least 7 instances of accumulating snowfall since records began, with 2.3 inches falling in January 1907, February 5, 1976, and in the winter of 2001.[30]
| Climate data for Sonoma, California | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 88 (31) |
87 (31) |
91 (33) |
100 (38) |
104 (40) |
109 (43) |
112 (44) |
106 (41) |
103 (39) |
105 (41) |
93 (34) |
84 (29) |
112 (44) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 61.2 (16.2) |
65.6 (18.7) |
67.8 (19.9) |
71.1 (21.7) |
76.1 (24.5) |
81.4 (27.4) |
84.5 (29.2) |
84.1 (28.9) |
82.3 (27.9) |
76.4 (24.7) |
67.5 (19.7) |
61.4 (16.3) |
73.3 (22.9) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 47.2 (8.4) |
51.5 (10.8) |
53.6 (12.0) |
56.7 (13.7) |
61.6 (16.4) |
66.9 (19.4) |
69.9 (21.1) |
69.5 (20.8) |
67.8 (19.9) |
62.0 (16.7) |
53.3 (11.8) |
47.3 (8.5) |
58.9 (15.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 33.2 (0.7) |
37.4 (3.0) |
39.4 (4.1) |
42.3 (5.7) |
47.1 (8.4) |
52.4 (11.3) |
55.3 (12.9) |
54.9 (12.7) |
53.3 (11.8) |
47.6 (8.7) |
39.1 (3.9) |
33.2 (0.7) |
44.6 (7.0) |
| Record low °F (°C) | 16 (−9) |
17 (−8) |
18 (−8) |
24 (−4) |
28 (−2) |
34 (1) |
40 (4) |
38 (3) |
34 (1) |
32 (0) |
20 (−7) |
9 (−13) |
9 (−13) |
| Average precipitation inches (mm) | 2.67 (68) |
2.62 (67) |
2.55 (65) |
2.41 (61) |
2.36 (60) |
2.32 (59) |
2.31 (59) |
2.31 (59) |
2.33 (59) |
2.41 (61) |
2.53 (64) |
2.61 (66) |
29.43 (748) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 6.1 | 6.1 | 6.1 | 5.7 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.1 | 68.5 |
| Source: Western Regional Climate Center (normals and extremes 1893–present)[30] | |||||||||||||
Cerro de Pasco more continental climate
At 4,330 metres (14,210 ft) above sea level, Cerro de Pasco has an alpine tundra (ET/EH) climate with the average temperature of the warmest month below the 10 °C (50 °F)) threshold that would allow for tree growth, giving the countryside its barren appearance. The city is the largest in the world with this classification. Cerro de Pasco has humid, damp and cloudy summers with frequent rainfall and dry, sunny winters with cool to cold temperatures throughout the year. Snowfall occurs sporadically during any season and is most commonly around dawn.
The average annual temperature in Cerro de Pasco is 5.5 °C and the average annual rainfall is 999 mm.
| Climate data for Cerro de Pasco | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 12.9 (55.2) |
13.0 (55.4) |
12.9 (55.2) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.0 (53.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
11.9 (53.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
12.5 (54.5) |
12.7 (54.9) |
12.3 (54.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.8 (44.2) |
7.0 (44.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
5.0 (41.0) |
3.4 (38.1) |
3.7 (38.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
5.3 (41.5) |
5.8 (42.4) |
5.9 (42.6) |
6.4 (43.5) |
5.5 (42.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
0.9 (33.6) |
0.7 (33.3) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 137 (5.4) |
151 (5.9) |
153 (6.0) |
80 (3.1) |
43 (1.7) |
14 (0.6) |
16 (0.6) |
26 (1.0) |
52 (2.0) |
98 (3.9) |
103 (4.1) |
126 (5.0) |
999 (39.3) |
| Source: Climate-data.org[72] | |||||||||||||
Puno more continental climate
Puno features a subtropical highland climate (Cwc).
As Puno is located at such a high elevation, it experiences more extreme weather conditions than would be expected for its tropical latitude. The average annual temperature is about 8.4 °C,[73] and the weather never gets overly warm. During the winter months from June to August, night-time temperatures usually drop well below 0 °C. At this high altitude, the rays of the sun are very strong. Most of the annual precipitation falls during the southern hemisphere summer, with the winter months being very dry.
| Climate data for Puno | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
16.3 (61.3) |
15.6 (60.1) |
15.0 (59.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
13.8 (56.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
14.6 (58.3) |
14.9 (58.8) |
15.0 (59.0) |
15.2 (59.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.9 (51.6) |
10.7 (51.3) |
10.3 (50.5) |
9.2 (48.6) |
7.5 (45.5) |
6.3 (43.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
7.1 (44.8) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.0 (48.2) |
9.6 (49.3) |
10.6 (51.1) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
5.1 (41.2) |
4.9 (40.8) |
3.4 (38.1) |
0.5 (32.9) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
1.4 (34.5) |
3.1 (37.6) |
4.0 (39.2) |
5.0 (41.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 173.7 (6.84) |
149.2 (5.87) |
131.3 (5.17) |
58.9 (2.32) |
8.8 (0.35) |
5.7 (0.22) |
2.5 (0.10) |
12.1 (0.48) |
23.5 (0.93) |
53.0 (2.09) |
54.4 (2.14) |
87.2 (3.43) |
760.3 (29.93) |
| Source: SENAMHI[74] | |||||||||||||
Copacabana more continental climate
Copacabana has a dry-winter subpolar oceanic climate (Cwc), a rare variant of this type of climate, but commonplace near most of Lake Titicaca. Similar to many areas with this climate, Copacabana features a markedly drier “low-sun” season. Because of the high altitude of Copacabana, the town is chilly throughout the course of the year. However, due to the fact that Copacabana is located in the tropics, there are only mild variations in temperatures. Daytime temperatures vary from around 17 °C (63 °F) during the "high-sun" season to 13 °C (55 °F) during the "low-sun" season, with nighttime temperatures during the ”low-sun” season being likewise somewhat cooler than in the "high-sun" season. It is not uncommon for temperatures to drop below freezing during the “low-sun” season.
| Climate data for Copacabana | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 16.5 (61.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
13.5 (56.3) |
13.5 (56.3) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 10.0 (50.0) |
9.5 (49.1) |
9.0 (48.2) |
8.5 (47.3) |
6.0 (42.8) |
4.5 (40.1) |
4.5 (40.1) |
5.5 (41.9) |
6.5 (43.7) |
8.0 (46.4) |
8.0 (46.4) |
9.5 (49.1) |
7.5 (45.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 3.5 (38.3) |
3.5 (38.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−4.5 (23.9) |
−3.5 (25.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
1.5 (34.7) |
1.5 (34.7) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.1 (32.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 137.3 (5.41) |
82.6 (3.25) |
82.3 (3.24) |
31.6 (1.24) |
7.0 (0.28) |
9.8 (0.39) |
6.0 (0.24) |
30.2 (1.19) |
27.8 (1.09) |
39.8 (1.57) |
49.7 (1.96) |
76.6 (3.02) |
580.7 (22.88) |
| Source: World Weather Online | |||||||||||||
Toluca more continental climate
| Toluca | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Climate chart (explanation) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Under the Köppen climate classification, Toluca features a subtropical highland climate (Cwb), with relatively cool, dry winters, and mild, wet, humid summers.[75] Toluca's climate is the coolest of any large Mexican city due to its altitude (2,680 metres (8,793 ft) above sea level).[citation needed] Winter nights are cold and the temperature commonly drop below 0 °C (32 °F). Throughout the year, the temperature is rarely below −4 °C (25 °F) or above 26 °C (79 °F).[76]
The climate is prone to extended dry periods particularly in the winter. The rainy season extends from June to October. Just outside the heavily industrialized city, the municipality has forests with oak, pine, fir, cedar, cypress and other flora, characteristic of the temperate zone of central Mexico.
| Climate data for Toluca (1951–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 26.7 (80.1) |
29.2 (84.6) |
29.9 (85.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
29.8 (85.6) |
32.2 (90.0) |
29.4 (84.9) |
27.2 (81.0) |
28.4 (83.1) |
27.8 (82.0) |
25.6 (78.1) |
30.5 (86.9) |
32.2 (90.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) |
19.6 (67.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
20.3 (68.5) |
20.3 (68.5) |
23.4 (74.1) |
23.2 (73.8) |
22.1 (71.8) |
21.6 (70.9) |
20.2 (68.4) |
19.8 (67.6) |
18.5 (65.3) |
20.6 (69.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
10.7 (51.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.1 (55.6) |
13.8 (56.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
15.7 (60.3) |
15.1 (59.2) |
14.7 (58.5) |
13.0 (55.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
10.1 (50.2) |
12.9 (55.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.6 (33.1) |
1.9 (35.4) |
3.7 (38.7) |
5.9 (42.6) |
7.4 (45.3) |
8.6 (47.5) |
8.1 (46.6) |
8.0 (46.4) |
7.8 (46.0) |
5.8 (42.4) |
2.9 (37.2) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.2 (41.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.9 (16.0) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
1.8 (35.2) |
3.2 (37.8) |
0.2 (32.4) |
2.2 (36.0) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
−7.6 (18.3) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−8.9 (16.0) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 14.0 (0.55) |
8.7 (0.34) |
12.1 (0.48) |
31.7 (1.25) |
63.4 (2.50) |
139.3 (5.48) |
153.9 (6.06) |
140.4 (5.53) |
113.3 (4.46) |
53.3 (2.10) |
10.5 (0.41) |
6.9 (0.27) |
747.5 (29.43) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 2.5 | 2.9 | 3.6 | 7.5 | 13.5 | 18.7 | 23.3 | 23.0 | 18.1 | 10.2 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 129.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 64 | 61 | 58 | 56 | 60 | 68 | 71 | 72 | 72 | 70 | 67 | 65 | 65 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 245 | 238 | 271 | 247 | 224 | 168 | 176 | 179 | 168 | 196 | 220 | 229 | 2,561 |
| Source 1: Servicio Meteorológico Nacional[33][77] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun, 1961–1990)[78][b] | |||||||||||||
Port-aux-Français more continental climate (WIP)
Based on: Kerguelen Islands
Kerguelen's climate is oceanic, cool, and very windswept. Under the Köppen climate classification, Kerguelen's climate is considered to be an ET or tundra climate, which is technically a form of polar climate, as the average temperature in the warmest month is below 10 °C (50 °F).[79] Comparable climates include the Aleutian Islands, Campbell Island (New Zealand), the Crozet Islands, Iceland, northern Kamchatka Peninsula, Labrador and Tierra del Fuego.
All climate readings come from the Port-aux-Français base, which has one of the more favourable climates in Kerguelen due to its proximity to the coast and its location in a gulf sheltered from the wind.
The average annual temperature is 4.9 °C (40.8 °F) with an annual range of around 6 °C (11 °F). The warmest months of the year include January and February, with average temperatures between 7.8 and 8.2 °C (46.0 and 46.8 °F).The coldest month of the year is August with an average temperature of 2.1 °C (35.8 °F). Annual high temperatures rarely surpass 20 °C (68 °F), while temperatures in winter have never been recorded below −10 °C (14 °F) at sea level.
Kerguelen receives frequent precipitation, with snow throughout the year as well as rain. Port-aux-Français receives a modest amount of precipitation (708 mm (27.9 in) per year) compared to the west coast which receives an estimated three times as much precipitation per year.
The mountains are frequently covered in snow but can thaw very quickly in rain. Over the course of several decades, many permanent glaciers have shown signs of retreat, with some smaller ones having disappeared completely.
The west coast receives almost continuous wind at an average speed of 35 km/h (22 mph), due to the islands' location in between the Roaring Forties and the Furious Fifties. Wind speeds of 150 km/h (93 mph) are common and can even reach 200 km/h (120 mph).
Waves up to 12–15 m (39–49 ft) high are common, but there are many sheltered places where ships can dock.
Due to the island's southern latitude, it experiences a couple of weeks from December to early January in which there is no true night, only astronomical twilight, meaning that sun illumination is barely distinguishable at nighttime.
| Climate data for Port-aux-Français, Kerguelen | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 28.4 (83.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
26.1 (79.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
15.4 (59.7) |
10.5 (50.9) |
8.6 (47.5) |
9.4 (48.9) |
12.0 (53.6) |
18.2 (64.8) |
23.1 (73.6) |
26.0 (78.8) |
29.1 (84.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 17.2 (63.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
15.6 (60.1) |
11.5 (52.7) |
5.3 (41.5) |
1.2 (34.2) |
−0.1 (31.8) |
−0.4 (31.3) |
1.5 (34.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
10.4 (50.7) |
14.5 (58.1) |
8.4 (47.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 13.9 (57.0) |
14.9 (58.8) |
12.6 (54.7) |
9.0 (48.2) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−0.7 (30.7) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−2.9 (26.8) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
2.1 (35.8) |
6.5 (43.7) |
10.9 (51.6) |
5.4 (41.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 10.5 (50.9) |
11.5 (52.7) |
9.5 (49.1) |
6.5 (43.7) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−2.7 (27.1) |
−5.1 (22.8) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−4.7 (23.5) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
2.6 (36.7) |
7.2 (45.0) |
2.4 (36.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.6 (40.3) |
5.8 (42.4) |
4.5 (40.1) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−6.5 (20.3) |
−11.4 (11.5) |
−12.8 (9.0) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
−12.2 (10.0) |
−7.5 (18.5) |
−3.1 (26.4) |
2.6 (36.7) |
−14.5 (5.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 72.2 (2.84) |
49.5 (1.95) |
57.5 (2.26) |
59.6 (2.35) |
59.9 (2.36) |
75.9 (2.99) |
62.9 (2.48) |
63.4 (2.50) |
62.3 (2.45) |
59.3 (2.33) |
51.9 (2.04) |
55.1 (2.17) |
729.5 (28.72) |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 78 | 79 | 82 | 86 | 88 | 89 | 89 | 87 | 84 | 80 | 75 | 77 | 83 |
| Source: MeteoStats[80] | |||||||||||||
Alfred Faure more continental climate (WIP)
Based on: Crozet Islands
The Crozet islands have a subpolar oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb). Monthly temperatures average around −1.9 °C (29 °F) and 13.7 °C (57 °F) in winter and summer respectively.[81] Precipitation is high, with over 2,000 mm (78.7 in) per year in many locations. It rains or snows on average 300 days a year, and winds exceeding 100 km/h (60 mph) occur on 100 days a year. The temperatures may rise to 25 °C (77.0 °F) in summer and rarely go below −10 °C (14 °F) even in winter.
| Climate data for Alfred Faure (1981–2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.1 (80.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
25.3 (77.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
15.2 (59.4) |
12.7 (54.9) |
11.2 (52.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
11.5 (52.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
19.6 (67.3) |
23.2 (73.8) |
27.5 (81.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.1 (59.2) |
16.8 (62.2) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
5.9 (42.6) |
2.8 (37.0) |
2.5 (36.5) |
0.8 (33.4) |
1.9 (35.4) |
4.8 (40.6) |
7.7 (45.9) |
11.7 (53.1) |
8.0 (46.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 11.9 (53.4) |
13.9 (57.0) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.0 (48.2) |
3.8 (38.8) |
0.5 (32.9) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−1.6 (29.1) |
−1.2 (29.8) |
1.1 (34.0) |
4.4 (39.9) |
8.0 (46.4) |
5.2 (41.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 8.6 (47.5) |
11.0 (51.8) |
9.6 (49.3) |
6.5 (43.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
−1.8 (28.8) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−4.2 (24.4) |
−2.5 (27.5) |
1.0 (33.8) |
4.3 (39.7) |
2.4 (36.2) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 4.1 (39.4) |
6.5 (43.7) |
4.4 (39.9) |
0.9 (33.6) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−7.0 (19.4) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−9.5 (14.9) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−11.6 (11.1) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 127.8 (5.03) |
129.1 (5.08) |
146.2 (5.76) |
160.2 (6.31) |
186.2 (7.33) |
131.7 (5.19) |
139.2 (5.48) |
157.3 (6.19) |
163.6 (6.44) |
156.2 (6.15) |
147.9 (5.82) |
142.0 (5.59) |
1,782.5 (70.18) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 12.97 | 11.64 | 13.37 | 15.89 | 16.54 | 14.85 | 15.81 | 16.04 | 14.75 | 13.86 | 12.92 | 14.88 | 172.91 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 96.6 | 74.7 | 65.4 | 10.9 | 17.1 | 14.8 | 30.8 | 41.9 | 46.1 | 62.1 | 80.1 | 63.2 | 600.4 |
| Source: Meteo climat[82][83] | |||||||||||||
Marion Island more continental climate (WIP)
Based on: Prince Edward Islands
Despite being located inside the south temperate zone at 46 degrees latitude, the islands have a tundra climate. They lie directly in the path of eastward-moving depressions all year round and this gives them an unusually cool and windy climate. Strong regional winds, known as the roaring forties, blow almost every day of the year, and the prevailing wind direction is north-westerly.[84] Annual rainfall averages from 2,400 mm (94.5 in) up to over 3,000 mm (118.1 in) on Mascarin Peak. In spite of its very chilly climate it is located closer to the equator than mild northern hemisphere climates such as Paris and Seattle and only one degree farther south than fellow southern hemisphere climates such as Comodoro Rivadavia in Argentina and Alexandra in New Zealand. Many climates on lower latitudes in the opposite hemisphere have far colder winters than Prince Edward Islands due to their maritime moderation, even though temperatures in summer are way short of normal maritime climates.
It rains on average about 320 days a year (about 28 days a month) and the islands are among the cloudiest places in the world; about 1300 hours a year of sunshine occurs on the sheltered eastern side of Marion Island but only around 800 hours occur away from the coast on the wet western sides of Marion and Prince Edward Islands.
Summer and winter have fairly similar climates with cold winds and threat of snow or frost at any time of the year. However, the mean temperature in February (midsummer) is 7.7 °C (45.9 °F) and in August (midwinter) it is 3.9 °C (39.0 °F).[85][86]
| Climate data for Marion Island (1961–1990, extremes 1949–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.1 (86.2) |
27.5 (81.5) |
26.8 (80.2) |
20.9 (69.6) |
18.4 (65.1) |
15.4 (59.7) |
14.2 (57.6) |
11.4 (52.5) |
12.6 (54.7) |
16.5 (61.7) |
20.2 (68.4) |
24.9 (76.8) |
30.1 (86.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 15.5 (59.9) |
16.5 (61.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
10.8 (51.4) |
7.9 (46.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
2.2 (36.0) |
1.2 (34.2) |
2.2 (36.0) |
6.5 (43.7) |
9.8 (49.6) |
12.8 (55.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) |
13.7 (56.7) |
12.7 (54.9) |
8.2 (46.8) |
4.9 (40.8) |
2.1 (35.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.4 (29.5) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
2.7 (36.9) |
5.9 (42.6) |
9.2 (48.6) |
5.8 (42.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 9.1 (48.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
5.5 (41.9) |
1.9 (35.4) |
−0.3 (31.5) |
−2.1 (28.2) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−3.2 (26.2) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.5 (41.9) |
2.8 (37.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
4.2 (39.6) |
2.3 (36.1) |
−0.5 (31.1) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−9.8 (14.4) |
−10.6 (12.9) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
−7.7 (18.1) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
0.2 (32.4) |
−11.5 (11.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 219 (8.6) |
195 (7.7) |
216 (8.5) |
219 (8.6) |
232 (9.1) |
204 (8.0) |
194 (7.6) |
187 (7.4) |
183 (7.2) |
170 (6.7) |
170 (6.7) |
203 (8.0) |
2,399 (94.4) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 21 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 23 | 23 | 22 | 21 | 19 | 19 | 20 | 247 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 83 | 84 | 84 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 85 | 84 | 83 | 82 | 82 | 83 | 84 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 160.4 | 134.7 | 114.2 | 90.8 | 82.1 | 57.5 | 65.9 | 91.7 | 103.9 | 137.7 | 159.1 | 159.9 | 1,357.9 |
| Source 1: NOAA[18] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[35] | |||||||||||||
Heligoland warmer climate
Heligoland has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification Cfb), bordering on a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa) It is almost free of pollen and thus ideal for people with pollen allergies. Since there is no land mass in the vicinity, temperatures rarely drop below −2 °C (28 °F) even in the winter. At times, winter temperatures can be higher than in Hamburg by up to 10 °C (18 °F) because cold winds from Russia are weakened. While spring tends to be comparatively cool, autumn on Heligoland is often longer and warmer than on the mainland, and statistically, the climate is generally sunnier. The coldest temperature ever recorded on Heligoland was −8.5 °C (17 °F) in February 1956, while the highest was 32.6 °C (91 °F) in July 1994.
Owing to the mild climate, figs have reportedly been grown on the island as early as 1911,[87] and a 2005 article mentioned Japanese bananas, figs, agaves, palm trees and other exotic plants that had been planted on Heligoland and were thriving.[88] There still is an old mulberry tree in the Upper Town.
| Climate data for Heligoland, 1981–2010 (sunshine 1961–1990) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.9 (58.8) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.9 (60.6) |
23.5 (74.3) |
27.9 (82.2) |
29.5 (85.1) |
32.6 (90.7) |
31.8 (89.2) |
27.7 (81.9) |
22.3 (72.1) |
18.9 (66.0) |
16.1 (61.0) |
32.6 (90.7) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.6 (45.7) |
6.8 (44.2) |
8.9 (48.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
17.1 (62.8) |
20.0 (68.0) |
22.8 (73.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
20.2 (68.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
12.2 (54.0) |
9.4 (48.9) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 6.2 (43.2) |
5.5 (41.9) |
7.4 (45.3) |
11.2 (52.2) |
15.1 (59.2) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.8 (58.6) |
10.7 (51.3) |
7.8 (46.0) |
13.1 (55.6) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 4.7 (40.5) |
4.1 (39.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
9.2 (48.6) |
13.1 (55.6) |
16.1 (61.0) |
18.9 (66.0) |
19.4 (66.9) |
16.9 (62.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
9.2 (48.6) |
6.2 (43.2) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −7.8 (18.0) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
−3.9 (25.0) |
1.8 (35.2) |
5.6 (42.1) |
8.9 (48.0) |
11.1 (52.0) |
12.7 (54.9) |
9.0 (48.2) |
4.5 (40.1) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−8.5 (16.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 56.5 (2.22) |
41.9 (1.65) |
37.4 (1.47) |
33.9 (1.33) |
41.4 (1.63) |
54.4 (2.14) |
63.6 (2.50) |
79.7 (3.14) |
87.4 (3.44) |
87.0 (3.43) |
78.9 (3.11) |
67.5 (2.66) |
729.6 (28.72) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 46.5 | 79.1 | 125.3 | 182.4 | 241.8 | 237.0 | 227.6 | 220.1 | 147.0 | 99.2 | 54.0 | 40.3 | 1,700.3 |
| Source 1: Météo Climat[89] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: German Meteorological Service[90] | |||||||||||||
Axhare Capture Operations infobox
AKA: A battle between 1 person and no one which has resulted in 62,506 deaths and injuries but only 41,623 casualties.
| “ | I am far more worried of being simply ablated away piece by piece than I am at getting killed in one blow. | ” |
| — Axhare (lit. "fleeing"), in a journal entry, 1402 | ||
| Axhare Capture Operations | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the post-Disturbance War insurgency | |||||||
 Soldiers assaulting the ALE-occupied Hooks Ford Fort in the Siege at Hooks Ford on 2 January 1724, the largest battle in the operation. | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
| Jade Empire and supporters | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
| File:FlameFlag.png Axhare |
Emperor of the Jades see full list... | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| None |
Imperial Jade Armies | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
1 21,048 instances of support (from 12,689 people) (Average follower size: 6; Maximum: 322) |
8,500,000 total involved 69,428 engaged (Average engagement size: 20; Maximum: 4,000) | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
Axhare:
ALE and supporters:
|
12,104 killed in action 23,153 withdrawn after injuries 35,257 casualties[nb 2] | ||||||
Bombing of Washington, D.C. infobox and article (first attempt at fabrication from whole cloth)
| Bombing of Washington, D.C. (March 1921) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the World Revolution: 1918-1924 intervention in the United States | |||||||
| |||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Axis: Pilots and airstrips: | |||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
| 3rd Bomberstaffel | Various | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
|
9 Junkers R.II heavy bombers (8 at engagement) 18 pilots (16 at engagement) |
hundreds of militia 4 anti-aircraft guns 2 Bristol F.2 fighter planes | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
|
Manpower: 1 plane failed over water, crash-landed 1 plane shot down 7 planes deliberately crashed |
129 killed, mostly civilians 320 wounded, mostly civilians slight industrial damage | ||||||
.jpg){kind=link}
New content section #2
References
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- ^ a b "Grande Prairie A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981−2010. Environment Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2013. Cite error: The named reference "climate" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ "Grande Prairie". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
- ^ "Grande Prairie Airport". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Retrieved 3 June 2017.
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{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b "July 2008". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ a b c "Iqaluit A". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2402590. Archived from the original on May 16, 2017. Retrieved February 24, 2014.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) Cite error: The named reference "ccn" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page). - ^ "March 1999". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2402590. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "September 2010". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "October 2015". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "December 2010". Canadian Climate Data. Environment Canada. Climate ID: 2402592. Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2016.
{{cite web}}: Unknown parameter|deadurl=ignored (|url-status=suggested) (help) - ^ "Monthly values of meteorological parameters, Vostok station (89606)". Antarctic Research and Investigation. Retrieved June 12, 2015.
- ^ Weather at Vostok. pogoda.ru.net. Retrieved on 2010-08-08
- ^ "World: Lowest Temperature". Arizona State University. Retrieved June 16, 2015.
- ^ https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/forecast/modelclimate/khardūng-la_india_1266938
- ^ Peel, M. C., Finlayson, B. L., and McMahon, T. A.: Updated world map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 11, 1633–1644, 200 7.
- ^ Ozborn, Liz. Sunniest Places in United States. Current Results. Retrieved March 13, 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2013-06-30. Cite error: The named reference "NOAA" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
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