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Raster image processor

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Generating the raster image data

A raster image processor (RIP) is a component used in a printing system which produces a raster image also known as a bitmap. Such a bitmap is used by a later stage of the printing system to produce the printed output. The input may be a page description in a high-level page description language such as PostScript, PDF, or XPS. The input can be or include bitmaps of higher or lower resolution than the output device, which the RIP resizes using an image scaling algorithm.

Originally an RIP was a rack of electronic hardware which received the page description via some interface (e.g. RS-232) and generated a "hardware bitmap output" which was used to enable or disable each pixel on a real-time output device such as an optical film recorder, computer to film, or computer to plate.

A RIP can be implemented as a software module on a general-purpose computer, or as a firmware program executed on a microprocessor inside a printer. For high-end typesetting, standalone hardware RIPs are sometimes used. Ghostscript and GhostPCL are examples of software RIPs. Every PostScript printer contains a RIP in its firmware. The RIP chip in a laser printer sends its raster image output to the laser.

Earlier RIPs retained backward compatibility with phototypesetters/photosetters, so they supported the older languages. So, for example, Linotype RIPs supported CORA (RIP30).

Stages of RIP

  1. Interpretation: This is the stage where the supported PDLs (page description languages) are translated into a private internal representation of each page. Most RIPs process pages serially, one page at a time, so the current machine state is only for the current page. After a page has been output, the page state is discarded to prepare for the next page.
  2. Rendering: A process through which the private internal representation is turned into a continuous-tone bitmap. In practical RIPs, interpretation and rendering are frequently done together. Simple languages were designed to work on minimal hardware, so tend to "directly drive" the renderer.
  3. Screening: In order to print, the continuous-tone image is converted into a halftone (pattern of dots). Two screening methods or types are amplitude modulation (AM) screening and stochastic or frequency modulation (FM) screening. In AM screening, dot size varies depending on object density—tonal values; dots are placed in a fixed grid. In FM screening, dot size remains constant and dots are placed in random order to create darker or lighter areas of the image; dot placement is precisely controlled by sophisticated mathematical algorithms.

RIP Providers

  • neoStampa Rip, from Inèdit Software. Is the most accurate RIP for digital textile printing.
  • SAi Flexi, rip for the sign industry and wide format printing.
  • Wasatch SoftRIP, Wasatch rip for direct to garment, dye sub textile, screen printers.
  • AccuRIP Black Pearl Screen-Print Industry RIP for producing output from an inkjet printer
  • Cadlink, RIP's for Direct To Garment, Large format and Film Separations
  • Caldera RIP and complementary software solutions for the wide format printing industry
  • ColorGATE RIP Software and printer driver technology for the Commercial Printing (Digital, Conventional Printing, Prepress) and Industrial Printing
  • EFI, Inc. EFI Fiery Controllers
  • EG-DocRIP (printer drivers not available) can interpret several printer languages or document formats - HP PCL5, XL, Adobe PostScript Level3, Microsoft XPS, W3C XHTML-MP, and render to raster image.
  • ErgoSoft, Professional RIP and Workflow solutions. ErgoSoft offers individual software solutions for high-quality digital printing in a wide array of digital printing applications.
  • Harlequin RIP renders from PostScript, PDF, XPS, PCL, etc. for use in desktop printers, digital production presses and prepress.
  • ImageNest RIP (Non windows OS) can layout multiple raster and PostScript files onto a single page. File support includes EPS, PDF, PS (Postscript) Camera RAW, DNG, TIF, JPG, GIF, PNG, HDR (High Dynamic Range), and other formats.
  • ImagePrint Windows / Macintosh RIP specializing in Fine Art and Photographic reproduction on Inkjet printers.
  • Onyx RIP Products, Onyx Graphics
  • RipExpress and PrintExpress Adobe CPSI based RIPs from IPA Systems Ltd.
  • Serendipity Software RIP and colour management system built for photographers, designers, and print professionals.
  • TOSHIBA TEC is developing PCL, PS3, and XPS RIP and printer drivers inhouse for its e-BRIDGE based MFPs

See also

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