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Uí Sihtric (999–1168)
The Uí Sihtric dynasty was a Hiberno-Norse noble family and a cadet branch of the Uí Ímair clan of the British Isles. The Uí Ímair had ruled Dublin for half a century, but came to dominate Ireland upon King Sigtrygg Silkbeard's victory over Máel Sechnaill, High King of Ireland in 999, claiming sovereignty over the island. Eventually, Sigtrygg Silkbeard was crowned King of Ireland by Pope Sylvester V.[1] The Uí Sihtric suffered from a disputed succession after the death of King Olaf Sigtryggsson, eventually sparking a brutal war of succession known as the Hundred Kings War. The last Uí Sihtric King, Sven Olafsson was exiled to Vinland together with many of his kinsmen, which they ruled until the establishment of the Principality of Vinland.
Portrait | Name | King from | King until | Death | Relationship with predecessor(s) | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Sigtrygg Silkbeard | 3 November 1032 | 8 June 1039 | Died of suspicious circumstances, aged 69. | • Counterpartner of Máel Sechnaill, High King of Ireland and King of Mide (980-999) | King of Dublin and Ireland |
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Olaf Sigtryggsson the Disinterested | 8 June 1039 | 30 March 1073 | Died of natural causes, aged 78. | • Son of Sigtrygg Silkbeard | |
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Koll Sigurdsson | 24 August 1073 | 17 January 1073 | Killed by Conchobar Ua Conchobair, King of Meath in 1121. | • Nephew of Olaf Sigtryggsson | |
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Ralof Sigurdsson | 28 July 1077 | 20 April 1080 | Died of natural causes, aged 65. | • Uncle of Koll Sigurdsson
• Cousin of Olaf Sigtryggsson |
King of Ireland |
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Sven Olafsson | 20 June 1135 | 6 October 1158 | Died en route to Vinland, aged 85. | • Illegitimate child of Olaf Sigtryggsson |
Uí hEodhusa (1181–1259)
The Uí hEodhusa were a group of minor Hiberno-Norse nobles based in Dublin, and distant relatives of their preceding Uí Sihtrics and Uí Ímairs. The Uí Ímair came to power in the wake of the brutal Hundred Kings War, during which they took control of much of Eastern Ireland with the help of Norman and Moorish mercenaries that their founder, Osvald Linisson had recruited from abroad. The Uí hEodhusa were challenged by native Gaelic lords Domnhall Caomhánach of Leinster and Brian Conchobair of Munster for lordship of Ireland. After a brief cultural flowering in the early reign of Ivarr Magnusson, the authority of Uí hEodhusa monarchs collapsed after the Sigurd Rebellion, and the Kingship was usurped by Moorish general Eoin O Hiamad.
Portrait | Name | King from | King until | Death | Relationship with predecessor(s) | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Osvald "Al-Hassan" Linisson | 17 August 1181 | 26 June 1201 | Died of battle injuries, aged 53. | • Grandson-in-law of Koll Sigurdsson. | King of Dublin and Ireland |
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Magnus Osvaldsson the Axe | 1 July 1201 | 30 March 1221 | Died of natural causes, aged 48. | • Son of Osvald "Al-Hassan" Linisson | |
Ivarr Magnusson the Recluse | 7 April 1221 | 11 March 1263 | Died of posioning, aged 61. | • Son of Magnus Osvaldsson | ||
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Sigurd Magnusson the Strong | 4 April 1256 | 19 November 1259 | Executed by Eoin O Hiamad, aged 47. | • Son of Magnus Osvaldsson
• Brother of Ivarr Osvaldsson |
Count of Wexford and King of Ireland |
Uí Gaídel (1263–0000)
The Uí Gaídel were a Hiberno-Moorish family that first arrived in Ireland to fight for Osvald Linnson during the Hundred Kings War. The family grew in prominence as Moorish mercenaries became the backbone of Irish military might, embedded itself into the Hiberno-Norse nobility in the early 13th century, eventually making the office of Lord-Protector of Ireland during the Sigurd Rebellion. General Eoin O Hiamad became King of Ireland upon Ivarr Magnusson's death, and opened the floodgates to Moorish influence. Eoin O Hiamad grew to be paranoid and craven, and soon grew to be hated by many in Ireland.
The Uí Gaídel were briefly interrupted by a Uí hEodhusa restoration under Laurent de Dreux, and resumed their rule in 1310. The Dreuxist Rebellion prompted Seosamh Eoinson to pursue a strong Gaelicisation campaign, forcing his Moorish, French and Norman Lords to adopt native Irish practices in the name of cultural unity. The Uí Gaídel are therefore sometimes known as the "first popular monarchy".
Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | King from | King until | Relationship with predecessor(s) | Death | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Eoin Hiamadson the Egocentric, the Craven | 2 January 1263 | 20 July 1287 | • Son-in-law of Ivarr Osvaldsson | • Died of choking, aged 60. Buried in the Cathedral of the Holy Trinity. | King of Dublin and Ireland | |
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Seosamh Eoinson the Gael | 20 July 1287 | 4 August 1343 | • Son of Eoin Hiamadson |
Uí Dreux (1298–1310)
With the death of the much-feared Eoin O Hiamad, various Uí hEodhusa restorationists began to gather in strength, most powerful of which was the Uí Dreux. The young Laurent de Dreux was the most powerful vassal of the French King Philippe III, and now sought to expand his power beyond the borders of France by claiming his right to the succession of the Irish throne as the last of the Uí hEodhusa who had yet to accept Uí Gaídel rule. Laurent landed in Port Láirgeand marched on Dublin, sparking the Dreuxist Rebellion. Laurent de Dreux was ultimately defeated, and Uí Gaídel rule resumed.
Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | King from | King until | Relationship with predecessor(s) | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Laurent de Dreux | 2 October 1298 | 31 May 1310 | • Great-grandson of Magnus Osvaldsson | Count of Dreux, Count of Flanders, Duke of Brittany and King of Ireland |
Uí Gaídel Restored (1263–0000)
Portrait | Coat of arms | Name | King from | King until | Relationship with predecessor(s) | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Seosamh Eoinson the Gael | 20 July
1287 |
4 August
1343 |
• Son of Eoin Hiamadson | King of Dublin and Ireland |
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Toirdelbach O'Seosamh the Tall | 31 May 1310 | 7 November
1342 |
• Son of Seosamh Eoinson | ||
Conchobar O'Toirdelbach the Seafarer | 7 November 1342 | 5 February 1384 | • Son of Toirdelbach O'Seosamh | King of Dublin and Ireland, Lord of Vinland, Lord of An Íoslainn | ||
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Sléibhín O'Conchobar the Wealthy | 5 February
1384 |
13
September 1444 |
• Son of Conchobar O'Toirdelbach |
- ^ Babcock, Philip (1993). Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged. MA, USA: Merriam-Webster. p. 341.