User:Rubyputt/sandbox
| Rubyputt/sandbox | |
|---|---|
 Adansonia digitata (Baobab seed) | |
| Geographic origin | Madagascar, mainland Africa, Arabia, and Australia |
| Legal status |
|
Origins and Extraction
Origins
Baobab oil is sourced from the Baobab tree (Adansonia) which has notably commented on its unknown original source, however is characterised to be found in "arid tropical ecosystems"[2] across Africa, Asia and in some areas of Australia.
Extraction
The oil from the Baobab seed is extracted through the cold pressing process, often conducted with an automated cold-pressing machine but can be done manually if needed. the method of this process entails the laceration of the solid by needle, the solid is then undergone compression which creates oil to seep out of the solid. this oil is then gathered by a decanter and combined with water, where the water is then again separated by configuration and the oil is dried over anhydrous sodium sulphate and stored at 4°c until it is needed[3].
Properties
Across Africa is has become a common practice for the extraction of plant and seed materials for research purposes in order to evaluate their chemical properties. prior to the seed's oil being extracted the method includes using already dry seeds which are then cleaned from dirt and left out in the sun for an extra period of time. from then the seeds are grounded often via a mill and passed through a mesh sieve which are then refrigerated[4], this is the solid then used during the process of extraction.
The extraction method used regularly is Soxhlet method[5] which separates the soluble molecules from an organic solid into a solvent creating a liquid.[6] This involves the Soxhlet extractor apparatus which has the solid placed on the thimble in the main chamber which through the the heating of a solvent in the still pot is transferred into the solvent creating a liquid.
Chemical Profile
Vitamins and Minerals
Experiments[7] conducted support the presence of prominent vitamins and minerals apart of the daily intake for the human body. Evidence suggests that the baobab can contribute to some extent of human intake of iron and zinc.
| Vitamin type | Value in baobab oil (mg/100g) | Recommended daily intake[8] |
|---|---|---|
| Vitamin A | 5.26±0.03* | 700-900ɰm |
| Vitamin C | 6.71±0.04 | 40-45mg |
*ɰm/100g
| Mineral Type | Value in baobab oil (mg/100g) | Adequate intake[9] |
|---|---|---|
| Phosphorus | 6.00±0.02 | 1000-1250mg |
| Calcium | 58.90±2.34 | 1000-1300mg |
| Potassium | 280±1.34 | 2500-3800mg |
| Sodium | 6.07±0.04 | 460-920mg |
| Recommended daily intake[9] | ||
| Zinc | 3.60±1.42 | 7-14mg |
| Iron | 6.36±0.42 | 8-15mg |
Fatty acid profile
| Fatty acid group | Σ of values (percentage) |
|---|---|
| Unsaturated | 62.11±1.91 |
| Saturated | 29.41±1.66 |
| Cyclic | 7.10±1.50 |
Health benefits and Uses
In Retail
References
- ^ "Soxhlet extractor", Wikipedia, 2019-02-22, retrieved 2019-05-09
- ^ Chapotin, S.M., Razanameharizaka, J.H. and Holbrook, N.M., 2006. Baobab trees (Adansonia) in Madagascar use stored water to flush new leaves but not to support stomatal opening before the rainy season. New Phytologist, 169(3), pp.549-559.
- ^ Ferhat, M.A., Meklati, B.Y. and Chemat, F., 2007. Comparison of different isolation methods of essential oil from Citrus fruits: cold pressing, hydrodistillation and microwave ‘dry’distillation. Flavour and Fragrance Journal, 22(6), pp.494-504.
- ^ Vermaak, I., Kamatou, G.P.P., Komane-Mofokeng, B., Viljoen, A.M. and Beckett, K., 2011. African seed oils of commercial importance—Cosmetic applications. South African Journal of Botany, 77(4), pp.920-933.
- ^ Ganzler, K., Salgo, A. and Valkó, K., 1986. Microwave extraction: A novel sample preparation method for chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 371, pp.299-306.
- ^ "Ontology". www.rsc.org. Retrieved 2019-05-09.
- ^ a b c Nkafamiya, I.I., Osemeahon, S.A., Dahiru, D. and Umaru, H.A., 2007. Studies on the chemical composition and physicochemical properties of the seeds of baobab (Adasonia digitata). African Journal of Biotechnology, 6(6).
- ^ "Vitamin C". National health and research council. 23//01/2017. Retrieved 12/05/2019.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ a b "nutrients". National Health and Medical Research Council. 22/09/2017. Retrieved 12/05/2019.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|access-date=and|date=(help); Cite has empty unknown parameter:|dead-url=(help) - ^ Razafimamonjison, G., Leong Pock Tsy, J.M., Randriamiarinarivo, M., Ramanoelina, P., Rasoarahona, J., Fawbush, F. and Danthu, P., 2017. Fatty acid composition of baobab seed and its relationship with the genus Adansonia taxonomy. Chemistry & biodiversity, 14(8), p.e1600441.
- ^ Vermaak, I., Kamatou, G.P.P., Komane-Mofokeng, B., Viljoen, A.M. and Beckett, K., 2011. African seed oils of commercial importance—Cosmetic applications. South African Journal of Botany, 77(4), pp.920-933.