Memory and retention in learning
Memory and Retention in Learning
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Human memory is the process in which information and material is encoded, stored and retrieved within the brain [1]. There are three different classifications of memory: short-term memory, long-term memory and sensory memory. Memory and retention are intrinsically linked because retained information is kept in long-term memory stores [1]. In addition, memory and learning are also very closely connected. Memory is crucial for learning because it is a site for storage and retrieval for new information. Moreover, learning is dependent on memory because previously stored knowledge functions as a framework in which new knowledge can be linked [2]. Information is retained in memory in different ways, but is primarily done so through learning and repetition. Information that is encoded and stored within memory can often be forgotten, and there are many explanations for this, including: ineffective coding, decay of information and competition of newly learned material [3]. There are many ways of improving human memory and retention in learning which depend on how the information was originally encoded and whether the information is regularly retrieved [3].
Defining Memory
Long-term
Information such as facts, episodes, procedures and physical skills are stored in long-term memory
Short-term
Temporarily records the sequence of day-to-day living, but only has a storage capacity of a few dozen seconds
Sensory
A process of perception that is provided by human senses, however it only lasts for a few hundred milliseconds
How we retain information
Through learning and repetition
Why we forget information
Ineffective coding, decay theory, interference theory and retrieval failure
How we can improve our memory and retention
Deeper processing, avoiding interference when learning, avoiding distractions, matching encoding with retrieval
References
- ^ a b Weiten, Wayne (2007). Psychology : themes and variations (7th ed ed.). Belmont, CA : Thomson/Wadsworth. ISBN 9780495097037.
{{cite book}}:|edition=has extra text (help) - ^ Lieberman, David A. (2011/12). "Human Learning and Memory by David A. Lieberman". Cambridge Core. Retrieved 2019-04-09.
{{cite web}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ a b Whitehead, Anne (2009). Memory. London; New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780203888049. OCLC 262618282.