Sultanate of Langkat
Negeri Kesultanan Langkat Langkat Darul Aman Kesultanan Langkat | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1568–1946 | |||||||||
 Langkat Sultanate territory in 1930 (dark red) | |||||||||
| Capital | Tanjung Pura, Langkat | ||||||||
| Common languages | Malay | ||||||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Sultanate Monarchy | ||||||||
| Sultan | |||||||||
• 1840-1893 | Sultan Musa | ||||||||
• 1893-1927 | Sultan Abdul Aziz Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah | ||||||||
• 1927-1948 | Sultan Mahmud Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1568 | ||||||||
| 1946 | |||||||||
| |||||||||
The Sultanate of Langkat was a Muslim state located in modern Langkat Regency, North Sumatra. It predates Islam in the region, but no historical records before the 17th century survive.[1] It prospered with the opening of rubber plantations and the discovery of oil in Pangkalan Brandan.
Establishment
In approximately 1568, a military commander from the Kingdom of Aru set up a kingdom which was the forerunner of the modern Langkat Sultanate.[1] However, the the first sultan was Sri Paduka Tuanku Sultan al-Haj Musa al-Khalid al-Mahadiah Mu’azzam Shah, known as Sultan Musa, who was awarded the tile of sultan in 1887 by the Dutch monarch as a token of gratitude for his services, as the Dutch colonial authorities were able to use the Malay sultans to indirectly control eastern Sumatra. In return for their compliance in allowing foreign interests to control tobacco estates, the Malay sultans received royalties as well as control over the people and security of their sultanates. This made them enormously wealthy.[1][2] As well as tobacco, contacts were also singed for oil exploitation, and by 1915, 37.9 percent of the income of the Langkat Sultanate passed directly to Sultan Abdul Aziz Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah, the son of Sultan Musa, who had inherited the throne in 1893. Abdul Aziz also built the huge Azizi Mosque in Tanjung Pura, seat of the sultanate, and established a religious education centre.[3][4]
Abdul Aziz was in turn succeeded by his son, Sultan Mahmud Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah, whose wealth grew in parallel with the income from various concessions. He became the richest of the Sumatra Malay sultans, and by 1933 owned 13 limousines, racehorses and a boat that he never used.[3][5]
The end of the sultanate
The sultanate fell as a result of the social revolution of March 1946, a movement against what were seen as feudal and pro-Dutch aristocracies. The Sultanate of Langkat was declared abolished on 5 March.[6] On 9 March, the palace was seized, seven aristocrats were killed and the sultan was handed over the republican authorities. Mahmud Abdul died in 1948[7][8]
See also
- Tengku Ampuan Rahimah - royal consort of Salahuddin of Selangor.
Notes
- ^ a b c Buyer 2013.
- ^ Reid 2014, p. 3.
- ^ a b Reid 2014, p. 46.
- ^ Bagja Hidayat 2017, pp. 100–103.
- ^ Bagja Hidayat 2017, p. 103.
- ^ Reid 2014, p. 235.
- ^ Reid 2014, p. 239.
- ^ Bagja Hidayat 2017, p. 100.
References
- Bagja Hidayat, ed. (20 August 2017), "Edisi Khusus Amir Hamzah", Tempo (Indonesia), Jakarta, pp. 54–131, ISSN 0126-4273
- Buyers, Christopher (May 2013). "Langket: Brief History". Royal Ark. Retrieved 21 April 2019.
- Reid, Anthony (2014). The Blood of the People: Revolution & the End of Traditional Rule in Northern Sumatra. Singapore: NUS Press. ISBN 978-9971-69-637-5.
- Said, H. Mohammed (April 1973). "What was the Social Revolution of 1946 in East Sumatra" (PDF). Indonesia. 15 (15). Cornell University: Indonesia Southeast Asia Program Publications: 145–186.
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