Allergic transfusion reaction
Allergic transfusion reactions are among the most common transfusion reactions to occur. Reported rates depend on the degree of active surveillance versus passing reporting to the blood bank[1]. Overall, they are estimated to complicate up to 3% of all transfusions[2]. The incidence of allergic transfusion reactions is associated with the amount of plasma in the product[2]. More than 90% of these reactions occur during transfusion.
An allergic transfusion reaction is a type of transfusion reaction that is defined according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC) [3]as:
DEFINITIVE DIAGNOSIS:
2 or more of the following occurring during or within 4 hours of cessation of transfusion:
- Conjunctival edema
- Edema of lips, tongue and uvula
- Erythema and edema of the periorbital area
- Generalized flushin
- Hypotension
- Localized angioedema
- Maculopapular rash
- Pruritus (itching)
- Respiratory distress; bronchospasm
- Urticaria (hives)
PROBABLE DIAGNOSIS:
Any 1 of the following occurring during or within 4 hours of cessation of transfusion:
- Conjunctival edema
- Edema of lips, tongue and uvula
- Erythema and edema of periorbital area
- Localized angioedema
- Maculopapular rash
- Pruritus (itching)
- Urticaria (hives)
Treatment
Treatment of an allergic transfusion reaction is to STOP the transfusion. If the only symptoms are mild (ie, hives and itching), the patient may be treated with an antihistamine and if the symptoms completely disappear and the patient feels well, the transfusion may be restarted. A mild transfusion reaction during infusion usually does not progress to a more severe anaphlyactic reaction after infusion of additional product from the same unit[2]. If the symptoms are more than mild, the transfusion should not be restarted.
Prevention
- ^ Savage, William J.; Tobian, Aaron A. R.; Savage, Jessica H.; Wood, Robert A.; Schroeder, John T.; Ness, Paul M. (2013-6). "Scratching the surface of allergic transfusion reactions". Transfusion. 53 (6): 1361–1371. doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03892.x. ISSN 1537-2995. PMC 3711222. PMID 22998777.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ a b c Savage, William J. (06 2016). "Transfusion Reactions". Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America. 30 (3): 619–634. doi:10.1016/j.hoc.2016.01.012. ISSN 1558-1977. PMID 27113000.
{{cite journal}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - ^ "CDC NHSN Biovigilance Component: Hemovigilance Module Surveillance Protocol v2.5.2".
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